The Declaration of Alma- issued the human right in the health protection and care. Vietnam promulgated the people health protective law in 1989. The perquisite condition for the health protection and care was the health system. The causes of the successful assurance of the human right in the health protection and care in Vietnam included enhancement of the ability in approaching the health services, equity in the health care, quantity and quality of the health services, strengthen the inspection and supervision
Human Rights ; Health

Sagittal fracture of the cervical spine is a rara injury and little information exists as to its incidence, the mechanism involved, or the result of treatment. Fracture of the cervical vertebral body in the sagittal plane is splitted it into almost equal right and left halves. Computed tomography has made it possible to analyze the vertebral fracture more thoroughly. Sagittal fracture of the cervical spine is reported with brief review of literature.
Human Rights ; Incidence ; Spine

No abstract available.
Human Rights ; Humans

There have been so many misperceptions and prejudices against mental illness in our society. The wrong perception and prejudice against mental illness infringe on basic human right to receive proper medical care. Thoughts such as 'mental illness is rare', 'it is incurable', or 'psychiatric patients are weird, violent and harmful to others' are typical stereotypes of mistaken beliefs about mental illness. Scientific studies conducted throughout the world provide the opposite of these views. To reduce misunderstanding and stigma of mental illness, it is important to lead the public to recognize the mental illness is a disease of the brain to be treated, and that it can be treated effectively. To achieve this aim, proactive promotion by government and non-government organizations including medical professionals is required. In addition, vigorous scientific investigations should continue to delineate the pathophysiology of mental illness and establish effective treatment thereof.
Brain ; Human Rights ; Humans ; Prejudice

Data from clinical studies are needed for psychiatrists to make quick and scientific decisions based on the best available evidence in clinical settings. Various methods of clinical studies are useful for clinicians to have reliable answers to unmet clinical needs. Although randomized controlled trials may provide high-quality information about major issues, well-designed, naturalistic and observational studies often give us unbiased explanation for real-world phenomena. Adequate selection of clinical variables and appropriate number of participants are key factors of well-designed clinical studies. Statistical methods can add an extra dimension to initial design of clinical studies. Given ethical issues in clinical studies on psychiatric disorders, special regards should be paid to participants' ability to provide informed consents. New strategies of clinical studies need to be developed to meet clinical needs and protect the rights and welfare of study participants.
Ethics, Research ; Human Rights ; Psychiatry

The purpose of this thesis is to examine the warrant system for legal autopsy. The notion of warrant system is originated from concept of the due process of law guaranteed by the Constitution, and the warrant is a fundamental model to guarantee all human rights. But in the cases of legal autopsy, the Procedural Due process of Law about warrant is overemphasized and sometimes it hampers to find the substantial truth. Therefore, the author wants review the warrant system for legal autopsy and to propose the alternative method to replace the warrant for legal autopsy.
Autopsy* ; Civil Rights ; Constitution and Bylaws ; Human Rights ; Jurisprudence

The purpose of this thesis is to examine the warrant system for legal autopsy. The notion of warrant system is originated from concept of the due process of law guaranteed by the Constitution, and the warrant is a fundamental model to guarantee all human rights. But in the cases of legal autopsy, the Procedural Due process of Law about warrant is overemphasized and sometimes it hampers to find the substantial truth. Therefore, the author wants review the warrant system for legal autopsy and to propose the alternative method to replace the warrant for legal autopsy.
Autopsy* ; Civil Rights ; Constitution and Bylaws ; Human Rights ; Jurisprudence

The intercourse for mutual understanding between the doctor and the patient is an essential factor of successful medical treatment. The law should confine its duties to forming conditions where the remedial discourse can be held freely and peacefully. Under the Art. 16 of the medical law, however, the structure of free remedial discourse is distorted by asymmetrically distributing the rights and obligations between the doctor and the patient.; The doctor's responsibility to treat the patient ends as soon as the recipient decides to terminate it on his or her own volition. In the case of patients requiring immediate attention the doctor and the patient should discuss the matters of the medical, ethical and political aspects of the termination of treatment with religious men or women etc. If the above mentioned is properly carried out, any decision is fully legitimated regardless of the its content.
Female ; Human Rights ; Humans ; Jurisprudence ; Male ; Volition

Linking with medical institutes and medical related centers. the individual patient's information should be studied systematically and synthetically. Since the medical information contains the fatal information for the individual patient, it should not to be released of operated by an unauthorized person. The individual medical information, distributed at various medical institutes, can be intergrated through a medical health IC card. This paper describes a mechanism to access and secure the information on a medical health IC card. Facilitating appropriate access rights for the information recorded on a medical health IC card. it should prohibit an authorized person from browsing patient's private information. From the previous studies on a medical health IC card, the items on a medical health IC card are categorized into eight different groups conforming to the international standard. Proposed system further refined the eight Global Classes into an Interest Class and Detail Class, and sets up a new access rights for each class. The memory file system of a medical health IC card also follows the existing international standard. Besides, this paper describes issues about how the operator plays a role in handling the access process for medical health information. The study also follows the international standard by standardizing the items stored in a medical health IC card. In the future, the security level and access limitations have to be more refined and localized to be fit in Korean environment.
Academies and Institutes ; Human Rights ; Humans ; Memory

Categorical approach to define old age by biological ages and their adaptational vulnerabilities falls into ageism, for the boundary of aging constantly changed because of longevity. Old age should be understood in developmental perspectives with proactive and meaning-making view of life. Old age is indeed an active developmental process for fuller, up-graded and more matured conditions despite obstacles due to biological aging. It is a challenge for change of old self upsetting old beliefs, and to make meanings to new ideas and patterns. Thus old age welcomes new experiences in which hidden capabilities are found and materialized. They realize the rights to refuse, choose and organize with increased sensitivities on life, self and conditions for their growth. This challenge against risks and for openness with wisdom of experiences lead life of an old age to be creative. Creativity sets off old people to advantage.
Ageism ; Aging ; Creativity ; Human Rights ; Longevity