Stem cells are the origin cells of human body with high proliferation ability, multi-directional differentiation potential and self-renewal ability, which can be divided into embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells.In recent years, great progress has been made in the research and developnent of bone tissue engineering, and applied in more and more hospitals.Research on stem cells brings new hope to oral tissue engineering and has an important significance for bone regeneration.To obtain the seed cells with strong proliferation ability and osteogenic potential is critical for bone tissue engineering construction.Odontogenic stem cells, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, adipose tissue-derived stem cells and embryonic stem cells have become important sources of bone tissue regeneration therapy due to their excellent regeneration and differentiation potential.This review aims to summarize the bone regeneration ability of stem cells which draws more attentions at present, and discuss the application prospect.

Objective To establish an animal experimental model of immediately peri-implant bone defects in rabbit mandibular anterior teeth,and to investigate the osteogenetic capability of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) on bone defects around implant.Methods Eight rabbits were involved,whose bilateral mandibular anterior teeth were removed to form the bone defects with 2 mm × 3 mm area on the buccal side of tooth extraction sockets,and then the implants were implanted immediately.The rabbits were divided into two groups.The implants were Bio-oss with DPSCs and Bio-oss with phosphate buffer saline respectively for the experimental group and the control group.The bone regeneration in the defect region was evaluated by general observation,hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and Goldner trichrome staining and scanning electron microscope (SEM) at 4 weeks after implantation.Results The implantations were successfully conducted,and the implants were stable.There was no significant difference between the implants.The results of the HE staining and the trichrome staining showed that in the experimental group,new bone tissue and partial woven bone formed,and the properties of the newly formed bone cells were large,abundant,well differentiation,and arranging in woven pattern.While in the control group,the new bone-like tissue formation was less,and the mature cell differentiation was ordinary.The SEM results showed that there was a higher osteointegration between the new bone and the implant in the experimental group comparing with the control group.Conclusions The capability of Bio-oss with DPSCs is relatively superior to single Bio-oss in osteogenesis and osseointegration.