Cellular altered foci (CAF), hyperplastic nodules (HN) including regenerating and adenomatous nodules, and hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) were induced in Sprague-Dawley rat liver by prolonged administration of N-diethylnitrosamine (DEN, 200 ppm). Immunohistochemical expression of connexin 32 (Cx 32), cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK 4), and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was assessed for the evaluation of preneoplastic potential of CAF. Regardless the duration of DEN administration, basophilic cell foci were the most frequently observed lesion in both CAF and cellular expanding hyperplastic nodules. Eosinophilic cell foci, however, were concomitantly increased with adenomatous nodules in later experimental groups. Cx 32 showed perimembranous spot-like expression. Its number was 7.25 2.10 per cell in normal hepatocytes. CAF and adenomatous nodules showed markedly decreased Cx 32 spots. Moreover, its reduction was more prominent in HCC. PCNA-labelled hepatocytes were scattered in the most CAF, showing no significant difference between each CAF. PCNA labelling index (LI) in adenomatous nodule and HCC was markedly increased. CDK 4 was localized in the cytoplasm and/or nucleus of hepatocytes. Eosinophilic cell foci revealed more nuclear expression of CDK 4 than other types of CAF, of which expression incidence was comparable to that of adenomatous nodule. Nuclear CDK 4 expression in HN and HCC was increased, although significant difference between regenerating nodule and adenomatous nodule was not seen. In conclusion, the incidence of CDK 4 was concomitantly increased with PCNA LI, however, reciprocally decreased with Cx 32 in accordance with the advance of DEN-induced HCC in rat. Phenotypically altered foci manifested as CAF are early valuable preneoplastic marker lesion for evaluation. In addition, basophilic cell foci can be considered a discernible marker of cellular expansion within nodules. However, eosinophilic cell foci might be an indeterminate marker for the advance of DEN-induced HCC in rat.
Animals ; Basophils ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 ; Cytoplasm ; Eosinophils ; Hepatocytes ; Incidence ; Liver* ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen* ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a group intervention program on elderly people with chronic disease(s) living in the community. METHODS: This study was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest study. Participants were 101 elderly persons with hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus. The experimental group participated in an intervention program as a group while the control group participated individually, both for 16 weeks. The program involved health education, stretching exercises with thera-band and massage. The experimental group attended this program including group discussions while the control group attended the same program but without group discussions. Data were collected before and after the intervention, which went from September 1 to December 26, 2010. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Spearman's rho and repeated measure analysis of covariance. RESULTS: There were significant differences between the groups for depression (F=49.756, P<0.001) and quality of life (F=7.289, P=0.008) after the intervention program. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that intervention programs with a group approach are more effective than an individual approach for community-dwelling elderly with chronic disease. Therefore, a group approach should be considered when planning programs for elders in the community.
Aged ; Chronic Disease ; Depression ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Exercise ; Health Education ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Massage ; Quality of Life

Inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate(InsP,) is a second messenger for obilizing intracellular Cal'. It can be dephosphorylated by soluble and particulate forms on InsP, 5-phosphatase, or phosphorylated to produce inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate(InsP,) by InsP, 3-kinase. These enzymes represent possible targets for the regulation of the InsP,AnsP. signal. InsP, 3-kinase which catalyses th ATP-dependent phosphorylation of InsP, was purified from bovine brain tissue. All operation were carried out at 41C. Fresh tissure was homogenized and centrifuged. The supernatant was pooled. Proteins were precipitated from 10% polyethylene glycol, and suspended solution was applied to DEAE cellulose column for chromatography. As the result of above procedure, two isozymes of InsP, 3-kinase, I and U were obtained. Each isozyme was applied to Matriz green gel, Calmodulin-Affigel 15 column and subsequent phenyl-TSK HPLC column. Specific activites(SA) and fold of puriety were observed at each purification step of chromatography. At DEAE cellulose chromatography, SA were 1, 0.6 and 11, 4.8 nM/min/mg, and folds
Brain* ; Catalysis ; Chromatography ; Chromatography, DEAE-Cellulose ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; DEAE-Cellulose ; Inositol* ; Isoenzymes ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphotransferases* ; Polyethylene Glycols ; Second Messenger Systems

No abstract available.
Autonomic Nervous System* ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic*

A case of vesicorectal fistula, which occurred in 23 year-old male Korean soldier due to external violence was presented and literature was briefly reviewed.
Fistula* ; Humans ; Male ; Military Personnel ; Violence ; Young Adult

A clinical observation of the bladder and urethral injuries was made in the army hospital from Jan. to Dec 1968. The results were obtained as follow; 1. The bladder and urethral injuries were 2.3% of all patients treated in the hospital in the last year. 2 The bladder and urethral injuries were 23 cases of the automobile accidents, excluding 3 cases of expulsive injuries and 2 cases of falling accidents 3. The bladder and urethral injuries associated with fracture of pelvic bone were 32.1%, especially 80% in the pubic ramus fracture. 4. The incidence of urethral injury was higher than bladder injury. 5. The complications were urethral stricture (80%). impotence and etc.
Automobiles ; Erectile Dysfunction ; Hospitals, Military ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Pelvic Bones ; Urethral Stricture ; Urinary Bladder*

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular*

BACKGROUND: Hypotension occurs frequently after epidural anesthesia. Intravenous fluid or vasopressors are among treatment methods to many suggested causes. This study was undertaken retrospectively to determine if the age, weight and height of parturients are related to the local anesthetic dosage in epidural anesthesia for the cesarean section, and if the dosage of local anesthetic influence the change of blood pressure and the requirement of fluid or epherine. METHODS: Sixty-nine parturients were studied by reviewing patients' anesthetic records. During lumbar epidural anesthesia to T4 sensory level, all patients were monitored with mean arterial blood pressure, and prevented from hypotension by administration of Ringer's lactated solution. But if hypotension has been sustained in spite of rapid fluid loading, intermittent ephedrine was injected. We studied the correlation of local anesthetic dosage, decrement of mean blood pressure and total required intravenous fluid volume, and difference of these variables between cases using ephedrine and not using. RESULTS: The volume of local anesthetic to achieve a T4 sensory level was 21.20 3.81ml, which did not correlate with age, weight and height, and did not influence the decrease of mean blood pressure and the volume of administered fluid. But the patients (n=30) who needed ephedrine were adminstered significantly larger dose of the local anesthetic and showed more decrease in the mean blood pressure than those (n=39) who did not. CONCLUSIONS: The dose requirement of local anesthetic during epidural anesthesia for the cesarean section is not determined by the age, weight and height of parturients. But when larger dose of local anesthetic is administered, the patients seem to be more hypotensive and need ephedrine as well as intravenous fluid administration.
Anesthesia, Epidural* ; Arterial Pressure ; Blood Pressure ; Cesarean Section* ; Ephedrine* ; Female ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Pregnancy ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the relation between sex perception, sexual life satisfaction, and life satisfaction of the elderly. METHODS: The respondents were 227 elders aged over 65. Data were collected from February 10 to December 15, 2007 by interviews and questionnaires. RESULTS: Of the respondents, 18.8% still had sex life and 25.5% wanted to have a date. The main reason to have a date was to relieve loneliness, and the percentage of those who wanted a date was 58.3. The perception level of sex life was 2.27 (men: 2.51, women: 2.14), the satisfaction level of sex life was 2.74 (men: 2.89, women: 2.64), and the level of life satisfaction was 2.98 (men: 3.10, women: 2.92). There was a positive correlation between the perception level of sex life and the satisfaction level of sex life; a positive correlation between the satisfaction level of sex life and the level of life satisfaction; and no correlation between the perception level of sex life and the level of life satisfaction. CONCLUSION: This study provides a base supporting the usefulness of various nursing intervention programs to enhance the quality of life through making elderly people have a positive perception of sex life.
Aged* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Female ; Humans ; Loneliness ; Nursing ; Quality of Life ; Sexuality

A case of epidermal cyst arising from the frenulum of the penis in an eighteen year-old male was presented with review of literatures.
Epidermal Cyst* ; Humans ; Male ; Penis*