The lung is a common site for metastasis of malignant tumors from other organs. The metastatic cascade is a complex process that involves a series of events. Tumors can spread to the lung through hematogenous or lymphangitic routes. In the absence of extrathoracic metastasis, complete resection is associated with increased survival, regardless of histology. With appropriate patient selection, life expectancy is often improved with pulmonary metastasectomy. Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) are 2 approaches that have been increasingly reported for pulmonary tumors. Although these new therapies have yet to match the long-term success rates of surgical therapy, the techniques demonstrate good results in treating high-risk surgical candidates with metastatic lesions to the lungs that would otherwise be considered with resection. This review will focus on the role of local therapy in oligometastasis that arise in the lung.
Life Expectancy ; Lung ; Metastasectomy ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Patient Selection

Protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) is a syndrome characterized by excessive gastrointestinal protein loss, resulting in hypoproteinemia and edema. A variety of benign and malignant conditions can be associated with PLE and acute leukemia is a very rare cause of PLE. We report a case of PLE associated with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. A 27-year-old man was admitted due to watery diarrhea, epigastric pain and bilateral leg edema. Laboratory findings showed hypoproteinemia and polycythemia. The diagnosis of PLE and acute lymphoblastic leukemia were confirmed on the measurement of fecal alpha1-antitrypsin clearance and bone marrow examination. After systemic chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation, his clinical symptoms and abnormal laboratory findings were gradually improved.
Adult ; Bone Marrow Cells/pathology ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/complications/*diagnosis/genetics ; Protein-Losing Enteropathies/complications/*diagnosis ; Thoracic Vertebrae/radiography ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Translocation, Genetic ; alpha 1-Antitrypsin/analysis

The idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome consists of peripheral blood eosinophilia of 1500/mm3 or more without a known cause, plus signs and symptoms of organ eosinophilia. The prognosis of HES without treatment is poor. However, about one third of the patients with this syndrome may respond to corticosteroid thrapy. Morever, the majority of the remainder may have a favorable response to hydroxyurea. We present here a case of hypereosinophilic syndrome without any identifiable causes, involving bone marrow, liver, lungs and cervical lymph node. We tried corticosteroid as a treatment but it showed no response. However the hydroxyurea showed good response.
Bone Marrow ; Eosinophilia ; Humans ; Hydroxyurea ; Hypereosinophilic Syndrome ; Liver ; Lung ; Lymph Nodes ; Prognosis

PURPOSE: We have examined the expression of c-erbB-2 oncogene in sera and tissues of non-small cell lung cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Serum levels of c-erbB-2 protein were measured by an enzyme im munoassay in 55 patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Sera from patients with surgical therapy were evaluated again after surgery. Immunohistochemical staining was performed in 47 of these tumors. RESULTS: Elevated levels (> or =45 U/mL, control mean 2SD) were observed in 15% of 55 non-small cell lung cancer patients, as compared with none of control subjects (p<0.05). The incidence of elevated level was higher in the adenocarcinoma than squamous cell carcinoma (22% vs 4%, p<0.01). The serum levels of c-erbB-2 protein decreased significantly after surgical tumor ablation (p<0.01). Tissue overexpression was obtained in 23/47 cases (49%). The incidence of c-erbB-2 overexpression was higher in the adenocarcinoma (73% vs 29%, p<0.005). No relationship was found between c-erbB-2 protein expression in serum and tumor tissue and clinicopathologic feature. Elevated serum c-erbB-2 levels predicted tissue overexpression with sensitivity 30% and specificity 96%. There was relationship between serum level and expression in tumor tissue of c-erbB-2 protein. CONCLUSION: Serum and tissue levels of c-erbB-2 correlate in patients with non-small cell carcinoma. Serum c-erbB-2 protein may be a useful indicator of tumor burden in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.
Adenocarcinoma ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung* ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Humans ; Incidence ; Oncogenes ; Receptor, erbB-2* ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Tumor Burden

Renal cell carcinoma is well known for its tendency to metastasize early to the lung, bone, and liver, but skeletal muscle is an extremely unusual site of metastasis. We report here on an unusual case with numerous skeletal muscle metastases in the posterior abdominal wall and buttock 2 years after radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma.
Abdominal Wall ; Buttocks ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell* ; Liver ; Lung ; Muscle, Skeletal* ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Nephrectomy*

A central nervous system (CNS) relapse is a rare but mostly fatal complication in patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). CNS involvement can occur as an isolated event or can be combined with progression of systemic disease. There are limited data on treatment outcomes of patients with DLBCL and secondary CNS involvement. We report the clinical data, treatments, and outcomes of two DLBCL patients with isolated CNS relapses involving the brain parenchyma. Isolated CNS disease involving the brain parenchyma may be potentially treatable as the initial relapse site after complete remission from systemic treatment.
Brain* ; Central Nervous System ; Central Nervous System Diseases ; Humans ; Lymphoma, B-Cell* ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; Recurrence*

BACKGROUND: The possibility of cord blood transplantation in adults was limited by the amount of cord blood that could be collected. Cord blood transplantation after ex vivo expansion with cytokines have already been tried in adults. Amifostine is a phosphorylated aminothiol that affords broad cytoprotection from the myelosuppressive effects of antineoplastic agents. The purposes of this study were to investigate expansion of progenitor and myeloid cells after ex vivo culture of mononuclear cells (MNCs) in umbilical cord blood with growth factor and characterize hematopoietic activities of amifostine. METHODS: MNCs were cultured and ex vivo expanded into myeloid progenitors by using hematopoietic growth factors (IL-1beta, IL-3, IL-6, G-CSF, GM-CSF, SCF, EPO) which are known to stimulate differentiation and proliferation of myeloid progenitors. MNCs exposed to the appropriate amount of amifostine for 15 min were cultured in semisolid media and harvested at 24h intervals, and then apoptosis was assessed by propidium iodide staining. RESULTS: Myeloid colonies were successfully produced from MNCs. Maximal expansion was obtained with the combination of IL-3+SCF+G-CSF+GM-CSF. SCF was thought to be the most important growth factor for expansion of myeloid progenitor. Pretreatment with amifostine for 15 min stimulated formation of hematopoietic colonies at clinically relevant concentrations ranging from 1 to 100 micrometer. Increase in colony number compare to control were comparable after pretreatment with amifostine (10micrometer), and CFU-GEMM and BFU-E were highly responsive. Further enhancement of colony was not observed after prolonging the duration of pre- incubation exposure to 1, 8 and 24 hours. Amifostine enhanced IL-1 and IL-3 induced formation of CFU-GEMM and BFU-E. Incubation of MNCs with amifostine in suspension culture increased recovery of secondary colonies. Treatment with amifostine retarded cell loss and apoptosis, and promoted cell survival at 24, 48 and 72 hours in cytokine-deficient medium. CONCLUSION: Cord blood MNCs can be successfully expanded into myeloid progenitors by using hematopoietic growth factors. This investigation extend the previously recognized hematologic effects of amifostine, and indicate that in addition to its cytoprotective properties, amifostine is a stimulant of hematopoietic progenitor growth.
Adult ; Amifostine* ; Antineoplastic Agents ; Apoptosis ; Cell Survival ; Cytokines ; Cytoprotection ; Erythroid Precursor Cells ; Fetal Blood ; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor ; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor ; Humans ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Interleukin-1 ; Interleukin-3 ; Interleukin-6 ; Myeloid Cells ; Myeloid Progenitor Cells ; Propidium

Interstitial pneumonia occurs in approximately 25% of patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome. Interstitial pneumonia combined with primary Sjogren's syndrome usually responds well to systemic steroids, and fatal cases are rare. Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia shows diffuse infiltration of polyclonal B and T cells. Autologous stem cell transplantation is performed in cases of primary Sjogren's syndrome as an optional treatment when the condition responds poorly to conventional treatment. The hypothesis that primary Sjogren's syndrome improves after transplantation relies on the role of B-cell abnormalities in pathogenesis or the strong effects of immunosuppressive therapy. We experienced the case of a patient diagnosed with primary Sjogren's syndrome and lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia progression refractory to conventional treatment (steroid and immunosuppressive drugs) and cyclophosphamide pulse therapy. Our patient demonstrated improvement of lung manifestations and autoimmune disease activity after autologous stem cell transplantation.
Autoimmune Diseases ; B-Lymphocytes ; Cyclophosphamide ; Humans ; Lung ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial ; Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation ; Sjogren's Syndrome ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; Steroids ; T-Lymphocytes ; Transplants

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical manifestations and efficacy of treatment regimens in order to determine the adequate combination of anti-tuberculotic agent and duration of treatment for tuberculous lymphadenitis. METHODS: We made a review of 373 patients with tuberculous lymphadenitis, who were admitted to four medical college hospitals in Taegu Korea from 1989 to 1998, and their diagnoses were confirmed histologically and bacteriologically. RESULTS: The incidence of tuberculous lymphadenitis was 71.3% in women and 57.7% were between the ages of 20 and 39 years. The most common symptom was painless swelling. The most commonly involved lymph nodes were unilateral superficial cervical lymph node groups. Tuberculous lymphadenitis was accompanied with active pulmonary tuberculosis, commonly. The sensitivity of fine needle aspiration(FNA) in tuberculous lymphadenitis was 79.6% and 92.2% of the patients had a strong positive reaction to the tuberculin skin test. The most commonly prescribed anti-tuberculotic regimen was the combination of INF, RMP, EMB and PZA(62.6%). Eighty percent of patient were treated for 9-12 months. There was no significantly difference in the recurrence rate of tuberculous lymphadenitis between the combinations of anti-tuberculotic agent, including INF and RMP, and between the durations of treatment, for a period of 6 months of treatment, for a period of 6 months of more. CONCLUSION: The combination of FNA cytologic examination and tuberculin skin test may be helpful in the diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis. We propose that the combination of anti-tuberculotic agents, INH, RMP, EMB, and PZA, be prescribed to patients for 6 to 9 months.
Daegu ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Lymph Nodes ; Needles ; Recurrence ; Skin Tests ; Tuberculin ; Tuberculosis, Lymph Node* ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

The nephrotic syndrome that occurs in the absence of renal vein thrombosis, amyloidosis, neoplastic infiltration of the kidneys is an unusual but a well recognized paraneoplastic syndrome. The most frequently reported neoplasms associated with nephrotic syndrome are Hodgkin's disease and various carcinomas. The most common renal lesions are membranous glomerulonephritis(MGN) associated with carcinomas and minimal change lesions associated with Hodgkin's disease. Approximately 40% to 45% of patients clinically manifest the MGN symptoms prior to the diagnosis of the tumor, 40% simultaneously with the tumor and the remaining 15% to 20% following the tumor. Therefore, evaluating the underlying malignancy in patients with MGN is important. Here we report a patient with squamous cell lung cancer, which was detected 12 months after a MGN had been diagnosed, with a review of the relevant literature.
Amyloidosis ; Diagnosis ; Glomerulonephritis, Membranous* ; Hodgkin Disease ; Humans ; Kidney ; Lung Neoplasms* ; Lung* ; Nephrotic Syndrome ; Paraneoplastic Syndromes ; Renal Veins ; Thrombosis