No abstract available.
Giant Lymph Node Hyperplasia* ; Neck*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the current urinary incontinence states in women above middle age dwelling in rural areas and their coping with the problems. METHODS: The participants were 261 women above middle age. Data were collected from February to May, 2012 using a structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed with the SPSS/WIN 20 program. RESULTS: The frequency of urinary incontinence in women above middle age was 45.4%. There were significant differences in urinary incontinence due to age, education, job status, frequency of delivery, and menstrual status. And, there were significant relations among urinary symptoms, difficulty of ADL, incontinence stress and depression. Frequently used coping-methods with urinary incontinence were washing frequently in order to avoid awful smell, paying attention to perineal cleaning, and going to restroom frequently. CONCLUSION: Community nurses who are in charge of primary health care ought to assess urinary incontinence and develop a urinary incontinence program that includes psychological and social factors.
Activities of Daily Living ; Adaptation, Psychological ; Depression ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged* ; Primary Health Care ; Smell ; Urinary Incontinence* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: The purposes of this study were to identify the prevalence and influencing factors of fecal incontinence, and to analyze the association between fecal incontinence and depression. METHODS: The subjects of this study were 233 women living in rural areas, and data were collected using questionnaires from February 24 to May 30, 2012. Fecal incontinence was measured with the Continence Grading Score, and depression with the Geriatric Depression Scale. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS through chi2-test, Fisher's exact test, t-test and ANOVA. RESULTS: Of the subjects, 16.7% had fecal incontinence. The prevalence of fecal incontinence was higher in older women (chi2=23.55, p<.001), those with vaginal delivery (chi2=4.81, p=.049), those with parity of 4 or more (chi2=13.47, p=.003), and those with urinary incontinence (chi2=26.36, p<.001). The level of depression was significantly higher in older women (F=19.27, p<.001), those with low academic qualification (F=18.17, p<.001), those with urinary incontinence (F=4.15, p=.043), and those with fecal incontinence (F=14.90, p<.001). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that there should be supports by public health care for fecal incontinence prevention and care programs in order to promote the physical and emotional health of rural women.
Depression* ; Fecal Incontinence* ; Female ; Humans ; Parity ; Prevalence ; Public Health ; Urinary Incontinence ; Surveys and Questionnaires

In order to evaluate the effect of the lumbar epidural steroid injection in the low back pain and/or radicular pain. We studied 66 patients who were treated and followed for an average of 8.6 months. In the initial evaluation, main pain sites were as follows: low back pain in 41 patients, buttock pain in 7 patients, and leg pain. In 18 patients. Immediate response and delayed response in the patients were studied. Immediate response within 1 day after injection revealed the following : dramatic improvement in 3.0%;some improvement in 56.1%; no improvement in 27.3%; and more aggravated in 13.6%. Delayed response after 1 month revealed the following : 15.2% continuously maintained improvement; 9.1 showed progressive improvement;36.4% experienced recurring pain; 27.3% had no improvement; and 10.6% had aggravating pain. The effect of the lumbar epidural steroid injection was not affected by the severity of pain in the initial evaluation. Better improvements were noted in patients who suffered radicular pain than those who suffered low back or buttock pain. Good prognostic factors were young age and male. Complications that the patients suffered were transient injection pain(6), edema of the face or extremity(10), transient leg weakness(5) and dural puncture(1). The number of patients who wanted to recommend this procedure to others were 22(33.3%). In conclusion, epidural steroid injection was one of the methods in the management of the patients who suffered low back pain and/or radicular pain and had no effect by any other therapies.
Buttocks ; Edema ; Humans ; Leg ; Low Back Pain* ; Male

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to determine the actual educational condition of contact lenses in Korean ophthalmology residency training hospitals. METHODS: A questionnaire survey about the educational condition of contact lenses was performed twice between October 2000 and September 2002 in 75 Korean ophthalmology residency training hospitals. In the second examination, the same primary questionnaire was administered to confirm the improvement of educational condition. RESULTS: Nine percent of the subjects were satisfied with the educational condition of contact lenses in the first examination and 12% in the second examination. Most residents were not satisfied because of lack of manpower and interest. The ratio of hospitals conducting the contact lens education program increased from 12% in the first examination to 45% in the second examination. Most of the residents agreed to alter the contact lenses fitting into obligatory provision during the residency training period; 80% in the first examination and 75% in the second examination. CONCLUSIONS: Most residents agreed with the necessity of contact lens education, but the program was not performed well. Thus, the interest and education of the Korea ophthalmologic society and each ophthalmology residency training hospital will be required to educate the information about contact lenses and their correct wearing.
Contact Lenses ; Education ; Internship and Residency* ; Korea ; Ophthalmology* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Fourty one cases with coronary occlusive disease were anesthetised for aortocoronary bypass graft from May 1977 to December 1983 st Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Medical Center. The main anesthetic agents were diazepam-morphine-pancuronium-O2-N2O in most cases, and supplemented with halothane, enflurane of methoxyflurane in some cases. Nitroglycerin, nitroprusside, triflupromasine, and dopamine were used for keeping the hemodynamic stability before, during and after anesthesia depending on the needs. Two operative death occured in our early years. The mortality rate was 4.87% and no late deaths. The overall anesthetic management for aortocoronary bypass graft surgery is disscussed.
Academic Medical Centers ; Anesthesia* ; Anesthetics ; Coronary Artery Bypass ; Dopamine ; Enflurane ; Halothane ; Hemodynamics ; Methoxyflurane ; Mortality ; Nitroglycerin ; Nitroprusside ; Transplants*

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to understand the level of successful aging and to analyze the factors that affect successful aging. METHODS: This study was a descriptive study. The data collection of this study using questionnaires was from October 1, 2017 to December 30, 2017, and the 169 elderly people living in Chungcheongnam-do were surveyed. RESULTS: The mean level of successful aging of the subjects was 3.57 (±0.58), which was higher than the median, it was significantly different among the presence of religion, participation in senior facility, regular exercise, pain, and subjective health status. Regression analysis showed that the factors that have the greatest influence on the successful aging of the subjects were the participation in senior facility (β=0.24, P<0.001), self-esteem support (β=0.20, P=0.024), emotional support (β=0.19, P=0.048), regular exercise (β=0.19, P=0.002), and pain (β=−0.14. P=0.029). The explanatory power of these variables on successful aging was 53% (F=20.37, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that emotional support and support for self-esteem were important in successful aging, and that pain, which was not considered in previous studies, was an important factor.
Aged ; Aging ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Data Collection ; Diagnostic Self Evaluation ; Humans

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to understand the level of successful aging and to analyze the factors that affect successful aging. METHODS: This study was a descriptive study. The data collection of this study using questionnaires was from October 1, 2017 to December 30, 2017, and the 169 elderly people living in Chungcheongnam-do were surveyed. RESULTS: The mean level of successful aging of the subjects was 3.57 (±0.58), which was higher than the median, it was significantly different among the presence of religion, participation in senior facility, regular exercise, pain, and subjective health status. Regression analysis showed that the factors that have the greatest influence on the successful aging of the subjects were the participation in senior facility (β=0.24, P<0.001), self-esteem support (β=0.20, P=0.024), emotional support (β=0.19, P=0.048), regular exercise (β=0.19, P=0.002), and pain (β=−0.14. P=0.029). The explanatory power of these variables on successful aging was 53% (F=20.37, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study showed that emotional support and support for self-esteem were important in successful aging, and that pain, which was not considered in previous studies, was an important factor.

We describe a case of priapism after perineal blunt trauma in a 32-year old man who complained of painless and persistent erection. We confirmed high-flow priapism by cavernosal blood gas analysis, Doppler ultrasonography, and arteriography. A pseudoaneurysm was blocked by selective carvernosal artery embolization with autologous clot. Penile tumescence did not completely disappear during the following 4 weeks, and the patient complained of penile discomfort. Reembolization of the cavernosal artery with autologous clot was successful in reversing the erection. The patient has normal erectile status and no complaints during 30 months follow-up.
Adult ; Aneurysm, False ; Angiography ; Arteries ; Blood Gas Analysis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Penile Erection ; Priapism* ; Ultrasonography, Doppler

PURPOSE: There has been great demand for indwelling stents for preventing pain, obstructive symptoms and other complications after endoscopic procedures. However, there is no consensus on the placement of a ureteral stent after an ureteroscopy. Inherent stent related problems warrant the minimum possible stenting duration without compromising the results of an ureteroscopy. A prospective randomized trial was performed to evaluate whether 3-day stenting is sufficient for ureteroscopic lithotripsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 38 patients underwent an ureteroscopic lithotripsy. There were no severe operative complications. The patients were randomized into 2 groups; Group A: 18 patients who had an internal stent for 3 days after the ureteroscopic lithotripsy, and group B: 20 patients with a stent for 2 weeks. The ureteroscopic lithotripsies were performed with an 8Fr. or 10Fr. ureteroscope, under intravenous propofol anesthesia. Postoperative symptom questionnaires were acquired from each patient. A radiological follow-up was performed at least 4 weeks after the stent removal in all patients. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the age, sex, stone size or usage of the instrument between the 2 groups. Of the 38 patients, 32 (84%) had discomfort associated with the indwelling stent. The most common symptom was irritative voiding symptom. There were no significant differences in the flank pain and ureteral stricture between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: There was no difference between the 3-days and 2-weeks indwelling stented groups with respect to complications. Therefore, 3 days seems to be a more adequate duration for the decrease stent related complications and symptoms after an ureteroscopic lithotripsy, with no serious intraoperative complications.
Anesthesia ; Calculi ; Consensus ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Flank Pain ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intraoperative Complications ; Lithotripsy* ; Propofol ; Prospective Studies ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Stents* ; Ureter ; Ureteroscopes ; Ureteroscopy