No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Tuberculosis*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Binding Sites* ; Carbon Monoxide* ; Carbon* ; Rats* ; Serotonin*

No abstract available.

PURPOSE: Emergency colorectal surgery has high rates of complications and mortality because of incomplete bowel preparation and bacterial contamination. The authors aimed to evaluate the surgical outcomes and the risk factors for the mortality and the complication rates of patients who underwent emergency surgery to treat colorectal diseases. METHODS: This is a prospective study from January 2014 to April 2016, and the results are based on a retrospective analysis of the clinical results for patients who underwent emergency colorectal surgery at Chosun University Hospital. RESULTS: A total of 99 patients underwent emergency colorectal surgery during the study period. The most frequent indication of surgery was perforation (75.8%). The causes of disease were colorectal cancer (19.2%), complicated diverticulitis (21.2%), and ischemia (27.2%). There were 27 mortalities (27.3%). The major morbidity was 39.5%. Preoperative hypotension and perioperative blood transfusion were independent risk factors for both morbidity and mortality. CONCLUSION: These results revealed that emergency colorectal surgeries are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, the independent risk factors for both morbidity and mortality in such patiients were preoperative hypotension and perioperative transfusion.
Blood Transfusion ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Colorectal Surgery* ; Diverticulitis ; Emergencies* ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Ischemia ; Mortality ; Prospective Studies ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors*

No abstract available.
Nitric Oxide* ; Paclitaxel* ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Fibronectins* ; Macrophages* ; Mycobacterium bovis* ; Nitric Oxide Synthase* ; Nitric Oxide* ; Rats* ; Urinary Bladder*

PURPOSE: Signet ring cell carcinoma is a rare type of adenocarcinoma in the colon and rectum. We evaluated the differences of clinical features between colorectal signet ring cell carcinoma and ordinary adenocarcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The clincopathologic data of 13 cases with primary colorectal signet ring cell carcinoma were reviewed. The primary colorectal signet ring cell carcinoma was diagnosed when following criteria were met: 1) the tumor was primary; 2) histologic material was adequate; 3) signet ring cells represented more than 50% of the cancer. RESULTS: Patients ranged in age from 20 to 68 (median, 45) years; 7 were male, and 6 were female. Three tumors were located in the proximal colon, 3 in the distal colon, and 7 in the rectum. There was no case that had family history. Most cases (77%) were stage III, one was stage II, and two were stage IV with peritoneal seeding. There were 9 cases that showed local recurrence or distant metastases during follow-up periods 6 cases with peritoneal seeding, 3 with bone metastases, 2 with brain metastases and 1 with pelvic recurrence (two cases had either bone and brain metastasis, and one case had bone and peritoneal seeding). Prognosis was extremely poor, and overall two years survival rate was 25%. CONCLUSION: Early onset, mode of metastasis and poor prognosis may imply the different biologic behavior of signet ring cell carcinoma, compared with ordinary adenocarcinoma. To improve outcome, early diagnosis and radical operation should be stressed.
Adenocarcinoma ; Brain ; Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell* ; Colon* ; Early Diagnosis ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prognosis ; Rectum* ; Recurrence ; Survival Rate

PURPOSE: This study was designed to establish the experimental background of intra- peritoneal hyperthermo-chemotherapy in gastrointestinal cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We established stomach cancer cell lines; KATO-III, MKN45, AMC1 and colon cancer cell lines; AMC5, AMC6, CloneA, CCL188, C106, KM-12C. We performed chemosensitivity test by using MTT assay and calculated ICso of each chemotherapeutic agent. We confirmed antitumor effect of hyperthermia at 40C and 43C and antitumor synergistic effect with each chemotherapeutic agent at 40C and 43C. RESULTS: The ICso was calculated in 7 (78%) of 9 cell lines for 5-FU, 6 (67%) for MMC, 5 (56%) for ADM, 1 (11%) for CDDP and VP-16. Antitumor effect of hyperthermia at 40C was not found, but, that at 43C was found except KATO-III and AMC6. In stomach cancer cell lines, antitumor synergistic effect of hyperthermia with anticancer drugs at 43C was found in VP-16 for MKN45 and KATO-III and in all of 5 drugs for AMC1. In colon cancer cell lines, this effect at 43C was found in all of 5 drugs for CCL188, in S-FU, CDDP, ADM for AMC5, in 5-FU, MMC, ADM, VP-16 for CloneA, KM-12C, and in 5-FU, CDDP, MMC, ADM for C106. CONCLUSION: Hyperthermia itself had antitumor effect at 43C. Hyperthermo-chemotherapy had antitumor synergistic effect, especially at 43C.
Cell Line* ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Etoposide ; Fever* ; Fluorouracil ; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms* ; Stomach Neoplasms

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to assess the relationship between long-term exposure to air pollution and lung cancer in the Republic of Korea. METHODS: Using the Annual Report of Ambient Air Quality in Korea, Annual Report of National Cancer Registration, and Annual Report on the Cause of Death Statistics, we calculated the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) and standardized incidence ratio (SIR) of lung cancer for both sexes in 74 areas from 7 Korean metropolitan cities. We performed random intercept, Poisson regression using empirical Bayes method. RESULTS: Both SMRs and SIRs in the 7 metropolitan cities were higher in women than in men. Mean SIRs were 99.0 for males and 107.0 for females. The association between PM(10) and lung cancer risk differed according to gender. PM(10) was not associated with the risk of lung cancer in males, but both incidence and mortality of lung cancer were positively associated with PM(10) in females. The estimated percentage increases in the rate of female lung cancer mortality and incidence were 27% and 65% at the highest PM(10) category (> or = 70 microgram/m(3)), compared to the referent category (<50 microgram/m(3)). CONCLUSIONS: Long-term exposure to PM(10) was significantly associated with female lung cancer incidence in 7 Korean metropolitan cities. Further study is undergoing to estimate the relative risk of PM(10) using multi-level analysis for controlling individual and regional confounders such as smoking and socioeconomic position.
Air Pollution/*adverse effects ; Environmental Exposure/*adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Korea/epidemiology ; Lung Neoplasms/*epidemiology/mortality ; Male ; Sex Distribution ; Urban Health

The zygoma is essential key element determining midface contour and symmetry. The height and width of the zygoma are changed during midfacial surgery such as reduction of fractured zygoma, esthetic malar reduction and correction of congenital midfacial deformity. The exact preoperative and postoperative evaluation of the zygoma is very important step in midfacial surgery. The estimation of height and width of the zygoma usually depends on gross feature analysis or radiographic measurement. But the results are not accurate and subjective. Several device were used for measuring the height and width of the zygoma, but those are inconvenient and difficult to use. The fracture of the zygoma is frequently combined with blow out fracture resulting enophthalmos. The simultaneous measurement of accurate malar height and degree of enophthlmos is helpful. For this reason, we developed a new zygometer with the function of exophthalmometer. This device is convenient to use and easy for comparative measurement of malar height preoperatively and immediate postoperative period, and the degree of enothphalmos is measured simultaneously with this device. This new zygometer will be applied to many midfacial surgery and craniofacial study.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Enophthalmos ; Postoperative Period ; Zygoma