The present study is designed to investigate the histochemical changes of cholinesterase, norepinephrine in nuc. Supraopticus and locus coeruleus of rats following electo-acupuncture and their possible relation to pain threshold. The preliminary results indicated that the elevation of pain threshold following electro-acupuncture concomittantly with increase in histochemical reaction of cholinesterase, and norepinephrine both in nuc. Supraopticus and locus coeruleus of electro-acupunctured rats. The increase in intensity was shown to be correlated with the elevation of pain threshold. The intensity of increased cholinesterase activity was more obvious in the animals with pain threshold elevated for above two folds than those elevated only one fold. On the other hand, the higher intensity of norepinephrine was obser ed in locus coeruleus with one fold of elevation of pain threshold. The significance of the changes in these two nuclei and their possibld function were briefly discussed.

AIM: To investigate whether small GTPase RhoA's downstream effector Rho kinase mediates burn serum-induced endothelial hyperpermeability. METHODS: Primary cultured rat dermal microvascular endothelial cells (DMECs) were exposed to serum isolated from burned or sham burn rats for 6 hours and 8 hours, respectively, and did or didn't pretreated or post-treated with Y-27632 (30 ?mol/L), a specific inhibitor of Rho kinase. ECs were then prepared for routine scanning electron microscopy observation, or stained with rhodamine-phalloidin for F-actin visualization. Permeability to FITC-albumin was evaluated using EC monolayers. RESULTS: Stimulation with 15% burn serum for 6 h changed the ultrastructure on cellular surface of DMECs with appearance of ripple marks instead of microvillus. The small protuberances at cellular lateral were shorten and the gaps were seen between adjacent cells. Post-treatment of Y-27632 reversed the changes of ultrastructure on the cellular surface. Burn serum induced a striking reorganization of actin cytoskeleton with a weakening of fluorescent intensity of the peripheral filament bands and formation of the long and thick stress fibers, lamellipodia and filopodia. The stress fibers were diminished by pretreatment or post-treatment of Y-27632. But lamellipodia and filopodia were not influenced by pretreatment or post-treatment of Y-27632. Pre-treatment of Y-27632 also attenuated significantly the increase in EC monolayer permeability stimulated by burn serum for 6 h. However, post-treatment of Y-27632 could not attenuated burn serum-induced endothelial hyperpermeability response although their Pa values were lower than simple burn serum group's. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that Rho kinase is involved in the mediation of burn serum-induced endothelial actin cytoskeleton reorganization and early stage of barrier dysfunction. [

Experiment teaching is a major part of medical education,which plays an important role in cultivating science thought and creative ability.In order to further deepen functional experiment teaching reform,this paper generalized the achievements and the problems in function experiment centre operation.It also proposed the new trend in the next step of reform.

Objective To explore the clinicopathological features,immunohistochemical characteristics of gastrointestinal anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL).Methods Clinical manifestations,histology and immunophenotype of three cases diagnosed with gastrointestinal ALCL were analyzed with the review of related literatures.Results The clinical manifestations of gastrointestinal ALCL were of no characteristical changes.The pathological features were pleomorphic in which some bizarre,horseshoed or kidney-shaped nuclei were seen.The characteristic of one of the three cases was shown as sarcomatoid.All cases expressed LCA,CD3,CD4,CDs,CD45Ro,CD30,two out of three cases expressed ALK protein,otherwise they were negative for B cell related antigens,CD15 and muscle,nerve,epithelium originated antigens.Conclusions ALCL of the gastrointestinal tract is extremely rare as one of the lymphatic hematopoietic system tumors.No definite clinical characteristic is seen in the gastrointestinal ALCL with high grade malignancy.It is easily misdiagnosed as carcinomas or other sarcomas.It is necessary to use biopsy to make a pathological diagnosis.

Objective To establish a dot blot hybridization technique for rapid detection of staphylococci and methicillin-resistant staphylococci.Methods Three pairs of primers were designed according to nuc gene of staphylococcus aureus,mecA gene of methicillin-resistance,tuf gene of staphylococci.Specific DNA probes were synthesized by polymerase chain reaction and labeled with biotin.The bacterial DNA inoculated on nitrocellulose filter was hybridized with these probes.The sensitivity and specificity were detected.Results The DNA probes with 270bp,310bp and 370bp were amplified by the three pairs of primers respectively.The probes were specific.Among 50 clinical isolates of staphylococcus aureus tuf and nuc gene were all positive and mecA gene in 22 isolates were positive.Positive rate of tuf,nuc and mecA gene in 30 staphylococcus epidermidis were 100%,0 and 30% (9/30) respectively.No hybridization in other non-staphylococci occurred.The established method could detect as low as 1ng of bacterial DNA.Conclusion The dot blot hybridization is of high value in rapid,effective identification of methicillin-resistant staphylococci.

Objective To discuss the pathological and clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of prostatic duct adenocareinoma. Methods The clinical data of nine cases of prostatic duct adeno-carcinoma were retrospectively analyzed, with the average age of 76 (59-106) years. Six cases were presented with dysuresia and/or nocturia, and two of them had the painless gross hematuria. Two pa-tients presented painless gross hematuria as the first symptom. One case was detected the elevated ser-um PSA in a routine healthy examination. Radical prostatectomy (RP) was performed in 1 case;RP and bilateral orchidectomy and external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) were performed in 1 case;5 cases underwent transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) combined with photoselective vaporization of the prostate (PVP) by green laser and bilateral orchidectomy;1 case underwent TURP combined with PVP;1 case underwent bilateral orchidectomy combined with EBRT. Eight cases took flutamide for 3-45 months. All patients were followed-up according to the scheduled time. Results The op-erations were successfully performed in all 9 patients. The papillary or cauliflower-like tumors infiltra-ted colli culus seminalis and prostate duct nearby. The glands were coated with tall pseudostratified columnar cells. The nuclei were large, dark stained with more frequent mitoses. The positive rates of immunolabelling antibody PSA, AR, PAP were found to be 89%(8/9), 100%(5/5), 100%(5/5) re-spectively. The distribution of Gleason score was 6-7(3 cases), and≥8(6 cases), and a coexisting acinar carcinoma component was identified in 5 cases of the group. Nine cases had a mean follow up for 20(3-48) months. Five cases have developed biochemical recurrence, of whom 3 died of bone metas-tasis and multiple organ failure, and 1 developed lung and bone metastasis. Three cases remained alive without recurrence. The remaining 1 case survives during the follow-up survey for 6 months until now, without examinations due to the old age. Conclusions Duct adenocarcinoma of the prostate presents the low incidence and lacks of typical symptoms in the early stage. Diagnosis was confirmed mainly on the basis of pathology. The tumors tend to have a more advanced stage and a very short term survival rate. The treatment options and management are similar to that of high-grade adenocar-cinoma of the prostate;meanwhile, close follow-up survey should be performed.

Objective To explore the prognostic significance in monitoring minimal residual disease (MRD) in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) by a simple method,and to detect cloned immunoglobulin H (IgH) and T cell receptor γ (TCRγ) gene rearrangements by using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and automated fragment analysis.Methods Bone marrow samples were collected from 86 newly diagnosed cases of childhood ALL at the Department of Pediatrics,the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University,from May of 2009 to August of 2013.IgH and TCRγ gene rearrangements were amplified by qualitative multiplex PCR.The clonality of PCR production was analyzed by GENEMAPPERID software.Only those carried monoclonal IgH/TCRγ on diagnosis were arranged to monitor MRD.Detectable monoclonal IgH/TCRγby the end of induction was defined as MRD positive.All patients were treated with GD2008 ALL protocol.Clinical data of all newly-diagnosed ALL patients in the corresponding period were reviewed.The final follow-up on May 31,2014.Survival rates and event free survival (EFS) curves were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier,and compared by using the log-rank test.Results The percent age of 94.2 (81/86 cases) patients was at least 1 marker positive.Subsequent MRD was monitored in 79 cases.The median follow-up time was 20 months (9-61 months).By the end of induction,20 cases were MRD positive and 59 cases were M RD negative,and the 3-year EFS were 56.4％ ± 14.7％ and 94.0％ ± 3.4％ (x2 =8.563,P =0.003),respectively.According to the traditional prognostic stratification criteria,MRD was detected 65 cases in the non-high risk group:23 cases in standard risk group and 42 cases in intermediate risk group,and the difference of 3-year EFS had no statistical significance (95.3％ ±4.7％ vs 76.6％ ±9.0％,x2 =0.934,P =0.334).While using MRD by the end of induction as a risk stratification criterion,there was a statistical significant difference compared with the 3-year EFS for MRD-negative (n =52) group and MRD-positive (n =13) group (93.1％ ± 3.8％ and 59.5％ ± 16.2％,x2 =7.128,P =0.008).Conclusions It is a simple but feasible method to monitor MRD in childhood ALL by using this qualitative multiplex PCR with automated fragment analysis for monoclonal IgH/TCRγ gene rearrangements.MRD by the end of induction can be used as a more accurate risk stratification criterion than the traditional one.It is worth of further research.

Objective To observe the inhibitive effect of electro-acupuncture (EA)at Zusanli points (ST36)on inflammatory mediators of postoperative intra-abdominal adhesions and study the relationship between EA and cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway.Methods Forty-eight male Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups (each =8):Group A (control),Group B(abdominal adhesions model),Group C (abdominal adhesions plus EA),Group D(sham acu-point control),Group E (abdominal adhesions plus α-bungarotoxin )and Group F (abdominal adhesions plus EA after α-bungarotoxin).Animal models of abdominal adhesion were produced by Chiang’s path.Bilateral Zusanli points (ST36) and shame acupoints were electro-acupunctured at a constant voltage for 1 hour while rats were awake.The ɑ-BGT(1 μg/kg)was injected into the abdominal cavity after surgery.All the rats were sacrificed on the 3rd day,and the levels of inflammatory mediators (TNF-ɑ,NO and NOS)in tissues were evaluated.Results Three days after surgery,the damaged cecum of abdominal adhesion groups developed obvious edema that did not adhere with other tissues.Compared with sham control,the abdominal adhesion resulted in significant elevation of inflammatory mediators (TNF-ɑ,NO and NOS).EA at Zusanli points obviously lowered the elevated levels of inflammatory mediators (P <0.01 and P <0.05).EA at Zusanli points following the injection of ɑ-BGT showed less anti-inflammatory effect(P <0.01).Conclusion EA at Zusanli points significantly lowers the elevated levels of inflammatory mediators after abdominal adhesion challenge.The activation of cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway might be one of the mechanisms by which Zusanli points exert anti-inflammatory effects.

AIM: To observe the regulation of octreotide (OCT) on the expression of somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2) in Bel7402 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells, and the inhibition effect of OCT on the growth of HCC. METHODS: The effect of OCT on proliferative ability of Bel7402 cells was observed by MTT assay. The cell form was observed by light invert microscope. The adhesive and invasive ability was detected by cell adhesion and migration experiments. The cell cycle, SSTR2 expression of 7402 cells were determined by immunofluorescence flow cytometry. Nude mice bearing xenografts in situ were treated with OCT or saline control for 7 weeks since tumor implantation. The immunohistochemistry for SSTR2 was performed. SSTR2 mRNA expression in cell line and xenografts was measured by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS: After OCT treatment, the proliferative ability and cell form of 7402 cells didn't change significantly. The adhesive and invasive ability decreased significantly. The ratio of cells in resting state (G 0/G 1) increased, but no apoptosis peak was observed. The SSTR2 expression on 7402 cell membranes decreased significantly. SSTR2 expression in cell line of OCT group was higher than control group, but there was no significant difference between them. The mean tumor weight in mice given OCT was significantly lower than that in control group. SSTR2 immunostaining in tumor cells of treatment group showed stronger positivity, compared with control group. SSTR2 mRNA expression in xenografts after OCT treatment was significantly higher than that in control group. CONCLUSIONS: OCT inhibits the growth of HCC through SSTR2. SSTR2 is regulated by its ligand, the long-term OCT treatment increases the SSTR2 expression and enhances the effect of inhibiting HCC, however, short-term treatment may induce its desensitization and the decrease in anti-tumor effect. [