Malignant mixed Mullerian tumor of the ovary is extremely rare. This is heterologous neoplasms which apparently arise from undifferentiated mullerian stroma and is composed of mixture of malignant epithelial and stromal elements. We report a case of malignant mixed mullerian tumor of the ovary with brief literature review.
Female ; Ovary*

The purpose of this study was to investigate the maximum effect and effective instillation time interval of 5% NaCl on the corneal edema. Onetenth ml of 2% lidocaine was injected intracamerally to make the corneal edema at right eyes of four rabbits, but any manipulation was not done on the left eyes. Twelve hours after the operation, one drop of 5% NaCl was instillated in both eyes and the central corneal thickness(CCT)was measured every 30 minutes until the three successive records had no demonstrable changes compared to baseline levels. Maximum effect on normal cornea and corneal edema showed at 60 minutes after the instillation of one drop of 5% NaCl;the CCT decreased by about 5% compared to preopertaive level. To evaluate the effective instillation time interval, twenty eyes of 20 white rabbits were randomly divided into 5 groups and 0.1 ml of 2% lidocaine was injected intracamerally at right eyes. In control group, they were remained without any medications and showed natural course of corneal edema. 7In group 1, they were treated with 5% NaCl every 30 minutes and in group 2, 60 minutes, in group 3, 120 minutes, and in group 4, 180 minutes. Using a ultrasonic pachymeter, CCT was measured at 30 minutes interval up to 360 minutes. In group 1, decrease of the CCT was found to be more than 5% at 60 minutes after treatment and there was 5.00~7.24% decrease of CCT up to 360 minutes. In group 2 and 3, decrease of the CCT more than 5% was found at 90 minutes after treatment and there was 3.95~6.07% decrease of CCT up to 360 minutes.In group 4, decrease of the CCT more than 5% was found at 90 minutes after treatment and there was severe fluctuation of the decrease of the CCT from 2.47% to 6.78% up to 360 minutes. In group 1, decrease of the CCT was larger than that of the others, but there was chances of the corneal epithelial toxicity and incovenience due to frequent instillation. In group 2 and 3, there was no difference between the two groups in the amounts of the decrease of the CCT, but in terms of convenience, instillation every 2 hours(120 minutes)was recommendable. Treatment with 5% NaCl every 2 hours on corneal stromal edema with normal epithelial barrier function can decrease the CCT and induce good maintenance effect.
Cornea ; Corneal Edema* ; Edema ; Lidocaine ; Ophthalmic Solutions* ; Rabbits ; Ultrasonics

A survey was conducted to determine the extent of intestinal parasite infection in Bat Dambang, Cambodia in March 2004. A total of 623 fecal specimens was collected from kindergarten and schoolchildren and examined using the formalin-ether sedimentation technique. The overall infection rate of intestinal parasites was 25.7% (boys, 26.2%; girls, 25.1%), and the infection rates of intestinal helminthes by species were as follows: Echinostoma sp. 4.8%, hookworm 3.4%, Hymenolepis nana 1.3%, and Rhabditis sp. 1.3%. The infection rates of intestinal protozoa were; Entamoeba coli 4.8%, Giardia lamblia 2.9%, Iodamoeba butschlii 1.4%, Entamoeba polecki 1.1%, and Entamoeba histolytica 0.8%. There were no egg positive cases of Ascaris lumbricoides or Trichuris trichiura. All children infected were treated with albendazole, praziquantel, or metronidazole according to parasite species. The results showed that intestinal parasites are highly endemic in Bat Dambang, Cambodia.
Adolescent ; Age Factors ; Animals ; Cambodia/epidemiology ; Child ; Feces/parasitology ; Female ; Helminthiasis/*epidemiology ; Helminths/isolation & purification ; Humans ; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/*epidemiology ; Male ; Protozoa/isolation & purification ; Protozoan Infections/*epidemiology

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) on embryonal development in in vitro culture. METHODS: This is designed in vitro model using eggs from mouse. The eggs from mouse were assigned 29 for control group, 53 for 20 ng/ml of LIF, 88 for 40 ng/ml of LIF, 68 for 80 ng/ml of LIF respectively for in vitro fertilization. And 26 fertilized eggs at 2 cell stage from mouse also were assigned. The mouse embryos of all groups were cultured in medium supplemented with LIF in different concentrations, whereas the eggs in control group was cultured in medium without supplement of LIF. RESULTS: At 72 hours culture of eggs from in vitro fertilization, there was a slight increas in rate of embryonal development to morula in both LIF-20 and LIF-40 as results of 64.15% and 75% respectively, while 42.65% in inferior rate of LIF-80, compare with 51.72% in control group. But the difference between these each groups were not significant in statistically (p< or =0.05). And after 96 hours culture of eggs, the rates blastocyst formation was significantly higher in both LIF-20 and LIF-40 as 56.6% and 63.63% than those in control and LIF-80 as 44.83% and 35.29% respectively. On culturing eggs from in vivo fertilization, the rates of blastocyst formation was significantly not only higher as 85% and 81.81% respectively in medium supplemented with LIF-40 and LIF-80 than 42.3% in LIF-20 but also embryonal cell viability were remakedly improved at 96 hours after culture. CONCLUSION: The LIF in low dose is embryotrophic, but LIF in high dose is embryotoxic on eggs from in vitro fertilization. Whereas on culturing eggs from in vivo fertilization, LIF is more beneficial with dose dependent in high concentration.
Mice ; Animals

Carcinoma of the fallopian tube account for less than 1% of all cancers of the female genital tract. Central nerve system involvement by tubal cancer is considered an uncommon event. Attention should be paid to the possibility of distant metastasis associated the tubal carcinoma in order to treat these patients promptly. We have experienced one case of fallopian tube cancer with cerebellar metastasis and reported with brief review of literature.
Brain* ; Fallopian Tube Neoplasms ; Fallopian Tubes* ; Female ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis*

BACKGROUND: Hip replacement arthroplasty (HRA) is highly traumatic and performed in a lateral position for several hours and dead-space ventilation may increase. So, the difference between arterial and end-tidal PCO2 was investigated depending on the changes in the patient's posture during HRA in elderly patients. METHODS: Forty-three patients scheduled for a HRA were divided into two groups; Adult Group (n = 21, A-Group) and Elderly Group (n = 22, E-Group). Mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), PaO2, PaCO2, and end-tidal carbon dioxide tension (P(ET)CO2) were simultaneously measured at 10 min after anesthesia in a supine position (S[10]), at 30 min intervals from 30 min (L[30]) to 180 min (L[180]) in a lateral position and at 10 min in a supine position after the end of surgery (ES[10]) in both groups. The PaCO2-P(ET)CO2 gradient (P[a-ET]CO2) and dead space ventilation (Vd/ Vt) were calculated. RESULTS: At S(10), P(a-ET)CO2 in the A- and E-Groups was 7.0 +/- 5.0 and 7.2 +/- 3.3 mmHg respectively. From L(30) to ES(10), the P(a-ET)CO2 and the ratio of Vd/Vt in both groups increased significantly and progressively (P < 0.05 vs the control value) and the slope in the E-Group rose two times as compared to that in the A-Group. The correlation coefficient between P(a)CO2 and P(ET)CO2 was very significant from S(10) to L(90) and ES(10) in the A-Group, and from S(10) to L (60) in the E-Group (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: For maintaining adequate ventilation of the elderly patient during HRA, PaCO2 should be measured intermittently along with the position changes after anesthesia in addition to the constant monitoring of PETCO2.
Adult ; Aged* ; Anesthesia ; Arterial Pressure ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip* ; Carbon Dioxide ; Heart Rate ; Hip* ; Humans ; Posture ; Supine Position ; Ventilation

OBJECTIVES: Two related cases of Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome (HUS) were reported to the Korea National Institute of Health in May, 2001. Shiga toxin 2 genes were detected in both stool samples. We suspected an enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) infection as the cause of the HUS, and conducted an investigation to find the source of the infection and its route of transmission. METHODS: We performed case investigations on these two related HUS cases, and obtained interviews and rectal swabs form the family members and other close contacts. Additionally, we performed rectal swabs on the cattle raised by the household of the index patient. RESULTS: We found a 20 month old index patient and a 6 year-old cousin had developed HUS, where there had been a 2 day history of contact with the index, and bacteriological examinations for these two patients revealed, indistinguishably, the same E. coli O171. The grandmother of the index patient was found to be asymptomatic, but E. coli O26 was isolated. We also found a probable case in the mother of the cousin. She reported a history of contact with the index, and developed bloody diarrhea of 3 days duration. The test results for the cattle revealed E. coli O26 in one cow, and E. coli O26 and O55 in another. E. coli O26, which was isolated in both cows and the grandmother of the index, were indistinguishably the same. CONCLUSIONS: We found that the E. coli O26 in the grandmother had originated from the cows, and that the E. coli O171 found in the index patient had been transmitted to the cousin through person-to-person contact.
Animals ; Cattle ; Diarrhea ; Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli* ; Family Characteristics ; Grandparents ; Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome ; Humans ; Korea* ; Mothers ; Shiga Toxin 2 ; Zoonoses

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between the presence of apolipoprotein E (Apo E) 4 allele and bone mineral density (BMD) and severity of joint destruction in postmenopausal women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS: Apo E genotypes were analyzed in 113 postmenopausal women who were first diagnosed with RA and had not receiving antiresorptive therapy for osteoporosis at the time of enrollment. BMD was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), and joint destruction was evaluated on plain radiographs according to 'Larsen score'. The differences in BMD and severity of joint destruction in groups with and without an Apo E4 allele were analyzed in 94 patients with clinical information available. RESULTS: BMD (g/cm2) of the lumbar spine in the Apo E4 (-) group was 0.94+/-0.16 (n=67), whereas that in the Apo E4 (+) group was 0.87+/-0.14 (n=27; p=0.049). BMD of the femoral neck and great trochanter in the Apo E4 (-) group was 0.74+/-0.12 and 0.63+/-0.11, while that in the Apo E4 (+) group was 0.68+/-0.11 (p=0.039) and 0.57+/-0.11 (p=0.008). However, there were no significant differences in Larsen scores and erosive disease (%) between the Apo E4 (+) and Apo E4 (-) groups. CONCLUSION: The Apo E4 allele is associated with a reduced bone mass in postmenopausal RA patients. Therefore, Apo E4 allele is considered to be an independent risk factor for generalized osteoporosis in postmenopausal RA patients.
Absorptiometry, Photon ; Alleles ; Apolipoprotein E4 ; Apolipoproteins E ; Apolipoproteins* ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid* ; Bone Density* ; Female ; Femur ; Femur Neck ; Genotype ; Humans ; Joints ; Osteoporosis ; Polymorphism, Genetic* ; Risk Factors ; Spine

Angiotensin II(A II) -a main effector molecule of renin-angiotensin system(RAS) has been known to increase blood pressure and glomerular capillary pressure, and filtration fraction which may be involved in the progressive renal injury process. The action of A II takes place mainly through AT1 receptor. RAS can be blocked by angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor(ACEI) and recently developed A II AT1 receptor antagonist(AT1 RA). ACEI also activate kinin system, simultaneously. However, AT1 RA does not affect kinin system. The renoprotective mechanism of ACEI may be related with activation of kinin system. In order to evaluate the renoprotective mechanism of long-term ACEI(enalapril, 100mg/L in drinking water for 12 weeks) or AT1 RA treatment(losartan 300mg/L in drinking water for 12 weeks), and its effect on the cytokines and growth factor expressions of renal cortical tissue by compatitive RT-PCR, 46 5/6 nephrectomized(5/6 NPX) rats and 8 sham operated rats were included in this study. Five sixth NPX rats showed marked hypertensin, significant proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis(mean 30.5%) in 12 weeks after surgery. However, enelapril or losartan treated rats revealed significantly lower 24 hour urinary protein excretion(UProtV), systolic blood pressure(SBP), and glomerulosclerosis than those of control 5/6 NPX rats. Plasma renin activity and angiotensin II levels of 5/6 NPX untreated control rats were not significantly increased compared to sham operated rats in 12 week after surgery. Renal cortical renin gene expression of untreated 5/6 NPX rats was significantly suppressed compared to sham operated rats. Enalapril or losartan treated 5/6 NPX rats showed significantly increased renin gene expression compared to untreated 5/6 NPX rats. Renal cortical gene expressions of TGF-beta, TNF-alpha, MCP-1, IL-6, osteopontin, and endothelin-1 were significantly increased in 5/6 NPX untreated control rats compared to sham operated rats. Enalapril or losartan treated 5/6 NPX rats showed significantly less level of renal TGF-beta gene expression compared to 5/6 NPX control rats. The magnitude of SBP and UProtV were significantly positively correlated with the degree of glomeruloslerosis(p<0.001, p<0.001). With the above result, we speculate that because ACEI or AT1 RA showed similar renoprotective effect in 5/6 NPX rats, at least in part, local activation of RAS plays an important role in the progressive renal injury process of this model.
Angiotensin Amide ; Angiotensin II ; Angiotensins ; Animals ; Blood Pressure ; Capillaries ; Cytokines ; Drinking Water ; Enalapril ; Endothelin-1 ; Filtration ; Gene Expression ; Interleukin-6 ; Losartan ; Osteopontin ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A ; Plasma ; Proteinuria ; Rats ; Renin ; Renin-Angiotensin System* ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Angiotensin II(A II) -a main effector molecule of renin-angiotensin system(RAS) has been known to increase blood pressure and glomerular capillary pressure, and filtration fraction which may be involved in the progressive renal injury process. The action of A II takes place mainly through AT1 receptor. RAS can be blocked by angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor(ACEI) and recently developed A II AT1 receptor antagonist(AT1 RA). ACEI also activate kinin system, simultaneously. However, AT1 RA does not affect kinin system. The renoprotective mechanism of ACEI may be related with activation of kinin system. In order to evaluate the renoprotective mechanism of long-term ACEI(enalapril, 100mg/L in drinking water for 12 weeks) or AT1 RA treatment(losartan 300mg/L in drinking water for 12 weeks), and its effect on the cytokines and growth factor expressions of renal cortical tissue by compatitive RT-PCR, 46 5/6 nephrectomized(5/6 NPX) rats and 8 sham operated rats were included in this study. Five sixth NPX rats showed marked hypertensin, significant proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis(mean 30.5%) in 12 weeks after surgery. However, enelapril or losartan treated rats revealed significantly lower 24 hour urinary protein excretion(UProtV), systolic blood pressure(SBP), and glomerulosclerosis than those of control 5/6 NPX rats. Plasma renin activity and angiotensin II levels of 5/6 NPX untreated control rats were not significantly increased compared to sham operated rats in 12 week after surgery. Renal cortical renin gene expression of untreated 5/6 NPX rats was significantly suppressed compared to sham operated rats. Enalapril or losartan treated 5/6 NPX rats showed significantly increased renin gene expression compared to untreated 5/6 NPX rats. Renal cortical gene expressions of TGF-beta, TNF-alpha, MCP-1, IL-6, osteopontin, and endothelin-1 were significantly increased in 5/6 NPX untreated control rats compared to sham operated rats. Enalapril or losartan treated 5/6 NPX rats showed significantly less level of renal TGF-beta gene expression compared to 5/6 NPX control rats. The magnitude of SBP and UProtV were significantly positively correlated with the degree of glomeruloslerosis(p<0.001, p<0.001). With the above result, we speculate that because ACEI or AT1 RA showed similar renoprotective effect in 5/6 NPX rats, at least in part, local activation of RAS plays an important role in the progressive renal injury process of this model.
Angiotensin Amide ; Angiotensin II ; Angiotensins ; Animals ; Blood Pressure ; Capillaries ; Cytokines ; Drinking Water ; Enalapril ; Endothelin-1 ; Filtration ; Gene Expression ; Interleukin-6 ; Losartan ; Osteopontin ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A ; Plasma ; Proteinuria ; Rats ; Renin ; Renin-Angiotensin System* ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha