This review aims to emphasize the importance of humidification and to identify humidification method the most effective in the intubated or ventilated patients. Some details are also discussed on how to perform humidification.
Animals ; Equipment Design ; Humans ; Humidity ; Intensive Care Units ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; adverse effects ; Respiration, Artificial ; adverse effects ; instrumentation

This paper describes electrostatic harms to oxygen pressure cabins and protection measures which should be taken.
Fires ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Humidity ; Hyperbaric Oxygenation ; Oxygen Inhalation Therapy ; instrumentation ; Static Electricity ; adverse effects

Humans ; Humidity ; adverse effects ; standards ; Incubators, Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal ; Water Supply ; standards

BACKGROUND: For the reason that many studies have been inconclusive on the effect of humidity on respiratory disease, we examined the association between absolute humidity and respiratory disease mortality and quantified the mortality burden due to non-optimal absolute humidity in Guangzhou, China. METHODS: Daily respiratory disease mortality including total 42,440 deaths from 1 February 2013 to 31 December 2018 and meteorological data of the same period in Guangzhou City were collected. The distributed lag non-linear model was used to determine the optimal absolute humidity of death and discuss their non-linear lagged effects. Attributable fraction and population attributable mortality were calculated based on the optimal absolute humidity, defined as the minimum mortality absolute humidity. RESULTS: The association between absolute humidity and total respiratory disease mortality showed an M-shaped non-linear curve. In total, 21.57% (95% CI 14.20 ~ 27.75%) of respiratory disease mortality (9154 deaths) was attributable to non-optimum absolute humidity. The attributable fractions due to high absolute humidity were 13.49% (95% CI 9.56 ~ 16.98%), while mortality burden of low absolute humidity were 8.08% (95% CI 0.89 ~ 13.93%), respectively. Extreme dry and moist absolute humidity accounted for total respiratory disease mortality fraction of 0.87% (95% CI - 0.09 ~ 1.58%) and 0.91% (95% CI 0.25 ~ 1.39%), respectively. There was no significant gender and age difference in the burden of attributable risk due to absolute humidity. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that both high and low absolute humidity are responsible for considerable respiratory disease mortality burden, the component attributed to the high absolute humidity effect is greater. Our results may have important implications for the development of public health measures to reduce respiratory disease mortality.
China/epidemiology* ; Cities/epidemiology* ; Climate ; Humans ; Humidity/adverse effects* ; Models, Theoretical ; Nonlinear Dynamics ; Respiratory Tract Diseases/mortality* ; Sensitivity and Specificity

To explore the association between particulate matter (PM) and daily hospital visits of coronary heart diseases in Ningbo.Daily data of hospital visits from January 2014 to June 2015 (516 days in total) were obtained from the Yinzhou Health Information System in Ningbo. Daily air pollution data for PM and meteorological data were collected from the database of Ningbo Environmental Monitoring Center and Ningbo Meteorological Bureau. Time-series analysis by quasi-Poisson generalized additive model was used to examine the association between air pollution and hospital visits for coronary heart diseases by adjustment of long-term trends, seasonal patterns and meteorological variables (temperature, humidity), and day of week.An increase of an IQR of PMaccounted for 1.98% (95%:-0.59%-4.63%) increase of hospital visits for coronary heart diseases. The associations between PMand hospital visits for coronary heart diseases among female and the elderly (≥75 years) were stronger (=2.70%,95%:0.01%-5.47%;=3.35%, 95%0.12%-6.69%). The effects of PMattenuated after adjustment for PMPMhad short-term effects on daily hospital visits for coronary heart diseases in Ningbo, and such association was stronger among female and the elderly.
Age Factors ; Aged ; Air Pollutants ; adverse effects ; Air Pollution ; adverse effects ; statistics & numerical data ; China ; epidemiology ; Coronary Artery Disease ; epidemiology ; Female ; Hospitals ; utilization ; Humans ; Humidity ; adverse effects ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Particulate Matter ; adverse effects ; Seasons ; Sex Factors ; Temperature ; Time Factors