PURPOSE: This study aimed to explore human rights sensitivity and the perception of patients' rights among nursing students. For the study, 253 nursing students from K and D universities located in Daegu and the Gyeongbuk region were asked to participate. METHODS: Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 20.0; in addition, descriptive statistics, a t-test, and a one-way ANOVA were used. RESULTS: The average human rights sensitivity score was 2.40 out of 5 points. Human rights sensitivity was significantly different in education experiences in regards to human rights after getting into nursing school and in nursing courses, as well as experiences of clinical practice. Among the six episodes that measured human rights sensitivity, nursing students reported the highest score on the right to the pursuit of happiness of older people and the lowest score was reported on the right to privacy. The average score of patients' rights perception was 4.53 out of 5 points. In particular, nursing students considered the right to enjoy human worth/dignity and the right to equality to be the most important of patients' rights. Patients' rights perception, in general, was significantly different depending on the number of family members. CONCLUSION: It is needed to develop an effective nursing curriculum in order to improve nursing students' human rights sensitivity and foster positive perceptions regarding patients' rights.
Curriculum ; Daegu ; Education ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Happiness ; Human Rights* ; Humans* ; Nursing* ; Patient Rights* ; Privacy ; Schools, Nursing ; Students, Nursing

The purpose of this thesis is to examine the warrant system for legal autopsy. The notion of warrant system is originated from concept of the due process of law guaranteed by the Constitution, and the warrant is a fundamental model to guarantee all human rights. But in the cases of legal autopsy, the Procedural Due process of Law about warrant is overemphasized and sometimes it hampers to find the substantial truth. Therefore, the author wants review the warrant system for legal autopsy and to propose the alternative method to replace the warrant for legal autopsy.
Autopsy* ; Civil Rights ; Constitution and Bylaws ; Human Rights ; Jurisprudence

The purpose of this thesis is to examine the warrant system for legal autopsy. The notion of warrant system is originated from concept of the due process of law guaranteed by the Constitution, and the warrant is a fundamental model to guarantee all human rights. But in the cases of legal autopsy, the Procedural Due process of Law about warrant is overemphasized and sometimes it hampers to find the substantial truth. Therefore, the author wants review the warrant system for legal autopsy and to propose the alternative method to replace the warrant for legal autopsy.
Autopsy* ; Civil Rights ; Constitution and Bylaws ; Human Rights ; Jurisprudence

Unlike the classical genetic study which dealt with the mendelian inheritances of relatively small number of patients, the genetic epidemiology study needs the large scaled genetic data base. The main ethical and legal problems of these kinds of studies are research design, informed consent, long term follow-up of research subjects, data sharing and benefit sharing. Classically, the informed consent was an important right but if these kinds of large scaled and long period studies were involved, the newly developing rights should be more stressed. The bioethics and biosafety act and governmental regulations for the genetic study and gene bank also shows those considerations. In EU, the general consent is considered acceptable if the approval of all future projects is fulfilled by a research ethics committee and the participants' right to withdraw samples at any times. In U.S.A., strict restriction is required for future experiments, but if the research involves no more than minimal risk to the subject, the waiver or alternation will not affect adversely the rights and welfare of subjects and the research could not be practicably carried out without the waiver or alteration, the specific future consents could be exempted. Long term follow up of research patients is needed to provide the newly developed information which would be helpful for the patients. Data sharing is needed to prevent the exclusive possession of genetic information. Benefit sharing is the newly coming up debates on how to manage the conflicts of interests between tissue-donors and scientific researchers. The context and inventory of human rights for the research is changing and still under construction.
Bioethics* ; Databases, Genetic ; Epidemiology ; Ethics Committees, Research ; Follow-Up Studies ; Human Rights ; Humans ; Information Dissemination ; Informed Consent ; Molecular Epidemiology* ; Privacy* ; Research Design ; Research Subjects ; Social Control, Formal ; Wills

The government had a plan to set up a new medical information law last October, which allows hospitals to share medical records of patients with given consent. The aim of this act is to manage and protect medical information effectively. However, civic groups and medical organizations strongly claim that there is a high possibility of leakage of individuals' private medical information that can raise conflicts of interest under the medical information act. Computerization of personal medical information is essential for the business efficiency, however, it may cause a serious damage to the society as well as to individuals should the information be used without the individuals' consent. In the age of knowledge and information, the improved medical service and its effectiveness via informatization is an unavoidable choice, however, it is also hoped that the issues of human rights be thoroughly considered in the process of medical informatization to prevent a potential aftermath to the people and the society.
Commerce ; Hope ; Human Rights ; Humans ; Jurisprudence ; Medical Records ; Privacy*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to understand the lived experiences of nursing students' during Leboyer. METHODS: Eleven senior nursing students were recruited from April to June in 2010. After completing informed consents, data were collected through in-depth interviews. All interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim before analyzing. Nursing students were asked about their observational experiences during Leboyer births. Data were analyzed by using the Colaizzi style. RESULTS: Interviews revealed 4 categories and 9 themes. The categories were: 'Respecting and blessing new baby', 'Keeping calm and joyful birth atmosphere', 'Reminding the meaning of nursing', 'Comparing Leboyer and convenience birth and making up their mind'. CONCLUSION: This study showed that observation of Leboyer birth is helpful for nursing students in order to have positive impression about childbirth. Furthermore, it is suggested that an exploration of the experiences of women and their husbands during Leboyer births would be helpful. On the basis of this study, it is concluded that the Leboyer birth, which focuses on baby's human right, should be introduced women's health nursing field as an effective birth strategy.
Education, Nursing ; Female ; Human Rights ; Humans ; Parturition ; Qualitative Research ; Spouses ; Students, Nursing ; Women's Health

BACKGROUND: Elements of informed consent including capacity, disclosure, understanding, voluntariness, and permission of the participant, are all crucial for clinical trials to be legally and ethically valid. During the informed consent process, the patient information leaflet is an important information source which prospective research subjects can utilize in their decision-making. In the adequate provision of information, KGCP guideline necessitate 20 specific items, as well as the use language that individuals can understand. This study measures the vocabulary level of patient information leaflets in an effort to provide an objective evaluation on the readability of such material. METHODS: The word difficulty of 13 leaflets was quantitatively evaluated using Kim kwang Hae's vocabulary grading framework, which was compared to the difficulty level of words found in the 6th grade Korean textbook. The quantitative outcomes were statistically analyzed using chi-squared tests and linear by linear association for ordinal data. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference between the vocabulary level and frequency of words in leaflets and the 6th Korean textbook. The leaflets were on average 260 sentences and about roughly 15 pages long, including lay language (easier or equal to language used in primary school) of around 12% less; technical language of around 4.5% more. As the vocabulary grades increase, there was a distinct difference in vocabulary level between Korean textbook and each information leaflet (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Patient information leaflets may fail to provide appropriate information for self-determination by clinical trial subject through the difficulty level of its wording. Improvements in the degree of patients' understanding and appropriate use of information leaflets are collaboratively equipped to strengthen patient's autonomy and therefore guaranteeing participant's rights.
Comprehension* ; Disclosure ; Human Rights ; Humans ; Informed Consent ; Prospective Studies ; Research Subjects ; Vocabulary

BACKGROUND: The participation of children in clinical research requires parental permission. We designed this study to evaluate the extent to which the risk associated with a clinical study affects the parents' decision to provide permission. Simultaneously, we evaluated factors which led parents to allow or decline their child's participation in such clinical studies. METHODS: We interviewed 82 parents of children of ASA class I-II scheduled to receive general anesthesia for elective surgery. Parents were presented with either of two sham protocols: no risk (Control, n = 44), or pain (Pain, n = 38) and asked to complete a questionnaire detailing the reasons for their decision. RESULTS: There were no differences in the demographics of the two groups. Whereas comprehension of the doctor's explanation was similar in both groups, consenting rates were higher in the control group (54.5% versus 28.7%; P <0.01). The importance of the study was the primary factor in the parents' decision to consent, and the child's safety was the main concern for parents that declined. Only 4.2% of the control group and 3.7% of the risk group reported having felt pressured to consent. CONCLUSIONS: Results of this study show that the contents of study itself is an important factor that influences a parent's decision to consent to a child's participation in clinical studies. Therefore it is important that researchers produce an adequate protocol and a reasonable explanation for obtaining consent, to reduce the potential for selection bias, and to ensure that the legal and ethical rights of patients are protected.
Anesthesia, General ; Child* ; Comprehension ; Demography ; Human Rights ; Humans ; Informed Consent ; Parents ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Selection Bias

Informed consent is the procedure that respects the autonomy of patients ; doctors protect patients' choices and rights through informed consent. Competence and voluntariness are prerequisite for the informed consent. In recent years, the necessity of informed consent from the Psychiatric department has been raised. Regarding informed consent from the Psychiatric department, there is a need to consider from two perspectives : respect for the patient's decision-making ability and the psychiatrist's legal self-protection. In competence and voluntariness, psychiatric patients were excluded due to lack of decision-making ability and willingness. However, not all psychiatric patients were able to perform the given task. Therefore, informed consent is needed in the point of view regarding the decision-making ability of psychiatric patients. Psychotropic medications, particularly antipsychotics, can cause several side effects, including extrapyramidal syndrome and metabolic syndrome. Therefore, preannouncement of these patients for these side effects is needed. However, when the informed consent is only applied to psychiatric hospitals, it may increase prejudices and misconceptions about psychiatric medications and treatment. Therefore, the informed consent should first be considered carefully and thoughtfully.
Antipsychotic Agents ; Hospitals, Psychiatric ; Human Rights ; Humans ; Informed Consent* ; Mental Competency ; Prejudice

Observational studies constitute an important part of epidemiologic research. Researchers need to recognize that some of the observational studies may result in serious damage to the participants, and it is very important to understand that which aspect of such studies may pose a risk to the participant. The key element of an observational study that may raise an important ethical issue is specific information itself. Researchers need to make sure who has the right to make decision on the information, and by what pathways the information flows. Informed consent is an essential component involved in handling the information associated with participants' interest. Institutional review board (IRB) should oversee the study design and procedures to ensure the study procedures respect the rights of the participants and communities they belong to and protect them from any harm. Modern technologies add new dimensions to observational studies because of genetic information and large scale database systems that are linked with the study. Data security need to be assured by various procedures and legal protections. As the value of information becomes greater in the modern society, the importance of bioethics and personal information protection also becomes greater in the observational studies.
Bioethics* ; Computer Security ; Ethics ; Ethics Committees, Research ; Human Rights ; Humans ; Informed Consent ; Methods ; Observational Study