BACKGROUND: During the past half century we have learned much about the functions of the stratum corneum but very little has been proven. Stratum corneum daes not represent the anatomy of this layer in the usual formalira fixed histological preparation. Several techniques have been developed over, the past decades to study the desquamating portion of the humain stratum corneum. There are several methods to measure the serface area of keratinocyte such as a plar,imeter, a graphic tablet and an automatic cytographic counter. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to find out the accuracy of different measuring devices. METHOD: Standard figures such as a pentagon, a hexagon and a circle, simulating the figure of keratinocyte are used toneasure srea. Repeated measurements of the areas by planimeter, graphic tablet and automatic cytographic counter were analysed by statiatic. RESULT: The planimeter had the advantage of measuring the entire visible area by microscope and a low mean absolute percent error (MAPE) (0.3%), but it needed skill to reduce error and more MAPE (0.5%). Graphic tablet was less time consuming, but had similar advantages of the plarimeter, and needed also skill. On the other hand, the automatic cytographic counter(YK-1) had a very short measuring time and needed less skill, but required good contrast stairing of in order to measure area. CONCLUSION: Comparing the accurracy of three measuring devices of area, the MAPE of the planimeter was 0.3%, the MAPE of YK-1 was 0.5% and the MAPE of graphic tablet was 0.5%.
Hand ; Keratinocytes

No abstract available.
Hypertension* ; Joints*

No abstract available.
Consciousness* ; Neurosciences* ; Philosophy*

No abstract available.
Korea*

No abstract available.

The nuclear protein p53 is a tumor suppressor gene product that functions in pathways of cell cycle control and in the repair of damaged DNA. The MDM2 gene codes for a cellular protein that can complex the p53 gene product and negatively regulate its function. Interestingly an autoregulatory feedback loop is set up to regulate the activity of p53 protein and MDM2 gene expression. To evaluate the role of p53 and MDM2 proteins in thyroid carcinogenesis, the author tried immunohistochemical studies in the paraffin embedded sections of 58 thyroid carcinoma cases, including 30 papillary carcinomas, 20 follicular carcinomas, and 8 undifferentiated carcinomas. p53 protein expression was found in 8 cases (26.7%) of papillary carcinomas. It was found in all the cases of undifferentiated carcinomas and not found in the follicular carcinomas. The staining intensity and the frequency scores were more prominent in undifferentiated carcinomas. MDM2 protein expression was found in only 6 cases of papillary carcinomas. It was not expressed in follicular carcinomas or undifferentiated carcinomas. The staining intensity is less than moderate and the frequency score was usually focal. In papillary carcinomas, the correlation of p53 and MDM2 expression was insignificant. In conclusion, p53 may play a major role in tumorigenesis or the progression of undifferentiated carcinomas, but not in the other carcinomas. As compared with papillary carcinomas, follicular carcinomas are regarded as taking a different carcinogenetic pathway. The overexpression of p53 and MDM2 proteins in papillary carcinomas is presumed not to be necessarily correlated with the p53-MDM2 complex formation.
Carcinogenesis ; Carcinoma ; Carcinoma, Papillary ; Cell Cycle Checkpoints ; DNA ; Gene Expression ; Genes, p53 ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Nuclear Proteins ; Paraffin ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2* ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Neoplasms*

No abstract available.
Drug Therapy* ; Hypertension*

No abstract available.
Jurisprudence*

No abstract available.
Japan*

No abstract available.
Japan*