It had been reported by many authors that the incidence of delayed or nonunion in fracture of clavicle was higher in open reduction and internal fixation than conservative treatment. The purpose of this study is to verify the gratification of the reconstruction plate in fracture of clavicle which needed internal fixation. From March 1993 to September 1995, 32 clavicular fractures were underwent open reduction and internal fixation with reconstruction plate for the wide gap, soft tissue interposition and comminuted fracture etc. The results were as follows 1. The range of motion of the shoulder was returned to normal range within 1.5 weeks except one case who had brachial plexus injury. 2. All cases had bony union. Average time to clinical union was 2.9 weeks and the bony union 7.8 weeks. 3. By functional evaluation of shoulder by Weitzman, final results were excellent in 27, good in 4 and fair in l. 4.Fixation and maintenance of clavicular fragment by reconstruction plate was recommendable for wide separated, soft tissue interposed, comminuted fracture of the clavicle. We concluded that reconstruction plate in fracture of clavicle could be recommended as one of the device for internal fixation.
Brachial Plexus ; Clavicle ; Fractures, Comminuted ; Incidence ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Reference Values ; Shoulder

No abstract available.
Female ; Nifedipine* ; Obstetric Labor, Premature* ; Pregnancy ; Ritodrine*

Acromioclavicular joint injuries are frequently seen with the recent increase of traffic and industrial accidents. The treatment of complete separation of the acromioclavicular joint has been, and is still, a subject of controversy. In view of a recent trend, anatomical reduction of acromioclavicular joint, and rigid internal fixation method is preferable, especially in type 3 injury. We operated on 16 cases of complete acromioclavicular separation by the technique of coracoclavicular wiring from March 1983 to Feb. 1987. The following results were obtained. 1. The functional results were excellent; 12 cases(75%), good; 3 cases(19a%), and fair ; 1 cases(6%). 2. The complications include wire reakage ; 1 case(6%), bony erosion ; 3 cases(19%) and subluxation, 1 case(6%). 3. The advantages of coracoclavicular wiring. 1) Avoids violation of acromioclavicular joint but does not restrict rotation of the clavicle. 2) The operation is simple to perform. 3) Postoperative immobilization is minimal. 4) Removal of the wire is easy under local anesthesia. 5) This method corresponds to the coracoclavicular ligment biomechanically. Therefore, coracoclavicular wiring is thought to be a good operative method in the treatment of complete acromioclavicular separation.
Accidents, Occupational ; Acromioclavicular Joint ; Anesthesia, Local ; Clavicle ; Immobilization ; Methods

Gaucher's disease is an uncommon metabolic disorder, which was first described by Gaucher in 1882, characterized by accumulation of distinctive Gaucher's cells in the reticuloendothelial system such as spleen, liver, and bone marrow. The great majority of cases have been reported in Jews, and others in negros and orientals. We are presenting two cases in homozygous twins in Korea, whose clinical manifestations are hepatosplenomegaly and bone lesions due to expansion of involved bones.
African Continental Ancestry Group ; Bone Marrow ; Gaucher Disease ; Humans ; Jews ; Korea ; Liver ; Mononuclear Phagocyte System ; Spleen ; Twins

These days, the epidural administration. of morphine is commonly used for postoperative pain re lief because even small amount of morphine (3mg) is enough to have an effect on specific opiates receptors of the spinal canal. We report a prospective double blind study of the efficacy of a single epidural dose of morphine on pain after spinal decompression. Postoperative pain was assessed by a linear analogue pain score and by the additional require ment for systemic analgesics. The results obtained are as follows:l. In spinal decompression, the adminitration of epidural morphine is easy, effective and safe because the epidural space has been already exposured during operation. 2. After operation the epidural route of morphine administration will give pain relief for up to 12 hours excellently. 3. When epidural morphine is given at the time of operations, the use of systemic analgesics is much reduced. 4. The side effects of epidural morphine are much reduced due to the small amount of morphine required. This simple procedure is recommended as an effective and safe method of reducing postoperative pain.
Analgesia ; Analgesics ; Decompression ; Double-Blind Method ; Epidural Space ; Methods ; Morphine ; Pain, Postoperative ; Prospective Studies ; Spinal Canal

Globally, airlines are dedicated to achieving higher standards of Flight Safety. They have therefore developed and applied programs such as CRM, LOFT, Risk Management and Threat and Error Management. Despite these efforts, Commercial aircraft accidents continue to occur. Accident statistics over the last 40 years show that mechanical or maintenance related accidents comprise only 15% of the total, and have been decreasing. Accidents attributable to flight crew, however, are about 65% of the total, and show little trend towards reduction (Boeing, 2003). So there is much continuing effort to reduce these kinds of accidents. Additionally, many researchers world-wide are developing and applying programs which are focused on Human Factors. This study analyzes both the factors affecting flight crew and the results obtained from research conducted in Korea.
Aircraft ; Humans ; Korea ; Risk Management

Priapism has been classified as primary (idiopathic)and secondary according to etiology. Hemodynamically, it can be separated into two distinct types: low-flow (ischemic) and high flow (non-ischemic). In the latter type, the most common cause is blunt genital trauma, and selective cavernosal artery embolization has been the most effective therapeutic method. Two cases of high-flow arterial priapism are presented. Both cases were post-traumatic and were managed with selective cavernosal artery embolization, with excellent return of premorbid levels of erectile function.
Arteries ; Male ; Penile Erection ; Priapism*

Priapism has been classified as primary (idiopathic)and secondary according to etiology. Hemodynamically, it can be separated into two distinct types: low-flow (ischemic) and high flow (non-ischemic). In the latter type, the most common cause is blunt genital trauma, and selective cavernosal artery embolization has been the most effective therapeutic method. Two cases of high-flow arterial priapism are presented. Both cases were post-traumatic and were managed with selective cavernosal artery embolization, with excellent return of premorbid levels of erectile function.
Arteries ; Male ; Penile Erection ; Priapism*

No abstract available.
Female ; Germ Cells* ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal* ; Ovary*

PURPOSE: Salivary duct carcinoma(SDC) is uncommon but high grade adenocarcinoma arising in the ductal epithelium of salivary glands. SDC is characterized by distinctive clinical and pathologic features. The most important histologic aspect of this neoplasm is its resemblance to ductal carcinoma of the breast. Clinically SDC is defined by cervical lymph node involvement and distant metastasis with a high rate of recurrence and mortality. We described some of the clinical and pathological features of SDC and the management using case report for our patient. METHODS: We present a case of a 40-year-old male with 2-year history of a swelling arising in his left preauricular region. There was a single painless, firm and solid 2x1.5cm mass in the left parotid area. Facial nerve function was intact and no cervical lymph node were palpable. In August 2005, we found out 1.7x1.8cm sized cystic, nodular lesions that were located in the superficial lobe of left parotid gland through Computed tomography. And then superficial parotidectomy and postoperative radiation therapy were performed in Jan 2007. RESULTS: Pathologically, the specimen were consisted of homogeneous, chondoid to myxoid type of tissues. It was yellow mass that has multiloculated cystic lesions. In postoperative PET(Positiron emission tomography) CT, there was no evidence of uptaking FDG(Fluorodeoxyglucose) into the deep layers of parotid gland and distant metastasis were not seen. CONCLUSION: Salivary duct carcinoma(SDC) is a rare but high grade adenocarcinoma related to pleomorphic adenocarcinoma. The prognosis of SDC can be different according to the type of tumor such as mucoepidermoid adenocarcinoma, adenoid duct carcinoma and acinar cell carcinoma. So we need to study more carefully for accurate diagnosis in early stage of diagnosis. Although radiotherapy has not yet proven to be a significant factor in overall survival, the combination of parotidectomy and postoperative radiation therapy can lead to more favorable results in treating of SDC.
Adenocarcinoma ; Adenoids ; Adult ; Breast ; Carcinoma, Acinar Cell ; Carcinoma, Ductal ; Epithelium ; Facial Nerve ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Male ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Parotid Gland ; Prognosis ; Recurrence ; Salivary Ducts ; Salivary Glands