This paper introduces an assist system for the blind.It utilizes ultrasonic to measure the distance and speed.Then the distance signal is converted to position of slip block and the speed signal is converted to tone.The main function of this sytem is to assist the blind to determine distance and speed of objects.It is practical,Simple and inexpensive.

OBJECTIVE:To study the bio-equivalence of domestic loratadine syrup and tablets in human beings.METHODS:a dose fo40mg domestic loratadine(syrup or tablet)was given to18healthy male volunteers to a randomized crossover design.Blood samples were collected before administration and20min,40min,1hr,1.5hr,2hr,3hr,4hr,6hr,8hr,12hr,24h after administration.The concentrations of Loratadine in blood were determined by HPLC.Pharmacokinetic parameters and relative bio-availability were detected with3p97program.RESULTS:The main pharmacokinetic parameters of domestic Lortadine syrup and tablet were as follows:C max were(40.91?15.42)ng/ml and(41.57?18.68)ng/ml respectively;T max were(1.04?0.19)h and(1.19?0.25)h respectively;T 1/2 were(4.43?1.67)h and(4.21?1.49)h respectively;AUC 0～24 we_ re(127.60?46.28)(ng?h)/ml and(133.13?45.65)(ng?h)/ml respectively;AUC 0～∞ were(132.98?47.43)(ng?h)/ml and(138.16?47.26)(ng?h)/ml respectively.The relative bio-availability was(96.25?21.30)%.CONCLUSION:the do?mestic Lortadine syrup and tablet are bio-equivalent.

Objective To analyze the death cases of hospitalized children in Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College from January 2004 to December 2013,and to detect the age distribution of deaths,the total cost and cost of different diseases,length of hospital stays,season distribution of deaths and mortality rates trends.Methods Five hundred and thirty-one death cases of 0-18 years old hospitalized children from 219 429 cases in Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College during January 2004 to December 2013 were collected and analyzed.Results From January 2004 to December 2013,the total mortality rate of hospitalized children was 0.24％ (531/219 429 cases).The mortality rate of 0-28 d was highest (0.77％).The average economic cost of dead cases was 3.4 times compared with other hospitalized cases,three diseases with highest treatment expenses were congenital malformation,deformations and chromosomal abnormalities ; as well as the respiratory system diseases and tumor.Median hospital stay of the dead cases was 5.8 days.The top five causes of death were certain conditions originating in the perinatal period,such as congenital malformation,deformations and chromosomal abnormalities ; injury,poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes;certain infectious and parasitic diseases;diseases of the respiratory system.From January 2004 to December 2013,the mortality rate declined from 0.34％ to 0.12％ (x2 =67.138,P ＜ 0.001),and it was in a descending order.Conclusions Related departments of government should pay more attention to perinatal care,promote the congenital diseases screening,prevent respiratory infections,improve the level of emergency room,reduce poisoning and traffic accidents.And different measures should be taken according to the different characteristics of the death causes of different age groups.

Objective To study the disseminated Staphylococcus aureus infection (DSAI) in children. Method Clinical features, treatment and prognosis data of 14 children with DSAI admitted to Yuying Children’s Hospital Afifliated to Wenzhou Medical University from January 2006 to December 2013 was retrospectively reviewed. Results 14 children with DSAI occurred in community, median age:15m (range 6d–13y);50%male (7 cases). All patients presented with fever. Addition to fever, the ifrst symptom was skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs,6 cases) as well as limb and/or joint pain (5 cases). Among children with DSAI, white blood cell count and C-reactive protein values increased signiifcantly. Pyogenic infection site were skin and soft tissue in 12 cases (85.7%), pulmonary (12 cases), bone (4 cases), joint (3 cases), central nervous system (3 case), and pericardium (1 case). SSTIs concurrent with pulmonary infection was found in 10 cases (71.4%). Incision and drainage of skin and soft tissue abscesses were performed in 9 cases, joint debridement and vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) in 3 cases, osteomyelitis debridement and VSD in 3 cases, and closed chest drainage in 3 cases. All cases received vancomycin and/or linezolid treatment, 5 cases supplemented by rifampicin, and intravenous immune globulin therapy was administered in 11 cases. Clinical manifestations were cured or improved in 12 cases (85.7%). Conclusions Clinical diagnosis of DSAI in children needs to be vigilant. SSTIs, bone and joint infections were major precipitating factors. Intravenous immune globulin therapy was supplemented to the application of antibiotics, which might get better clinical outcomes in children.

Objective:To investigate the effects of the anti-TLR2 antibody blocking TLR2 signaling pathway on inflammatory response in Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia murine models.Methods: Sixty C57BL/6J mice were divided randomly into normal control,SA pneumonia,and anti-TLR2 antibody group,killed 3 and 8 days after inoculation respectively.Normal control mice inoculated sterile PBS intranasally ,SA pneumonia mice inoculated SA ,anti-TLR2 antibody group of mice injected with anti-TLR2 antibody by tail vein and then inoculated SA intranasally.At the predetermined point , the colony-forming units ( CFU ) of bacteria were higher , leukocytes and neutrophil percentage were counted in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid ( BALF ) , the concentrations of KC and IL-10 in BALF and serum were assayed by ELISA ,changes in pulmonary histopathology were observed with HE staining and TLR 2 expression was detected by immunohistochemical.Results:3 days after intranasal inoculation ,the concentrations of KC and IL-10 in BALF and serum was increased in SA pneumonia mice , pulmonary histopathology changes significantly in HE staining.Compared with SA pneumonia mice,the CFU of bacteria were higher,leukocytes count and neutrophil percentage ,the concentrations of KC in BALF and serum,as well as HE pathological scores were reduced significantly in anti-TLR2 antibody group mice ,while no significant difference in IL-10.8 days after intranasal inoculation , HE pathological scores of anti-TLR2 antibody group mice were significantly lower than SA pneumonia group mice ,the CFU of bacteria in BALF were not statistically different between those two groups.Conclusion:Anti-TLR2 antibody attenuates the production of inflammatory mediators and inflammatory cell infiltration in SA pneumonia mice .

Objective To investigate the factors associated with contralateral recurrence of primary spontaneous pneumothorax And prosvide referencee for how to prevent primary spontaneous Pneumothrorax with Contralateral recurrence.Methods From January 2006 to December 2011,the clinical follow-up data of 203 patients with primary spontaneous pneumothorax were reviewed.The median follow-up time was 43 months.Results Two hundred and three patients developed 241 recurrences,among which 27 patients had contralateral recurrences.The average time of contralateral recurrence was 20.19 months.Patients with contralateral recurrence of primary spontaneous pneumothorax had smaller age(P ＜ 0.05),lower body weight (P ＜ 0.05) and lower body mass index (P ＜0.01).All patients with contralateral recurrence of primary spontaneous pneumothorax received surgical treatment and were found bullae during surgery.Three patients had unilateral recurrences of pneumothorax during follow up,with single-stage bilateral video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for bilateral primary spontaneous pneumothorax.Conclusions Contralateral recurrence of primary spontaneous pneumothorax is more common in patients with small age,low body weight and low body mass index.These patients could perform high-resolution computerized tomographic scan of the lung before surgery.Single-stage bilateral video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery may be considered for these patients with contralateral bullae on high-resolution computerized tomographic scan of the lung to prevent contralateral recurrence of primary spontaneous pneumuothorax.

Objective To develop an overall health risk model and to evaluate its convergent validity and reliability.Methods Health examination results of 230 adults from a public institution were collected by using Chinese Health Risk Appraisal Questionnaire V1.0 (CHRAQ V1.0).An CHRAQ V1.0-based overall health risk model was then developed,which included 34 items.Kolmogorov-Smirnov was used to test normal distribution of the data.Pearson correlation coefficient and Spearman correlation coefficient were used to evaluate parallel validity of the model.Crane Bach coefficient,Spearman-Brown coefficient and test-retest reliability were calculated to evaluated the reliability of the model.Results In this study,212 valid questionnaires (92.17％) were received.The average score of the newly developed overall health risk model was 41.96 ± 9.69,and its kurtosis coefficient and coefficient of skewness were 2.105 and 0.862,respectively.In Kolmogorov-Smirnov,the data were normally distributed (Z =1.073,P =0.199).The correlation coefficient of positive rate of all objective examinations with model scores was 0.774 (P ＜ 0.05).The Cronbach's alpha coefficient,Spearman-Brown coefficient and test-retest reliability of the model were 0.652,0.784 and 0.841,respectively (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion In this investigation,our newly developed overall health risk model shows good validity and reliability and application prospect in the field of health management.

Objective To evaluated the early and mid-term results of arterial switch operation (ASO) for patients with intramural coronary artery.Methods From September 2008 to March 2012,75 patients underwent ASO at Guangzhou Women and Children Medical Center for repair of transposition of the great arteries and Taussig-Bing anomaly.Among these patients,7patients (9.3％) had an intramural coronary artery.Mean age at operation was 2.4 months (2 days to 1 year) and mean body weight was(4.3 ±2.2) kg.The TGA and VSD in 3 cases,TGA/IVS in 2,and Taussig-Bing anomaly in 2.Among them 3 patients had an aortic arch anomaly,interruption of the aortic arch in 1 and coarctation of the aorta in 1.The individual coronary button technique was used in coronary transfer in 7 patients,of whom one patient required to unroof the intramural segment,an-other one required to unroof the intramural segment and enlarge with autologous pericardium the because of myocardial ischemia.There was 1 operative death because of low cardiac output syndrome.This patient underwent a coronary transfer combining aortic arch repair but without unroofing the stenotic intramural segment.The mortality was 14.2％.In the same period the mortality for 68 patients without an intramural coronary artery was 4.4％ (3/68).There was no statistical difference in mortalitv between the patients with and without an intramural coronary artery (P ＞ 0.05).Results 6 patients follow-up 4 to 47months.There was no late death.No intramural coronary artery obstruction was identified by cardiac computerize temography.All patients had normal ventricular function and were in NYHA class Ⅰ during follow-up.The intramural coronary artery is well known as a risk factor of ASO.Conclusion The technique of coronary transfer should be individually adapted to each anatomical situation.Individual technique for coronary transfer has excellent results.

Objective To evaluate the results of surgical treatment for patients with heterotaxy syndrome and cardiac anomaly.Methods From September 2008 to October 2013,34 patients with heterotaxy syndrome underwent 46 cardiac operations at Guangzhou Women and Children Medical Center.22 were male,and 12 female.Mean age at operation was 22 months (4 months to 14 year).There were right atrial isomerism 24 cases,left atrial isomerism 10 cases.Only one had a single VSD,and others were all with complex cardiac anomaly,including complete atrioventricular canal defect 26 cases,tricuspid atresia 4 cases,mitral atresia 1 case,anomalous pulmonary venous connection 18 cases,pulmonary venous stenosis 4 cases,double superior vena cava 17 cases,and interrupted hepatic portion of the inferior vena cava 5 cases.Fontan procedure was performed in 5 patients,bidirectional Glenn in 13,Kawashima in 3,central shunt in 1,atrioventricular valve replacement in 5,and pulmonary artery banding in 5.Results There were 4 died during hospitalization.The follow-up duration was 1 month to 5 years.There were 2 died.The early to middle term mortality was 17.6％ (6/34).In the same period the mortality for 103 patients without heterotaxy syndrome underwent univentricular repair was 4.8％ (5/103).There was significant statistical difference (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Right heart bypass operation remains the preferred palliative procedure for patients with heterotaxy syndrome,and the eraly and middle term results were satisfied.

Objective To review the outcomes of atrioventricular valve replacement in patients with functional single ventricle and evaluate risk factors for mortality.Methods Retrospectively reviewed our experience with atrioventricular valve (AVV replacement) in patients with functional single ventricle from January 2008 to December 2014.Outcome included mortality and valve-related complications.Results Thirteen patients required AVV replacement.Prosthetic valve type was St.Jude bileaflet mechanical mitral valve.Valve size ranged from 27 to 31 mm,including 27 mm in 2,29 mm in 7,and 31 mm in 4 patients.Median age at valve replacement was 4.5 years(range:1.2 years to 18.0 years).Concomitant procedures included bidirectional Glenn shunt in 3,pulmonary artery banding in 1,and repair of pulmonary vein stenosis in 1 patient.There were four early deaths with a perioperative mortality of 30.8％.Complications after AAV replacement included complete atrioventricuiar block in 1,intracerebral hemorrhage in 1 patient due to valve-related anticoagulation.No patient had perivalvular leakage.There was one late death during a mean follow-up of 3 years (range:0.5-5.0 years).Five-year Kaplan-Meier survival was 61.5％.Fisher exact probability test showed that lower weight(＜ 10 kg) at operation and prosthetic size/weight ratio ＞ 2.0 were risk factors for overall mortality.Of the survival patients,functional status is NYHA class Ⅰ in 3,class Ⅱ in 5.No patient developed valve-related complications.Conclusion Atrioventricular valve replacement can be performed in patients with functional single ventricle with acceptable mortality.Lower weight and increased prosthetic size/weight ratio at operation were significantly associated with worse survival.