No abstract available.
Craniocerebral Trauma* ; Head*

BACKGROUND: An intensive and ongoing surveillance program is effective for preventing the hospital infections. but it is time-consuming to detect all cases of hospital infections. So, labratory-based surveillance was performed with the aid of personal computer. The software 'MICRO' that coded and used privately was written in FoxPro 2.0 code. METHODS: All results of the microbiologic culture were stocked in the software and hospital infections were detected by review d an positive microbiology reports and daily ward rounds with examination of patient progress notes. If there was any suggestion or evidence of outbreak of hospital infections the data were analyzed by the 'MICRO' and reported to hospital infections control committee. RESULTS: We detected the outbreak of nosoccmial pneumonia due to a putative single species of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the neurosurgical ward at May, 1996. The suggestive outbreak of wound infections in the 7th ward at April, 1966 was denied by the 'MICRO'. The possible outbreak of 10th ward at May, 1996 was detected. CONCLUSIONS: We describe a surveillance method that identifies excessive rates of positive culture on patient location culture site, and organism indentification using the 'MICRO'. We were able to monitor patient-to-patient cross-infections and possible breakdowns in proper technique, and expect suggestive outbreak of infections early. These results demonstrate that computer analysis of positive culture rates by 'MICRO' is a sensitive and time-efficient method for detecting potentially preventable hospital infections.
Cross Infection* ; Humans ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; Microcomputers* ; Pneumonia ; Wound Infection

No abstract available.
Cytarabine* ; Drug Therapy, Combination* ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute*

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the preterm labor & preterm infants care in Kwangju and Chonam. METHODS: A study was conducted for 2,360 newborns who were born at four main hospitals in Kwangju and chonam from January 1, 1995 to December 31, 1997. Data were collected by review of hospital records. RESULTS: 1. The survival rate was 6.90% at 23~34 weeks, 38.60% at 27~28weeks and 90.67% after 31wks. 2. The survival rate divided according to birth weight were 8.89% below 1,000gm, 57.14% in 1,001~1,500gm, 86.75% in 1,501~2,000gm and 93.37% over 2,000gm respectively. 3. Clinical causes of neonatal death were RDS(48.84%) hyperbilirubinemia (20.74%), sepsis(11.95%) and pneumonia(9.67%). 4. Incidence of RDS was 23.22% and it's neonatal mortality was 36.28%. CONCLUSION: The survival rate of preterm birth in Kwang-Ju and Chon-nam was still lower than data from advancing countries, and main cause of neonatal death was respiratory distress syndrome.
Birth Weight ; Female ; Gwangju* ; Hospital Records ; Humans ; Hyperbilirubinemia ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant Mortality ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature* ; Obstetric Labor, Premature ; Pregnancy ; Premature Birth ; Survival Rate

OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to evaluate obstetric aspects and epidemiologic data of respiratory distress syndrome(RDS) in premature baby(under 37 gestational weeks). We compared the mortality and incidence of RDS in premature baby according to gestational age, birth weight, infant sex, mode of delivery. In addition, this study was searched for demonstrating the influence of hypertensive mother, and effectiveness of surfactant and corticosteoid administration. METHODS: A study was conducted for 2,360 premature baby under 37gestatinal weeks, who were born at four main hospitals in Kwangju and Chonnam from January 1, 1995 to December 31, 1997. Data were collected from hospital records and was analyzed by SPSS computer program. RESULTS: 1. The total incidence of RDS among all the preterm infants under 37gestational weeks, who were admitted in NICU of four hospitals was 22.7%. 2. Neonatal mortality was decreased as the gestational age and or birth weight advanced. (p<0.001) 3. There was no difference in the incidence of RDS according to sex and mode of delivery. (p>0.005) 4. The mortality of RDS infants in this study was 28.1%. 5. There was no statistical correlation between neonatal mortality and use of surfactant. 6. Corticosteroids administration to preterm mother did not decrease the incidence of RDS, but, there was no statistical significance due to insufficient study group. 7. The incidence of RDS among the babies of hypertensive mother was 21.0%. CONCLUSION: Still the RDS in premature baby is the most common cause of perinatal death in this country. In our study, the incidence and mortality of RDS in prematue baby was mainly depends on gestational age of infants. Therefore, we suggested that prevention of preterm labor is the important to decrease the incidence and mortality of RDS.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Birth Weight ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Gwangju* ; Hospital Records ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant Mortality ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature* ; Jeollanam-do ; Mortality ; Mothers ; Obstetric Labor, Premature ; Pregnancy

BACKGROUND: There has been no statistical study of dermatoses in the Ganganm area of Seoul which has been rapidly developing in the last 10 years. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the recent distributions of dermatoses in the Gangam area of Seoul and compared them with the previous reports in Seoul and other provinces of Korea. METHODS: 47,015 new outpatients who visited the Yongdong Severance Hospital from 1983 to 1992 were analyzed statistically RESULTS: The study results are summarized as follows: 1. Among the 47,015 outpatients, the total number of number of male patients were 20,180(42.9%) and female patients 26,835(57.1%). 2. In age distribution, the most frequent age groups were the 3rd decade(21.3%), the lst decade(19.5%), and the 4th decade(19.2%) amounting to 60% of the total outpatients. 3. The most common 15 dermatoses were dermatophytosis, atopic dermatitis, urticaria, irritant contact dermatitis, acne vulgaris, allergic contact dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, other eczemas, warts, vitiligo, drug eruption, herpes zoster, psoriasis, bacterial infection, and syphilis. 4. Those dermatoses which showed an increasing tendency annually were seborrheic dermatitis, warts, vitiligo, and syphiiis. Dermatophytosis and bacterial infection showed a decreasing tendency. 5. Seasonal distribution showed that those diseases occurring most frequently during the summer were dermatophytosis, urticaria, allergic contact dermatitis, vitiligo, herpes zoster, and bacterial infection. The incidence of atopic dermatitis and psoriasis increased during the winter season. 6. In sexual distribution, acne, allergic contact dermatitis, and irritant contact dermatitis were more frequent in females, and the remainding common dermatoses did no show any difference. 7. In age distribution, atopic dermatitis and bacterial infection were most frequent in the lst decade. Urticaria, allergic contact dermatitis, acne, drung eruption, psoriasis, and syphilis were most frequent in the 3rd decade, with warts and vitiligo in the 2nd decade, and herpes zoster in the 6th decaded. 8. The distributions of dermotoses as disease groups were eczema(24.9%), urticaria-drug eruption (13.2%), dermatophytosis(10.7%), skin appendage disorder(10.1%), viral infection(10.1%), pigmentary disorders(4.5%), and papulosquamous diseases(4.0%) which constituted 78% of the total. 9. In patients dwelling in apartments, atopic dermatitis and molluscum contagiosumn showed a more frequent tendency in comparison to those living in house. 10. The most common 10 dermatoses among children were atopic dermatitis, urticaria, contact dermatitis, molluscum contagiosum, bacterial infection, dermatophytosis, vitiligo, other viral infections, and nevo-cellular nevi. On the other hand, the most common 10 dermatoses among the elderly were drmatophytosis, other eczemas, urticaria, herpes zoster, pruritus, contact dermatitis, drug eruption, lichen simplex chronicus, seborrheic dermatitis, and vitiligo. CONCLUSION: In contrast to earlier published report from Seoul, the infectous dermatoses, especially parasitic infestation, showed a decreasing tendency. The distribution pattern of the skin diseases did not differ fro other provinces of Korea in general.
Acne Vulgaris ; Age Distribution ; Aged ; Bacterial Infections ; Child ; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact ; Dermatitis, Atopic ; Dermatitis, Contact ; Dermatitis, Seborrheic ; Drug Eruptions ; Eczema ; Female ; Hand ; Herpes Zoster ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Male ; Molluscum Contagiosum ; Neurodermatitis ; Nevus ; Outpatients ; Pruritus ; Psoriasis ; Seasons ; Seoul* ; Skin ; Skin Diseases* ; Statistics as Topic* ; Syphilis ; Tinea ; Urticaria ; Vitiligo ; Warts

Speckled lentiginous nevus is a clinical variant of nevus-cell nevus first described by Stewart et al. in 1978. It is characterized by small, dark hyperpigmentated speckles superimposed on a tannish-brown background. The speckled areas show varying histologic patterns ranging from nevus incipiens to junctional or compound nevus. The back ground shows histologic features of Ientigo simplex. Recently, we observed clinical and histological features of 5 cases of speckled lentiginous nevi. The age of onset ranges from birth to infancy, The locations are face, thigh, back and scapula. One has zosteriform distribution in upper extrernity, chest and back. Histologic features of speckles are junctional or compound nevus. We suggest that the origin of dark speckles may be from the tannish-brown background, lentigo simplex.
Age of Onset ; Lentigo ; Nevus* ; Parturition ; Scapula ; Thigh ; Thorax

The Mapleson type D is one of the non-rebreathing systems used in pediatric general anes- thesia. Because it doesnt have soda lime, the fresh gas tlow (FGF) must be adjusted to the patient's size, body temperature and the anesthetic technique to prevent CO2 retention. We have used the FGF of 2-3.5 L/min according to patient's body weight, whether or not the patient has a fever. So, we examined arterial blood gas analysis in 3 pediatric patients with fever. We suggest that if a patient has a fever, it is desirable to inmease FGF to 5 L/min to prevent CO2 accumulation or acidosis.
Acidosis ; Blood Gas Analysis ; Body Size ; Body Temperature ; Body Weight ; Fever ; Humans

No abstract available.
Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Vertebroplasty*

It is well established that mast cell proliferation and maturation are regulated by two principle cytokines, IL-3 and the c-kit ligand stem cell factor (SCF). Previous reports have demonstrated that bone marrow-derived IL-3-dependent mast cells exhibit the characteristic apoptosis on removal of IL-3. To know how the number of mast cells is controlled, we observed the effects of nitric oxide (NO) on the murine bone marrow-derived cultured mast cells (BMCMC). Apoptosis was measured by the analysis of flow cytometric data and electrophoretic evidence of DNA fragmentation. Our data showed that sodiurn nitroprusside (SNP)-a NO releasing substance- induced apoptosis in BMCMC. Cell cycle analysis showed that the number of the G,/G, and S phase decreased markedly, while the percentage of cell in G,/M phase was increased. Also, SNP alone induced cell death, whereas SNP in combination with SCF markedly decreased cell death of BMCMC. SNP-induced apoptosis was partially inhibited by the treatment of BMCMC with SCF. Our results suggest that NO might have sorne role in the regulation of the number of mast cells.
Apoptosis ; Bone Marrow* ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Death ; Cytokines ; DNA Fragmentation ; Interleukin-3 ; Mast Cells* ; Nitric Oxide* ; Nitroprusside ; S Phase ; Stem Cell Factor