No abstract available.
Diskectomy*

No abstract available.
Cesarean Section* ; Female ; Pregnancy

No abstract available.
Abruptio Placentae* ; Female ; Pregnancy

BACKGROUND: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) induce lipid peroxidation and tissue damage in the isolated rabbit thoracic aorta. The aim of this study was to explore the influence of the propofol and midazolam against ROS in the isolated rabbit thoracic aortic endothelium. METHODS: Eighteen white male rabbits (weighing 2.0-2.5 kg) were used. The thoracic aorta was dissected free and cut into rings (3-4 mm) and then suspended in a organ bath filled with 10 ml Krebs solution bubbled with 5% CO2 95% O2 at 37 degrees C. Aortic rings were then equilibrated for 90 min, and a resting tension of 1.5 g was applied. The Krebs solution was changed every 15 min. Isometric tension was recorded with transducer coupled to a data acqusition system (Biopac Inc. USA) on a PC. After precontraction with norepinephrine (NE, 10(-6)M), changes in tension were measured following the cumulative administration of acetylcholine (ACh 3x10(-7), 10(-6) and 3x10(-6)M) and nitroglycerin (NTG, 10(-5)M). Data are expressed as percentage of the 10 5 M NTG-induced relaxation (ACh/NTG). The ACh/NTG, before and after electrolysis were defined as the control and the experimental groups. The aortic rings were pretreated with propofol (3x10(-5), 10(-4), 3x10(-4) and 5.7x10(-4) M, n = 8, 10, 15, 13), midazolam (10(-4)M, n = 7), catalase (1,000 U/ml, n = 12), mannitol (3x10(-4)M, n = 5) or not pretreated group (Free, n = 6). After 30 minutes, the aortic rings were exposed to ROS generated by electrolysis (DC 9 V, 20 mA, aortic rings 1 cm away from electrode) in Krebs solution for 2 minutes, which was then changed for physiologic buffered salt solution. The aortic rings were precontracted with NE and vasorelaxation was induced with ACh and NTG at the above mentioned concentrations. RESULTS: Propofol produced vasorelaxation of NE-precontracted thoracic aorta in a dose-dependent fashion in all groups of propofol (3x10(-5), 10(-4), 3x10(-4) and 5.7x10(-4)M) even after ROS attack (P < 0.05 vs control value). Catalase produced vasorelaxation after ROS attack (P < 0.05 vs control value).On the other hand, ACh-induced significant endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation were not observed in the midazolam or mannitol pretreated group or the non-pretreated group (P <0.05 vs control group). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that propofol and catalase preserve ACh induced endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation and that propofol has a concentration dependent ROS scavenging effect like catalase.
Acetylcholine ; Aorta, Thoracic ; Baths ; Catalase ; Electrolysis ; Endothelium ; Hand ; Humans ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Male ; Mannitol ; Midazolam ; Nitroglycerin ; Norepinephrine ; Propofol* ; Rabbits ; Reactive Oxygen Species* ; Relaxation ; Transducers ; Vasodilation

The influence of age and menopausal status at diagnosis on the prognosis of patients with primary breast cancer remains controversial. Some studies have found that younger patients have worse clinical outcomes than older patients, others have reported that younger patients have a more favorable outcome, and others have found no relation with age. We analyzed the effects of menopausal status in the survival of patients with operable breast cancer and estimated the correlations between the menopausal status and other established prognostic factors. We reviewed the records of the patients who had been operated on at the Department of Surgery, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University during the past 10 years (1985~1996). The results were as follows: 1) The peak age group was the fifth decade (27%), and all of patients, except one, were females. 2) The most common symptom was a palpable breast mass with or without pain (88%). 3) Most patients (72.8%) visited within 6 months of the first appearance of a symptom, and the most frequent tumor size was 2~5 cm in diameter (58.9%). 4) Most of the primary tumors were located in the upper outer quadrant (61%); tumors located in the lower outer quadrant were rare (3%). 5) The most common TNM stage group was stage II (54.1%), and there was no difference of distribution between the premenopause and the postmenopause groups. 6) The common pathologic cancer types were infiltrating ductal cancer (73.8%), medullary cancer (9.3%), mucinous cancer (8.3%). 7) Axillary lymph-node metastasis was present in 58 cases (62.4%). 8) The overall five-year survival rate for all patients was 43.9%. 9) The five-year survival rates of the 38 premenopausal patients and the 38 postmenopausal patients were 42.4% and 35.8%, respectively, but there was no statically significant difference between the two groups. 10) Menopausal status did not significantly correlated with tumor size, tumor location, lymph-node metastasis or TNM stage. In conclusion, the menopausal status may be not correlated with the prognosis in breast cancer However, the effect of menopausal status on the prognosis of patients with breast cancer needs to be investigated for a large papulation of breast cancer patients.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Heart ; Humans ; Mucins ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Postmenopause ; Premenopause ; Prognosis ; Survival Rate

In 1921, Dandy discussed the clinical diagnosis and treatment of hydrocephalus secondary to occlusion of the foramina of Magendie and Luschka. In 194, Walker reported a case of congenital atresia of the outlets of the fourth ventricle treated surgically. Since a detailed study of this disease entity by Benda in 1954, the condition has commonly been known by the term, the Dandy-Walker syndrome. In 1968, Raimondi and et al refered this condition as the Dandy-Walker cyst. There is considerable discussion as to the nature of the fundamental embryologic error in this condition, but Denda suggested that atresia of developing fourth ventricular foramina was only a part of the syndrome and not its cause, because in some cases reported, the foramina were found to be patent. These patients. Show characteristic clinical symptoms, signs and radiological findings and should suggest the correct diagnosis. This syndrome was one of the first cause of hydrocephalus to be treated successfully by surgery. We are reporting one case of this cyst encountered recently at Yonsei University Medical Center.
Academic Medical Centers ; Dandy-Walker Syndrome* ; Diagnosis ; Fourth Ventricle ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus

In 1921, Dandy discussed the clinical diagnosis and treatment of hydrocephalus secondary to occlusion of the foramina of Magendie and Luschka. In 194, Walker reported a case of congenital atresia of the outlets of the fourth ventricle treated surgically. Since a detailed study of this disease entity by Benda in 1954, the condition has commonly been known by the term, the Dandy-Walker syndrome. In 1968, Raimondi and et al refered this condition as the Dandy-Walker cyst. There is considerable discussion as to the nature of the fundamental embryologic error in this condition, but Denda suggested that atresia of developing fourth ventricular foramina was only a part of the syndrome and not its cause, because in some cases reported, the foramina were found to be patent. These patients. Show characteristic clinical symptoms, signs and radiological findings and should suggest the correct diagnosis. This syndrome was one of the first cause of hydrocephalus to be treated successfully by surgery. We are reporting one case of this cyst encountered recently at Yonsei University Medical Center.
Academic Medical Centers ; Dandy-Walker Syndrome* ; Diagnosis ; Fourth Ventricle ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus

Malignant melanoma of the spinal cord is a rare tumor 3,8,9,12 The melanomas that originate in the meninges bear a general structural resemblance to those arising elsewhere, but it is questionable whether they ever metastasis outside the central nervous system7. If can be also argued that the primary central nervous system melanoma could actually be a metastasis from an occult primary site in the skin, esophagus, rectum or other sites6. We are reporting a case of malignant melanoma involving the cervical spinal meninges and hard palate.
Central Nervous System ; Esophagus ; Melanoma* ; Meninges ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Palate, Hard ; Rectum ; Skin ; Spinal Cord*

The incidence of atherosclerosis in Korea seems to be much increased due to diet change after national development. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is not clarified and there are many hypothesis but the most recent and reliable hypothesis is the ratio of HDL-cholesterol per total cholesterol. Under the basis of this hypothesis there have been much trials to administer the agents which has effect on lipid metabolism, so we tried pantethine on 30 patients who visited Han-Yang University Hospital Internal medicine Department, and the result as follows; 1) The mean age of study population was 50.1 years of age, mean body weight was 62kg, and mean height was 160.8cm. male was 17, and female 10. 2) The associated disease of study population was <19 with> cardiovascular disease, in 19, gastrointestinal disease 3, obesity in 1 and others in 4. 3) The undesirable effect of the drug was found on 3 patients; that is, constipation on 1 patient, dizziness on 1 patient, and skin eruption on 1 patient. 4) The mean serum lipids before and after pantethine administration(levels) are as following table. In conclusion, it seems that the effect of the drug which decreases the serum lipids is mild at initial but more increasing as the time goes by and constant, and we experience little side reaction except mild dizziness, constipation and skin eruption.
Atherosclerosis ; Body Weight ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Cholesterol* ; Constipation ; Diet ; Dizziness ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Diseases ; Humans ; Incidence ; Internal Medicine ; Korea ; Lipid Metabolism ; Male ; Obesity ; Skin ; Triglycerides*

No abstract available.