No abstract available.
Humans ; Violence*

Industrial glues, known as 'Bonds' in Korea, contain many kinds of organic solvents, and glue sniffing of youths became one of the social problems in Korea. Mixed exposures to solvents by glue sniffing may induce chronic toxicities different from those by exposures to solvents of single component. To test effects of the glue sniffing on weight gain or central nervous system, two groups of 20 male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to air(control group) or vapors of the glues to narcotic status(exposed group), and weight check, tail flick test, hot plate test, rotarod treadmill test were done on the 14th, 24th, 36th, 45th, 53rd, 86th, 102nd, 117th, 134th and 151st days after the first exposure. On the 188th day, their brains were excised and examined by a pathologist. Weight gain, controlled against time change, showed significant difference between the groups, but response times in tail flick test, hot plate tests, and rotarod treadmill test didn't. In pathological examination with blind method, no macroscopic or microscopic difference were found between the two groups. These results suggests that organic lesion in central nervous system may not ensue glue sniffing, but, before firm conclusion, more studies in various exposure conditions should be followed.
Adhesives* ; Adolescent ; Animals ; Brain ; Central Nervous System* ; Exercise Test ; Humans ; Inhalant Abuse* ; Korea ; Male ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reaction Time ; Rotarod Performance Test ; Social Problems ; Solvents ; Weight Gain

No abstract available.
Cadmium Poisoning* ; Cadmium* ; Zinc*

OBJECTIVE: Base on clinical practice, the authors report a case of tardive dyskinesia arising during the course of treatment with resperidal. METHODS: This article was review and analysis of a case on risperidone-induced tardive dyskinea. RESULTS: Mrs K, a 51-year-old women with a 1-year history of schizophrenic disorder, gradually developed tardive dyskinetic movement of the mouth, lip, and tongue over a 4 month period(From July 1996 to June 1997) while taking risperidone. Initially she was treated with haloperidol and alprazolam. However, the haloperidol was subsequently discontinued because of EPS developed. From 11th March 1997, she was observed to have a severe form of tardive dyskinesia involving her tongue, lip, and mouth. After risperidone was withdrawn at 9th May 1997, her tardive dyskinetic movement was disappeared. CONCLUSIONS: This is, to our knowledge, the first report of the onset of tardive dyskinesia in a patient taking risperidone. However, additional controlled studies of specific questions are needed ; e.g., the dose-response curves for produce tardive dyskinesia and the mechanism of producing risperidone-induced tardive dyskinea and so on.
Alprazolam ; Female ; Haloperidol ; Humans ; Lip ; Middle Aged ; Mouth ; Movement Disorders* ; Risperidone ; Schizophrenia ; Tongue

BACKGROUND: Herpes zoster(HZ), caused by reactivation of latent varicella-zoster virus, is manifested by dermatomal distribution of skin rashes, acute pain and post-herpetic neuralgia by pathologic involvement of the sensory ganglia. Low-energy laser(LEL) deliver a small amount of energy without elevation of the tissue temperature. LEL is reported to have various biologic effects such as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, regenerative, antiallergic, immunocorrective, and antibacterial effects. OBJECTIVE: We attempted to evaluate the therapeutic effect of LEL on an acute phase of HZ. METHODS: A total of 60 patients with acute HZ were enrolled in the study. The control group(30 patients) received medications including analgesics, antihistamine, and topical care without LEL irradiation. The experimental group(30 patients) were irradiated with LEL daily for 7 days in addition to the same kinds of medications for the control group. The efficacy of LEL irradiation for HZ was assessed by analyzing changes in skin rashes, pain scores, and postherpetic neuralgia.
Acute Pain ; Analgesics ; Exanthema ; Ganglia, Sensory ; Herpes Zoster* ; Herpesvirus 3, Human ; Humans ; Neuralgia ; Neuralgia, Postherpetic

PURPOSE: Asphyxia is the most common cause of neurologic sequelae in perinatal period. We hoped to help other clinicians by investigating factors affecting neurologic outcome in asphyxiated term babas. METHODS: A clinical study of factors affecting neurologic outcome was made on 120 patients, who were asphyxiated term baby. They admitted to neonatal intensive care unit of Chungnam National University Hospital from January, 1995 to December, 1996. RESULTS: There was no significant correlation in neurologic outcome and gestational age, delivery type, sex, birth weight, one minute Apgar score. Five minute Apgar score had influence on neurologic outcome. Presence of acidemia had influence on neurologic outcome. Mental status and seizure influenced on neurologic outcome. Poor neurologic outcome was prone to come in the presence of prolonged duration of abnormal mental function or a repetitive seizure not controlled immediately. There was poor neurologic outcome in the patients who have abnormal findings on EEG, CT, and neurosonography. In addition, there was poor neurologic outcome in congenital heart disease patients. All of above had statistical significance. CONCLUSION: Now, we can obtain much benefit by monitoring clinical course such as five minute Apgar score, mental change, and seizure. And, we can obtain much benefit by monitoring acidemia and perform EEG, CT and neurosonography.
Apgar Score ; Asphyxia ; Birth Weight ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Electroencephalography ; Gestational Age ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Hope ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Seizures

Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin arises mostly in the head and neck regions, less frequently in the rest of the body, and rarely in the palms and soles. We report a case of a 6S-year-old man who had had time-sequential development of multiple squamous cell carcinomas on his palms and soles for the past 12 years. These lesions were, in order of time, ulcerative nodules, ulcerative hyperkeratotic papules, hyperkeratotic plaques, maceratied plaques, dark discolored patchs, and hyperkeratotic papules. They were treated by total excision and cryotherpy apart from the last squatnous cell carcinoma in 1994.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Head ; Neck ; Skin ; Ulcer

Cortical dysplasia is a cause of intractable epilepsy and a candidate for surgical resection to control epileptic attacks. The neuronal cytomegaly and balloon cell change are the diagnostic hallmarks of cortical dysplasia. Little research has been performed about the normal-sized dysplastic neuron which has complex arborizing dendrites and lacks in its polarity. The aim of this study was to define the histopathologic characteristics of the neurons in cortical dysplasia. Twelve cases of cortical dysplasia who underwent partial lobectomy for intractable seizures were selected and immunohistochemical staining for NF-M/H, MAP2, tau, and ubiquitin was performed. The perikarya and dendrite of dysplastic neurons were more intensely labeled with antibodies for the high and medium molecular weight neurofilament proteins (NF-M/H) than normal neurons. Immunoreactivity with the MAP2 antibody expressed mainly within the somatodendritic regions was present in the dysplastic or normal neurons without any significant difference in intensity. The complex arborizing dendrites of dysplastic neurons were easily identified due to pronounced immunoreactivity within the somatodendritic regions. Immunoreactivity with the primary antibody against tau and ubiquitin was present in the normal-looking neurons as well as the dysplastic neurons. This study suggests that the dysplastic neurons in cortical dysplasia are accompanied by changes of cytoskeletal neurofilaments, and the immunohistochemical stains for NF-M/H, MAP2, tau, and ubiquigin are useful to detect them.
Antibodies ; Coloring Agents ; Dendrites ; Epilepsy ; Malformations of Cortical Development* ; Molecular Weight ; Neurofilament Proteins ; Neurons ; Seizures ; Ubiquitin

Sodium nitroprusside(SNP) is used to induce hypotension for a wide variety of indica- tions. Ordinarily, blood pressure responds sensitively to infusion of SNP in low doses, but occasioally resistance is seen, and actual tachyphylaxis during SNP infusion has been reported. To investigste the continuous infusion rates of SNP, we retrospectively reviewed 144 cases of spinal fusion operations which had been performed under deliberate hypotensive anesthesia (mean arterial pressure at 50-60 mmHg). To produce deliberate hypotension, The mean dose of SNP was 17.16 mg, the mean infusion time 283.85 minutes, and the average infusion rates 1.05 ug/kg/min. Patients who received csptopril required less SNP than untreated patients(0.95 vs 1.23 ug /kg/min., p<0.05). Isovolemic hemodilution also reduced aversge infusion rates of SNP (0. 87 vs 1.22ug/kg/min., p<0.05). There were, however, no significant differences in preoperative hypertention vs normotension, mild hypothermia vs. normothermia during the operation, and male vs. female. In addition, the average infusion rates of SNP were significantly correlated with body mass index(r=0.3329, p<0.01). But those were not correlated with age, infusion time of SNP, weight, volume of transfusion, height/age, and height.
Anesthesia* ; Arterial Pressure ; Blood Pressure ; Female ; Hemodilution ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Hypothermia ; Male ; Nitroprusside ; Retrospective Studies ; Sodium* ; Spinal Fusion ; Tachyphylaxis

Melanoacanthoma is an extremely rare pigmented benign mixed epithelial tumor of both melanocytes and keratinocytes. A 52-year-old female presented an asymptomatic, slightly elevated, 1. 2 cm x 0. 8 cm, dark black-colored plaque on her right buttock of 2 years' duration. Histopathologic finding of the plaque shows hyperkeratosis, focal parakeratosis, follicular plugging, acanthosih, papillomatosis and pseudo-horn cyst in the epidermis. The tumor is composed of basaloid and squarnous cells with many foci of clusters and whorls of melanin pigment-laden cells. Electron microscopic finding reveals many scattered melanocytes in the entire epidermis. Melanin granules are found mostly in the melanocytes but can also be found in a few keratinocytes.
Buttocks ; Epidermis ; Female ; Humans ; Keratinocytes ; Melanins ; Melanocytes ; Middle Aged ; Papilloma ; Parakeratosis