No abstract available.
Humidity*

Thibeault C. Special Committee Report : Cabin Air Quality Aviat Space Environ Med 1997 ;68 : 80-2. Cabin Air Quality has generated considerable public and workers' concern and controversy in the last few years. To clarify the situation, AsMA requested the Passenger Health Subcommittee of the Air Transport Medicine Committee to review the situation and prepare a position statement. After identifying the various sources of confusion, we review the scientifically accepted facts In the different elements involved in Cabin Air Quality : pressurization, ventilation, contaminants, humidity and temperature. At the same time, we identify areas that need more research and make recommendations accordingly.
Humidity ; Ventilation

Leaves and young stem of Macaranga triloba (Blume) Muell-Arg. were collected from protozoal forest in Bình Châu on March 2001, that were named and compared with the dried specimen at the plant museum in Ho Chi Minh City. The raw materials were dried in the shade to the humidity about 10% (5Kg). One phytoalexin, 8-methyl-7,4 dihydroxyflavan was firstly isolated from the leaves and young stem of Macaranga triloba (Blume) Muell-Arg.. Its structure was elucidated on the basis of spectral analysis including 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and EIMS
Euphorbiaceae ; Plants ; Humidity

Despite many theoretical advantages of humidification of anesthetic gas, the role and method of choice of humidification in anesthesia remains uncertain. With the recent introduction of disposable heat and moisture exchangers (HME), a paueity of information of the specific performance characteristics of various HMEs exists. Using an on-line humidity detector, based on the dry-wet bulb principle, with a fast response temperature sensor (0.l sec), I have reexamined the effectiveness in maintaining humidity and temperature of various commercially available HMEs in clinical settings, and the relationship of the effectiveness of the rate of fresh gas flow. Humid-Vent 2 demonstrated the best result that increased the inspired temperature from 22.78+/-0.2degrees C to 31.35+/-0.89degrees C (absolute humidity; 27.4+/-0.7mg H2O/L). Extreme low fresh gas flow(500ml/min) demonstrated low absolute humidity (18.87+/-1.28 mg H2O/L) that was lower than use of HME.
Anesthesia* ; Hot Temperature* ; Humidity

Despite many theoretical advantages of humidification of anesthetic gas, the role and method of choice of humidification in anesthesia remains uncertain. With the recent introduction of disposable heat and moisture exchangers (HME), a paueity of information of the specific performance characteristics of various HMEs exists. Using an on-line humidity detector, based on the dry-wet bulb principle, with a fast response temperature sensor (0.l sec), I have reexamined the effectiveness in maintaining humidity and temperature of various commercially available HMEs in clinical settings, and the relationship of the effectiveness of the rate of fresh gas flow. Humid-Vent 2 demonstrated the best result that increased the inspired temperature from 22.78+/-0.2degrees C to 31.35+/-0.89degrees C (absolute humidity; 27.4+/-0.7mg H2O/L). Extreme low fresh gas flow(500ml/min) demonstrated low absolute humidity (18.87+/-1.28 mg H2O/L) that was lower than use of HME.
Anesthesia* ; Hot Temperature* ; Humidity

The purpose of this study was to identity the probability of cross-contamination from the environment. For this, we examined foodservices at 20 universities/colleges for microbiological analysis of their working facilities and environment as well as their preventive equipment against cross-contamination. Seventy percent of the 20 foodservices were found to maintain one unified working area, which suggests high probability of contamination of food/utensils/equipment in the cooking area by pre-preparation or dish washing. According to the microbiological analysis, the hygiene acceptance ratio of working facilities in the clean zone was 70%, which was higher than the average 45% hygiene acceptance ratio of working facilities in the contamination operating zone. There was a significant difference in the total plate count (P<0.001) and coliform count (P <0.01), which demonstrates that work tables in the clean zone were in a good state compared to those in the contamination operating zone. In the contamination operating zone, refrigerator shelves had a high probability of cross-contamination. Regarding the floor surface and airborne microbes, cooking areas which should be maintained as clean zones had higher cross-contamination probability than those in the contamination operating zone. So corrective actions such as cleaning and sanitizing, keeping dry floors, lowered temperature and humidity, shoe disinfecting facilities, and checking concentrations, are necessary to manage floor surfaces and airborne microbes in the cooking area.
Cooking ; Humidity ; Hygiene ; Shoes

We collected and identified 5,721 ectomycorrhizal fruiting bodies (EcM) from Naejangsan National Park from June 2004 to 2013, belonging to 1 phylum, 1 class, 6 orders, 19 families, 40 genera, and 196 species. Of these, 2,249 individuals were identified as 89 species belonging to 11 genera in 7 families in the Agaricales; 1,511 were identified as 43 species belonging to 2 genera in 1 family in the Russulales; 1,132 were identified as 50 species belonging to 21 genera in 6 families in the Boletales; 793 were identified as 8 species belonging to 3 genera in 2 families in the Cantharellales; 29 were identified as 3 species belonging to 2 genera in 2 families in the Thelephorales; and 7 were identified as 3 species belonging to 1 genus in 1 family in the Gomphales. Thus, most of the EcMs identified belonged to the following 3 orders: Agaricales, Russulales, and Boletales. Russulaceae were most common (43 species), followed by Boletaceae (39 species), and Amanitaceae (27 species); most individuals were Russulaceae (1,511), followed by Hydnagiaceae (1,071) and Boletaceae (804). The monthly distribution showed that the greatest number of individuals and species of EcM, including the dominant ones, occur around July~September at an elevation of 200~299 m, diminishing markedly above 600 m. The greatest number of individuals and species, including the dominant ones, were collected in the period with average temperatures 25.0~26.9degrees C, lows of 21.0~22.9degrees C, and highs of 30.0~31.9degrees C, relative humidity > 76%, and rainfall > 400 mm.
Agaricales ; Fruit* ; Humans ; Humidity

This study investigated the morphological differences of P. ostreatus grown in the artificial environmental conditions such as humidity, temperature, ventilation, and watering. Oyster mushroom, which was cultivated on artificial environmental condition, was shown to have different morphology of fruitbodies. The optimum CO2 concentration for good morphology of P. ostreatus was 0.3%. But most fruitbody showed the morphologically low qualities in more than 0.5% of CO2 concentration. In the humidity in excess of 80% at 13~16degrees C, the best morphology of P. ostreatus was investigated. The growth of fruitbodies of P. ostreatus in the ventilation system was good at the wind velocity ranging from 0.2~0.5 fpms and expouring type. In other conditions, P. ostreatus generally showed the morphology closing to malformation.
Humidity ; Pleurotus* ; Ventilation ; Wind

INTRODUCTION: Dengue continues to be a major health concern in the Philippines. This study aimed to establish trends and correlations between the incidence of dengue and rainfall, humidity and temperature, respectively, in the different regions. METHODS: Using 2018 records obtained from DOH and PAGASA, correlations were made between monthly measurements of climatic factors and the incidence of dengue using Pearson’s r, while maps and interpolations were generated using quantum geographical information system software. RESULTS: There was a significant positive but weak correlation between the incidence of dengue and rainfall (r = 0.379, 95% CI 0.255, 0.491; p < 0.001) and humidity (r = 0.215, 95% CI 0.080, 0.342; p = 0.002). There was a significant negative but weak correlation between the incidence of dengue and temperature (r = -0.145, 95% CI -0.277, -0.008; p = 0.039). A strong positive correlation was noted between the incidence of dengue, and rainfall and humidity, respectively, in several regions. Multiple regression indicates that rainfall, humidity and temperature are poor predictors of the incidence of dengue (R2 = 0.1436, 0.0461 and 0.0209, respectively). CONCLUSION This study showed overall a significant but weak correlation between an increased incidence of dengue and heavy rainfalls and high relative humidity, and a weak negative correlation for temperature. A high positive correlation of an increased incidence of dengue and heavy rainfalls and high relative humidity was observed in several regions.
Dengue ; humidity ; temperature

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of sealer placement in simulated root canal extensions. Forty resin blocks were attained from the Endo-training Bloc. In each block, the simulated root canal was made with #20, 08taper GT file. After each block was longitudinally split into two halves, a standardized groove was prepared on one canal wall of two halves to simulate the canal extensions with various irregularities. The two halves of each block were assembled and all simulated root canals were obturated by single cone method with AH26 sealer. Four different methods of sealer placement were used: group A, #20 K-file; group B, ultrasonic file; group C, lentulo spiral; group D, EZ-Fill bi-directional spiral. All obturated blocks were stored in 100% humidity at 37degrees C for 1 week. Using a low speed saw, each block was sectioned horizontally. Images of the sections were taken using a stereomicroscope at x 30 magnification and a digital camera. The amount of the sealer in the groove was evaluated using a scoring system, a higher score indicated better sealing effectiveness. The data was statistically analysed by Fisher's Exact Test. The sealing score was the lowest, specially at the middle area of canal extensions in group A, and that was statistically significant difference from other groups. In conclusion, the ultrasonic file, lentulo spiral and EZ-Fill bi-directional spiral were effective methods of sealer placement in simulated canal extensions. The K file was the least effective method, specially at the middle area of canal extensions.
Dental Pulp Cavity* ; Humidity ; Ultrasonics