No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Tuberculosis*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Binding Sites* ; Carbon Monoxide* ; Carbon* ; Rats* ; Serotonin*

No abstract available.

PURPOSE: Emergency colorectal surgery has high rates of complications and mortality because of incomplete bowel preparation and bacterial contamination. The authors aimed to evaluate the surgical outcomes and the risk factors for the mortality and the complication rates of patients who underwent emergency surgery to treat colorectal diseases. METHODS: This is a prospective study from January 2014 to April 2016, and the results are based on a retrospective analysis of the clinical results for patients who underwent emergency colorectal surgery at Chosun University Hospital. RESULTS: A total of 99 patients underwent emergency colorectal surgery during the study period. The most frequent indication of surgery was perforation (75.8%). The causes of disease were colorectal cancer (19.2%), complicated diverticulitis (21.2%), and ischemia (27.2%). There were 27 mortalities (27.3%). The major morbidity was 39.5%. Preoperative hypotension and perioperative blood transfusion were independent risk factors for both morbidity and mortality. CONCLUSION: These results revealed that emergency colorectal surgeries are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, the independent risk factors for both morbidity and mortality in such patiients were preoperative hypotension and perioperative transfusion.
Blood Transfusion ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Colorectal Surgery* ; Diverticulitis ; Emergencies* ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Ischemia ; Mortality ; Prospective Studies ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors*

No abstract available.
Nitric Oxide* ; Paclitaxel* ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Fibronectins* ; Macrophages* ; Mycobacterium bovis* ; Nitric Oxide Synthase* ; Nitric Oxide* ; Rats* ; Urinary Bladder*

PURPOSE: Signet ring cell carcinoma is a rare type of adenocarcinoma in the colon and rectum. We evaluated the differences of clinical features between colorectal signet ring cell carcinoma and ordinary adenocarcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The clincopathologic data of 13 cases with primary colorectal signet ring cell carcinoma were reviewed. The primary colorectal signet ring cell carcinoma was diagnosed when following criteria were met: 1) the tumor was primary; 2) histologic material was adequate; 3) signet ring cells represented more than 50% of the cancer. RESULTS: Patients ranged in age from 20 to 68 (median, 45) years; 7 were male, and 6 were female. Three tumors were located in the proximal colon, 3 in the distal colon, and 7 in the rectum. There was no case that had family history. Most cases (77%) were stage III, one was stage II, and two were stage IV with peritoneal seeding. There were 9 cases that showed local recurrence or distant metastases during follow-up periods 6 cases with peritoneal seeding, 3 with bone metastases, 2 with brain metastases and 1 with pelvic recurrence (two cases had either bone and brain metastasis, and one case had bone and peritoneal seeding). Prognosis was extremely poor, and overall two years survival rate was 25%. CONCLUSION: Early onset, mode of metastasis and poor prognosis may imply the different biologic behavior of signet ring cell carcinoma, compared with ordinary adenocarcinoma. To improve outcome, early diagnosis and radical operation should be stressed.
Adenocarcinoma ; Brain ; Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell* ; Colon* ; Early Diagnosis ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prognosis ; Rectum* ; Recurrence ; Survival Rate

PURPOSE: This study was designed to establish the experimental background of intra- peritoneal hyperthermo-chemotherapy in gastrointestinal cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We established stomach cancer cell lines; KATO-III, MKN45, AMC1 and colon cancer cell lines; AMC5, AMC6, CloneA, CCL188, C106, KM-12C. We performed chemosensitivity test by using MTT assay and calculated ICso of each chemotherapeutic agent. We confirmed antitumor effect of hyperthermia at 40C and 43C and antitumor synergistic effect with each chemotherapeutic agent at 40C and 43C. RESULTS: The ICso was calculated in 7 (78%) of 9 cell lines for 5-FU, 6 (67%) for MMC, 5 (56%) for ADM, 1 (11%) for CDDP and VP-16. Antitumor effect of hyperthermia at 40C was not found, but, that at 43C was found except KATO-III and AMC6. In stomach cancer cell lines, antitumor synergistic effect of hyperthermia with anticancer drugs at 43C was found in VP-16 for MKN45 and KATO-III and in all of 5 drugs for AMC1. In colon cancer cell lines, this effect at 43C was found in all of 5 drugs for CCL188, in S-FU, CDDP, ADM for AMC5, in 5-FU, MMC, ADM, VP-16 for CloneA, KM-12C, and in 5-FU, CDDP, MMC, ADM for C106. CONCLUSION: Hyperthermia itself had antitumor effect at 43C. Hyperthermo-chemotherapy had antitumor synergistic effect, especially at 43C.
Cell Line* ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Etoposide ; Fever* ; Fluorouracil ; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms* ; Stomach Neoplasms

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to assess the relationship between long-term exposure to air pollution and lung cancer in the Republic of Korea. METHODS: Using the Annual Report of Ambient Air Quality in Korea, Annual Report of National Cancer Registration, and Annual Report on the Cause of Death Statistics, we calculated the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) and standardized incidence ratio (SIR) of lung cancer for both sexes in 74 areas from 7 Korean metropolitan cities. We performed random intercept, Poisson regression using empirical Bayes method. RESULTS: Both SMRs and SIRs in the 7 metropolitan cities were higher in women than in men. Mean SIRs were 99.0 for males and 107.0 for females. The association between PM(10) and lung cancer risk differed according to gender. PM(10) was not associated with the risk of lung cancer in males, but both incidence and mortality of lung cancer were positively associated with PM(10) in females. The estimated percentage increases in the rate of female lung cancer mortality and incidence were 27% and 65% at the highest PM(10) category (> or = 70 microgram/m(3)), compared to the referent category (<50 microgram/m(3)). CONCLUSIONS: Long-term exposure to PM(10) was significantly associated with female lung cancer incidence in 7 Korean metropolitan cities. Further study is undergoing to estimate the relative risk of PM(10) using multi-level analysis for controlling individual and regional confounders such as smoking and socioeconomic position.
Air Pollution/*adverse effects ; Environmental Exposure/*adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Korea/epidemiology ; Lung Neoplasms/*epidemiology/mortality ; Male ; Sex Distribution ; Urban Health

PURPOSE: Experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) is an animal model of posterior uveitis and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a well-known anti-oxidant factor. However, there is no report a protective role of HO-1 on EAU in vivo. To verify that HO-1 is induced in EAU by interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP), that an HO-1 inducers ameliorates the associated inflammation, and that an HO-1 inhibitor exacerbates this inflammation. METHODS: Forty four Lewis rats were given either 40 mol/kg hemin or 40 mol/kg SnPP (tin protoporphyrin IX) by intraperitoneal injection and twenty two uveitis control rats were injected with 0.5 mL of saline once daily 5-20 days after IRBP immunization inducing EAU. Three normal control rats were used for Western blotting and ELISA assay of HO-1. The clinical uveitis signs of inflammation were scored in the three groups from 0 to 4 on alternate three days. To confirm the clinical results, histological and immunohistochemical stain of HO-1 were performed on the day of peak inflammation and Western blotting and ELISA assay of HO-1 were performed on 6th, 12th and 18th day after IRBP immunization. RESULTS: Hemin, an inducer of HO-1, ameliorated the clinical signs of EAU. In contrast, SnPP-treated rats show that the severity of the clinical sign were exacerbated at the peak period of the disease. These results are roughly compatible with histological, immunoblotting, and immunohistochemical evaluations and an ELISA assay of HO-1. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that HO-1 plays an important protective role in EAU.
Animals ; Autoimmune Diseases/diagnosis/*drug therapy/metabolism ; Blotting, Western ; Disease Models, Animal ; Enzyme Inhibitors/*administration & dosage ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Heme Oxygenase-1/*biosynthesis/drug effects ; Hemin/*administration & dosage ; Immunohistochemistry ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Male ; Metalloporphyrins/*administration & dosage ; Microscopy, Acoustic ; Protoporphyrins/*administration & dosage ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Lew ; Retinitis/diagnosis/*drug therapy/metabolism ; Treatment Outcome ; Uveitis, Posterior/diagnosis/*drug therapy/metabolism