No abstract available.
Encephalitis* ; Prognosis*

No abstract available.
Chylothorax* ; Chylous Ascites*

BACKGROUND: To assess and report the outcomes of resuscitation, we apply the 1997 published In-Hospital Utstein Style to an actual emergency department. This study was designed to develope the data base for comparing and studing the outcomes of resuscitation. METHODS: This study was carried out in a tertiary hospital from July 1998 to June 1999. The subjects were adult patients over the age of 20 years who received resuscitation at the emergency department. After making out the protocol for the In-Hospital Utstein Style, we gathered data prospectively. RESULTS: Among 51,347 patients, 36 patients received 42 resuscitations. Forty-two(42) cases(100%) had witnessed arrest. Advance life support(ALS) intervention at the time of cardiac arrest included intravenous catheterization, 41cases(97.6 %); intravenous drug injection, 20 cases(47.6%); endotracheal intubation, 20 cases(47.6%); and artificial ventilation, 12 cases(28.6%). Immediate causes of cardiac arrest were respiratory depression, 11 cases(26.2%); hypotension, 11 cases(26.2 %); metabolic, 9 cases(21.4%); and myocardial ischemia/infarction, 5 cases(11.9%). Initial EKG ryhthms were pulseless electrical activity, 31 cases(73.8 %); ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation, 6 cases(14.3%); and asystole, 5 cases(11.9%). the average interval from cardiac arrest to initial defibrillation was 1.8+/-2.2 minutes, and the average interval from cardiac arrest to epinephrine injection was 2.6+/-3.1 minutes. The average duration of resuscitation was 22.6+/-18.4 minutes. Return of spontaneous circulation occured in 26 cases/42 case(61.9%). Of the 2 survivng patients who were discharged, 1 patient is still alive after 6 months, and the other is still alive after 1 year. CONCLUSION: Although the In-Hospital Utstein Style has many complementary factors, its results were very objective thus use of the In-Hospital Utstein Style is recommended for determining the outcomes of resuscitation.
Adult ; Catheterization ; Catheters ; Electrocardiography ; Emergencies* ; Emergency Service, Hospital* ; Epinephrine ; Heart Arrest ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Prospective Studies ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Resuscitation* ; Tertiary Care Centers ; Ventilation

BACKGROUND: Childhood and adolescent obesity, not only increases the risk of obesity into adulthood but also is a significant culprit affecting health in general. The purpose of this study was to examine the trend in body mass index (BMI) and to investigate the prediction of adolescence overweight from childhood weight status by retrospectively tracking for seven years. METHODS: The subjects, 520 adolescents aged 14 and 15 years, were recruited from a junior high school that is located in Guri-city. The subjects' height and weight measurements were extracted from the school records of annual physical examination. We assessed their BMI over a period of seven years starting at age seven. Other baseline data were obtained by questionnaires which were completed by both the subjects and their parents in 2001. RESULTS: The prevalence of overweight, according to the Korean Pediatric Society guideline, increased at age 7 through 14. The overweight adolescents of age 14 were more likely to have an obese mother. The results showed that 84% of males and 47% of females who were overweight in childhood continued to remain overweight in adolescence. Compared to the non-overweights, the relative risk of becoming an overweight adolescent among overweight boys was 5.7 (95% CI: 4.1~8.1) and among overweight girls was 6.3 (95% CI: 3.4~11.4). CONCLUSION: Approximately 70% of the overweight children continued to remain overweight as adolescents. Therefore, prevention and effective management of obesity during childhood and adolescence are essential.
Adolescent* ; Body Mass Index* ; Child* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mothers ; Obesity ; Overweight* ; Parents ; Pediatric Obesity ; Physical Examination ; Prevalence ; Retrospective Studies* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

BACKGROUND: The decisive factors influencing the eradication of H. pylori still remain unclear. It was our aim to assess H.pylori eradication rate with proton pump inhibitor based triple therapy and investigate the clinical characteristics and endoscopic factors. METHODS: We investigated 106 male patients with H.pylori- positive peptic ulcer. The patients were treated with a 1-week regimen composed of omeprazole, amoxicillin and clarithromycin. THe success of the treatment was evaluated by histology at least 4 weeks after completion of therapy. Endoscopic factor and clinical factors influencing H.pylori eradication were assessed. RESULTS: The overall eradication of H.pylori was successful in 87 of 106 patients (82%). The eradication rate was higher in those who drink or smoke, with gastric ulcer, less than 50 years old but these factors did not significantly influence the outcome of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: H.pylori eradication rate with omeprazole, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin did not differ from other studies. These results suggest that factors such as smoking, drinking, age and ulcer site did not influence the eradication rate of H.pylpori.
Amoxicillin ; Clarithromycin ; Drinking ; Helicobacter pylori* ; Helicobacter* ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Omeprazole ; Peptic Ulcer* ; Proton Pumps ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Stomach Ulcer ; Ulcer

BACKGROUND: Maintenance of volume status and treatment of hypovolemia constitute an important component of anesthetic management. A Pulse oxymeter providing a continuous display of the pulse waveform offers a new method of estimating relative volume status during positive pressure ventilation. This study was undertaken to use the pulse wave variance of a plethysmographic signal measured from a pulse oximeter as a useful tool in the assessment of volume status. METHODS: Forty patients underwent general anesthesia with controlled positive pressure ventilation. After induction, the fluid infusion rate was 100 cc/hr until the dura was opened. During the operation, fluid losses were not replaced until hemodynamic variables were printed out. In addition to standard monitoring,the arterial pressure was monitored with a radial artery catheter. Systolic pressure variation (SPV) was defined as the maximum variation in peak systolic pressure during the respiratory cycle and measured in mmHg. Plethysmographic pulse wave variation (PWV) was defined as the maximum variation in the waveform peaks during the respiratory cycle and measured in millimeters from the printed output of the pulse oximeter. SPV and PWV were printed out right after induction and right before dura opening. In addition to SPV and PWV, other hemodynamic variables (HR, MAP, CVP) were obtained. RESULTS: Heart rate, SPV and PWV increased before the dura opening compared with those after induction. PWV correlated well with SPV after fluid losses CONCLUSIONS: A Pulse oximeter which is a standard monitor in anesthesia provides a useful, noninvasive and inexpensive adjunct to the more invasive estimators of volume status.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Arterial Pressure ; Blood Pressure* ; Catheters ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Hypovolemia ; Positive-Pressure Respiration ; Radial Artery

Medical records of 139 tumors from 114 dogs that underwent surgery from May 2010 through March 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Among 114 dogs, females (64.9%) were significantly more common than males (35.1%) (p<0.05). Dogs aged 6 to 10 years were more presented than non-tumor patients, however, there was no significant difference. The mean age (±SD) was 10.3±3.0 years. Although we found no significant difference of breed predisposition, the most common breed was Maltese (19.3%), followed by Shih-Tzu (14.0%), and Yorkshire terrier (13.2%). Proportional morbidity ratios (PMRs) of mammary gland, oral cavity, and skin tumors were high in Poodles, Yorkshire terriers, and Golden retrievers, respectively. Mammary gland (36.0%) was the most common site, followed by skin and soft tissues (12.2%), oral cavity (10.8%), and digestive organs (8.6%), but there was no significant difference. The objectives of surgery were curative surgery (86.2%), biopsy (4.9%), and palliative surgery (6.5%). In this study, 123 of 139 tumors had histopathological diagnoses. Adenocarcinoma was the most common type (n=24), followed by adenoma (n=17), soft tissue sarcoma (n=13), benign mixed tumor (n=5), and others (n=64). Recurrence or suspected metastasis was identified in 26 dogs. Median survival times of malignant mammary gland tumors, skin and subcutaneous tumors, and splenic tumors were 1,563.0±1,201.7, 469, and 128 days, respectively.
Adenocarcinoma ; Adenoma ; Animals ; Biopsy ; Diagnosis ; Dogs* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mammary Glands, Human ; Medical Records ; Mouth ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Palliative Care ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Sarcoma ; Skin

OBJECTIVES: This study examined the effect of 2% chlorhexidine on the microTBS of a direct composite restoration using one-step self-etch adhesives on human dentin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-four extracted permanent molars were used. The teeth were assigned randomly to six groups (n = 10), according to the adhesive system and application of chlorhexidine. With or without the application of chlorhexidine, each adhesive system was applied to the dentin surface. After the bonding procedure, light-cure composite resin buildups were produced. The restored teeth were stored in distilled water at room temperature for 24 hours, and then cut and glued to the jig of the microtensile testing machine. A tensile load was applied until the specimen failed. The failure mode was examined using an operating microscope. The data was analyzed statistically using one-way ANOVA, Student's t-test (p < 0.05) and Scheffe's test. RESULTS: Regardless of the application of chlorhexidine, the Clearfil S3 Bond showed the highest microTBS, followed by G-Bond and Xeno V. Adhesive failure was the main failure mode of the dentin bonding agents tested with some samples showing cohesive failure. CONCLUSIONS: The application of 2% chlorhexidine did not affect the microTBS of the resin composite to the dentin using a one-step self-etch adhesive.
Adhesives ; Chlorhexidine ; Dental Cements ; Dentin ; Dentin-Bonding Agents ; Humans ; Methacrylates ; Molar ; Resin Cements ; Tooth ; Water

No abstract available.
Dexmedetomidine* ; Propofol*

No abstract available.
Dexmedetomidine* ; Propofol*