The patient was a 7 months old Korean girl, who was admitted to Department of Ophthalmology of the Seoul National University Hospital, with 6 months history of the left eyelid swelling and exophthalmos. Visual acuity and ocular movement were unaffected. Orbit CT revealed 1.5x.5 cm sized well circumscribed intraconal mass in the left retrobulbar space with pressure erosion of adjacent bone. At surgery, the mass was pinkish gray and firm, and was adherent to adjacent tissue. The whole mass could not be removed, and a local excision was done.

Gas tamponade is sometimes necessary after vitrectomy. Accurate measurement of intraocular pressure(IOP) in gas-filled eye is important, but is hard to get in operating table, because of lack of a good measuring device. Schiotz tonometry is the only possible method, but it usually gives a lower value than real, because gas-filled eye has a greater compressibility. But if the Schiotz tonometry can give a consistant value in relation to the real value, one can assume a true IOP by simply converting the value, and it will help the vitrectomy surgeon. Vitrectomy with or without lensectomy were done in 7 pigmented rabbits, and fluidair exchange were done at the end of the surgery. Intraocular pressure was monitored by an air infusion system, and true IOP was measured by a transducer from the anterior chamber. Schiotz tonometry was done ar each 5mmHg IOP level, and the values were compared. Schiotz tonometry always gave a lower pressure, and the discrepancy seemed to be greater in aphakic eye, and when the heavier plunger weight were used. Conversion equation was suggested, and their reliability was discussed.
Anterior Chamber ; Intraocular Pressure* ; Manometry ; Operating Tables ; Rabbits ; Transducers ; Vitrectomy*

No abstract available.
Behcet Syndrome*

No abstract available.
Behcet Syndrome*

Advanced glycation end-product(AGE)is known as a factor causing diabetic retinopathy, but little is known about its effect on the function of outer blood-retinal barrier. To test whether AGE can increase the permeability of outer blood-retinal barrier, we injected glycated albumin into white rabbit eyes and observed the change of the fundus and of the outer blood-retinal barrier permeability. The rabbit retina in medullary ray was thickened in AGE-injected eyes. Intravenously injected microperoxidase, tracer molecule, was found in outer sensory retinal layer and outside of the retinal pigment epithelium in AGE-injected eyes. These results suggest that intraocularly injected AGE can increase the outer blood-retinal barrier permeability.
Blood-Retinal Barrier* ; Diabetic Retinopathy ; Permeability ; Retina ; Retinal Pigment Epithelium ; Retinaldehyde

Necrolytic migratory erythema is a rare, distinctive, necrotizing cutaneous eruption usually associated with glucagonoma, an alpha-cell tumor of the pancreas. Other clinical features include ane- mia, diabetes mellitus and weight loss. However, it also occurrs without the pancreatic glucagonoma. So this rare condition is called pseudoglucagonoma syndrome, and has been described in association with chronic hepatic diseases, malabsorption with villous atrophy, chronic pancreatitis, celiac sprue, hypoproteinemia and odontogenic infection. We report a case of pseudoglucagonoma syndrome induced by malnutrition without glucagonoma. A 28-year-old Korean female was referred to our department complaining of multiple erythematous, desquamative, crusted and erosive patches on the extremities, and diffuse scalp alopecia for 5 years. She also had perianal erosion, angular cheilitis without glossitis, amenorrhea, axillary and pubic hair loss, and weight loss. Six years previously she had had Whipples operation for a pancreatic solid and papillary neoplasm. The laboratory data showed hypoalbuminemia, essential fatty acid deficiency, diabetes mellitus and slightly high levels of zinc and glucagon. A skin biopsy showed irregular acanthosis, epidermal edema and pallor, dyskeratosis, areas of superficial epidermal necrosis and vascular dilatation of the papillary dermis. The patient improved dramatically after intravenous hyperalimentation and oral intake of mediurn chain triglyceride. For 2.5 years she has taken medium-chain triglycerides without any other treatment, and no side effects on recurrence has been observed.
Adult ; Alopecia ; Amenorrhea ; Atrophy ; Biopsy ; Celiac Disease ; Cheilitis ; Dermis ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Dilatation ; Edema ; Extremities ; Female ; Glossitis ; Glucagon ; Glucagonoma ; Hair ; Humans ; Hypoalbuminemia ; Hypoproteinemia ; Malnutrition ; Necrolytic Migratory Erythema* ; Necrosis ; Pallor ; Pancreas ; Pancreatitis, Chronic ; Parenteral Nutrition, Total ; Recurrence ; Scalp ; Skin ; Triglycerides* ; Weight Loss ; Zinc

Suprofen eye drop was instilled into one eye of 10 pigmented rabbits and then anterior uveitis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of endotoxin of Shigella flexneri serotype 1A to evaluate the effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug on endotoxin induced uveitis. The pupillary diameters were measured, and aqueous cell and flare gradings were recorded in 20 eyes of 10 rabbits for one week at an interval of 12 hours for the first 24 hours and then every 24 hours for a week. A difference between the treated and control groups were investigated. All the above parameters showed greatest changes at 12 or 24 hours after injection and became normal by one week. The two groups demonstrated statistically significant difference at 12 hours, day 1 and day 2 as for pupillary diameter, at day 1 and day 2 as for cell and at 12 hours and day 1 as for flare. Thus, it can be concluded that prostaglandins play a role in miosis, in the appearance of inflammatory cells and flare in endotoxin induced uveitis and the topical administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug can alleviate signs of anterior uveitis. Specific relationship between leukotriene B4 and aqueous cell was not demonstrated.
Administration, Topical ; Animals ; Cell Count ; Endotoxins ; Rabbits ; Shigella flexneri ; Suprofen/*therapeutic use ; Uveitis, Anterior/*drug therapy/pathology

A study of the knowledge, attitude and practices about the maternal and child health of 305 married women residing in apartments at the Yonsei community Health area was conducted during the period from November to December 1970 using designed questionnaire with well trained interviews. The results and findings obtained from the study are summarized as follows : A. Pregnancy and Birth. Questions were asked about their last child. 1. 16.4% of the women were pregnant. 2. Among 281 women who hand experienced delivery, 48.0% were assisted by doctor or midwives for their last delivery, while the rest of women delivered their last baby at home without any professional's assistance. The higher the level of education or the greater exposure to mass communication, the more the deliveries were assisted by doctors or midwives. Those women who were born and raised in cities had more deliveries assisted by doctors and midwives than those who were not. 3. Kinds of delivery sheets used. Among 141 cases of home delivery 68% used cement bag paper or vinyl sheets. Three% used nothing and remained used unsterile materials. 4. Among 141 cases of home delivery, 70.2% used scissors. The rest of them used other methods. 5. 47.3% of the women had a rest for one month or more after birth. The higher the level of education, the longer the period of rest was observed. 6. 52.4% of the women fed the colostrum to their babies. This was not related to the mother's education. 7. About half(42.9%) of the women had poor knowledge about a proper diet for the pre and post natal period. B. Child Health. 1. Knowledge and practice regarding to the immunization for their children : Most of the women (93.2%) could name at least one kind of immunization. 20.3% could name 6 kinds of immunization. Mothers education level did not influence their ability to name immunizations. 85.2% of children had been immunized at least once. 2. Morbidity of last born children : 48.1% of their last born children were found to have been sick during the last year. Less than half (41.5%) of the sick children were seen by doctor. 3. Counselling at well baby clinic : most of the women (76.5%) had no counselling for their children. Registration rate at the well baby clinic at the Severance Hospital was 13.2%. 45.9% wanted to visit to the well baby clinic at the Severance Hospital. 4. Weaning Period : 44.6% said that the beginning of the weaning for their last born children was from 6 months to twelve months of age. The most important reason of weaning was the health of both mothers and children. 5. Knowledge and Practice regarding birth and death Registration : 64.6% of the women could name correctly the Ku-office as the place for the registration. Only 29.2% registered the birth of their last born children within 14 days. C. Knowledge, Attitude and Practice regarding to family planning Most : of the women accepted the idea of family planning. 97.7% could name at least one contraceptive method. 35.4% were found to be current users of countraceptive methods. The ideal number of children was 3.1 in average.
Child ; Child Health* ; Child* ; Colostrum ; Contraception ; Diet ; Education ; Family Planning Services ; Female ; Hand ; Humans ; Immunization ; Midwifery ; Mothers ; Parturition ; Pregnancy ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Weaning

The 291 eyes of the 280 retinal detachment patients were analyzed for general state of the retinal detachment, and 261 eyes of 250 patients were analyzed for the result of surgery. About half (49.3%) of the patient were between 20~39 years of age, and 8.6% were bilateral. Men were affected more than women (71.7:28.3). Round holes were predominant (54.3%), then horse-shoe tears (23.1%). Most were located at superior temporal quadrant, but dialysis were predominant at inferior temporal quadrant. Most (68.4%) of the patient were myopic, and aphakic patients were 9.4%, and trauma were associated in 10.3% of cases. The overall success rate of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment was 74.0%. The kind, number of the holes showed no effect on the success rate, only giant tears showed poor success rate. The age showed no effect on the success rate, except the group below 10 years of age, which showed poor success rate. The good pre-op vision, the normal IOP, The short duration, and small localized detachment had favorable effect on success rate. The repetition of the operation, and aphakia showed unfavorable effect. The shorter the duration, the lower the degree of the myopia, and the better the pre-op vision, were the final vision better. The cryopexy wns less associated with complications than diathermy. The most frequent causes of failure were giant tear and MVR. If the tear was not detected, the prognosis was poor, and nonrhegmatogenous retinal detachment showed poor prognosis.
Aphakia ; Dialysis ; Diathermy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Myopia ; Prognosis ; Retinal Detachment* ; Retinaldehyde*

The results of diabetic vitrectomy on eyes with severe proliferative fibrovascular membranes are often disappointing, because of difficulties in removing the membranes. But we sometimes observe the regression of the proliferative fibrovascular membranes when the antero-posterior tractional force become released. Hence we compared the surgical prognosis of proliferative diabetic retmopathy according to the severity of proliferation and whether removal of antero-posterior vitreoretinal traction was complete or not. The results showed that the anatomic success rate and final visual acuities(VA) were significantly better in less-severe proliferation group(LSPG) than in severe prolif era tion group(SPG). In SPG, the anatomic success rate and VA tended to be better when we were able to remove the antero-posterior vitreoretinal adhesion completely whether the removal of preretinal membranes was complete or not. When complete removal of the diabetic fibrovascular membrane is difficult due to severe proliferation and broad adhesion, complete removal of anter-posterior traction only could be an alternative in diabetic vitrectomy.
Membranes ; Prognosis ; Traction ; Vitrectomy