BACKGROUND: Transepidermal water loss(TEWL) measurement is widely used in monitoring the degree of skin irritation. There have been many reports of site variation of TEWL between different body sites. However, there have been no reports concerning site variation on the different parts of the hand, which is important for the evaluation of hand eczema. OBJECTIVE: This study was done to better understand site variation of TEWL on the hands. METHODS: TEWL measurement has been performed on the mid-forearm and seven different sites of the hands in 20 normal human volunteers using an evaporimeter. RESULTS: A marked site variation has been observed and high values observed on most parts of the hands compared to forearms. CONCLUSION: Site selection should be seriously considered in any kind of study concerning TEWL measurement of hands.
Eczema ; Forearm ; Hand* ; Healthy Volunteers* ; Humans* ; Skin* ; Water*

No abstract availble.

Dementia is defined as a syndrome which is characterized by various impairments in cognitive functions, especially memory function, Most of the diagnostic criteria for dementia include memory impairment as no essential feature. Memory decline can be present as a consequence of the aging process, But it does not cause significant distress or impairment in social and occupational functionings while dementiadoes. Depression may also be associated with memory impairment. funcitionings while dementiadoes. Depression may also be associated with memory impairment. However, unlike dementia, depression dose not cause decrease in delayed verbal learning and recognition memory. In dementia, different features of memory impairment may be present depending on the involved area. Memory impairment in cortical dementia is affected by the disturbance of encoding of information and memory consolidation, while memory imparnene in subcrotical denentiy is affected y the disturbance of retrieval in subcortial dementia.
Aging ; Dementia ; Depression ; Humans ; Memory* ; Verbal Learning

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Tuberculosis*

Popliteal artery compression rarely occurs after posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction using the tibial inlay technique that allows for direct visualization of the surgical field. However, we experienced a popliteal artery compression after PCL reconstruction performed using the technique, which eventually required re-operation. Here, we report this rare case and discuss reasons of popliteal artery compression.
Inlays ; Popliteal Artery ; Posterior Cruciate Ligament

OBJECTIVE: Vitamin C is an essential agent for cell differentiation for cell. However, for osteogenic differentiation a combined medium of vitamin C, phosphoglyceride and dexamethasone is used. Individual effect of vitamin C can be observed in terms of cell growth and proliferation and eventual differentiation to assess the effect of this chemical agent for using as bone growth. This work investigates the dose dependent effect of vitamin C on MC3T3-E1 type pre-osteoblast cell on cell proliferation and differentiation. METHODS: To investigate the dose dependent effect of vitamin C on MC3T3-E1 type pre-osteoblast cell predetermined amount of vitamin C was added to the medium and the medium was used for cell culture and cell differentiation. Relative cell viability and cell proliferation were checked to see the effect of vitamin C. Effect of dose dependent gene expression was carried out by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction with osteogenic differentiation specific genes. RESULTS: Cell viability and cell proliferation was increased in all culture time. The pre-osteoblast cells show significantly higher expression of osteoblast formation specific gene alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and osteopontin at a higher dose of vitamin C. CONCLUSION: Higher doses of vitamin C with 50 microg/uL could significantly enhance the cell proliferation.
Alkaline Phosphatase ; Ascorbic Acid* ; Bone Development ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Survival ; Dexamethasone ; Gene Expression ; Osteoblasts* ; Osteocalcin ; Osteopontin

No abstract available.
Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Nodule*

Fungal infection has been observed with increasing frequency in recent years because the use of combinations of broad spectrum antibiotics, immunosuppressive agents, and antineoplastic agents is increasing and the survival rate of premature baby is increasing. We experienced a 3 month old male infant with anuria due to bilateral ureteropelvic fungus balls. He was born at 31 weeks gestation period and had been treated with broad spectrum antibiotics for 5 weeks after birth. We removed fungus balls surgically and made nephrostomy bilaterally. And then irrigation of amphotericn B through nephrostomy and systemic amphotercin B injection had performed for 3 weeks. Thereafter fungus balls completely disappeared.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Antineoplastic Agents ; Anuria* ; Fungi* ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; Infant* ; Male ; Parturition ; Pregnancy ; Survival Rate

Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica is a rare and usually benign disorder characterized by cartilaginous and/or osseous submucosal nodules projecting into the laryngotracheobronchial lumen. It has been an incidental finding at autopsy but nowadays it is discovered during fiberoptic bronchoscopy or chest computed tomography. We describe a case of 61-year-old man who was diagnosed to have tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica due to unpredicted difficult intubation.
Autopsy ; Bronchoscopy ; Humans ; Incidental Findings ; Intubation ; Middle Aged ; Thorax

BACKGROUND: Donor-specific blood transfusion(DSBT) before organ transplantation has been demonstrated to prolong allograft survival; the mechanism of this effect has remained unclear. Only a few researches have been performed on this subject in our country. MATERIAL AND METHOD: To investigate the effect of DSBT, we selected 5 donor recipient combinations using rats of pure strain such as PVG, ACI, and LEW. One ml of donor whole blood was transfused to each recipient through the femoral vein 7 days prior to transplantation. The donor heart was transplanted to the recipient's abdominal vessels heterotopically using modified Ono and Lindsey's microsurgical technique. Five transplantations were done for each combination. Postoperatively, donor heart beat was palpated everyday through the recipent's abdominal wall. Rejection was defined as complete cessation of donor heart beat. RESULT: The allogeneic heart grafts transplanted from PVG strain to ACI strain(PVG ACI) without DSBT were acutely rejected(mean survival 10.2 days). With pretransplant DSBT, the cardiac allografts in PVG ACI and LEW PVG combinations survived indefinitely(more than 100 days), those in ACI PVG combination survived 12 to 66 days(mean 31.8 days), those in PVG LEW survived 8 to 11 days(mean 10.0 days), and those in ACI LEW survived 7 to 9 days(mean 8.0 days). In brief, DSBT prior to heart transplantation was definitely effective in PVG ACI and LEW PVG combinations and moderately effective in ACI PVG combination, but not effective in PVG LEW and ACI LEW combinations. CONCLUSION: DSBT prior to heart transplantation showed variable effects, but might prolong cardiac allograft survival indefinitely in some donor recipient strain combinations. The mechanism of this effect should be further investigated.
Abdominal Wall ; Allografts* ; Animals ; Blood Transfusion* ; Femoral Vein ; Heart ; Heart Transplantation ; Humans ; Organ Transplantation ; Rats* ; Tissue Donors ; Transplants