Objective To study the effect of Jieyuyubao prescription on endometrial pinopodes and HOXa-10 mRNA in chronic stress rats , and reveal the regulatory mechanisms of the endometrial receptivity. Methods Totally 48 SPF SD rats were randomly divided into three groups with weight stratified: normal control group (group A), model control group (group B) and experimental drug group (group C). Rat model of chronic stress was established in group B and group C. On the first day of stimulation, Jieyuyubao solution (1 g·mL-1 ) was intragastrically administered (11. 8 mL·kg-1 ) to the rats of group C at 9:00 am, once daily, and stopped giving at the fourth day of pregnancy (pd4) after being confirmed by vaginal smears. Purified water (11. 8 mL·kg-1 ) was intragastrically administered to the rats of group A and group B at 9:00 am. All the rats were mated at the sex ratio of female:male = 2:1 at 16:00 pm on the 21st day. The rats were sacrificed at the pd4. Maturity of endometrium pinopodes was assessed under transmission electron microscope. HOXa-10 mRNA content was evaluated by real-time fluorescence-PCR. Results The maturity of pinopodes was as follows: the maturity score of normal control group, model control group and experimental group was (2. 7 ± 0. 3), (1. 3 ± 0. 3), and (2. 1 ± 0. 2), respectively, with significant difference between experimental drug group and model control group (P<0. 05). HOXa-10 mRNA expression was significantly decreased in model control group (0. 658±0. 031) as compared with normal control group (0. 965±0. 102) (P<0. 05). Conclusion Jieyuyubao prescription maybe increase the number and maturity of pinopodes through promoting HOXa-10 mRNA expression in endometrial epithelium cells, and then improve endometrial receptivity.