Graduate medical education, postgraduate medical education and continuing medi-cal education between China and the United States were compared in order to explore a better physi-cian training system of China. The physician training system of the United States has a series of ad-vantages such as strict access system, uniform training standard and closely linked among each stage, etc. We should make clear medical education standards and strengthen the cohesion between each stage, standardize the management mode and perfect the management system and promote regular as-sessment system.

Objective:To inspect and improve physician professionalism effectively and preliminarily build eval-uation index system for physician professionalism. Methods:A sample of 240 physicians selected randomly from 8 Three-A hospitals in Shanghai were investigated using a self-designed questionnaire. Then the method of analyt-ic hierarchy process was performed in this study to construct the evaluation model of physician professionalism and determine every index weight. Results: An index system was initially built for physician professionalism evalua-tion. This system comprised three level-1 indexes namely moral quality characteristics, achievement action char-acteristics and vocational cognitive characteristics, as well as 14 level-2 indexes that drew from level-1 including responsibility etc. , at the same time determined their weight distribution. The judgment matrix had completely con-sistency through consistency check, indicating that the weight coefficient can reflect the relative importance of every index. Conclusion:Moral quality characteristics is one of the most important components of physician professional-ism evaluation; responsibility consciousness and vocational ideal are vital for the growth of physicians; lifelong learning and communication skills with high weight reflects needs of modern health care industry development;medical ethics consciousness has a trend of strengthening in physician groups, and enhancing evaluation index sys-tem for physician professionalism has the operability.

BACKGROUND: The vibration of high speed handpiece during tooth preparation may have adverse effect on the continuous force of the bonding interfaces among the cement, dentin, and post core. OBJECTIVE: To find the effect of different types of cements on the coronal microleakage of fiber post under different tooth preparation timings, and to provide evidence for the clinical operation. METHODS: The extracted mandibular premolars were divided into 3 groups, and they were cemented by Rely X luting, Panavia F and Paracora 5 mL, respectively. Each group was averagely divided into 3 subgroups: A, B, C groups which were prepared 15 minutes, 45 minutes, and 90 minutes after the cements mixed. All roots were then dyed and transparented. The teeth were observed under stereoscopic microscope and the dyeing scores were also recorded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Rely X luting caused the highest coronal microleakage of fiber post, followed by Panavia F, while Paracore 5 mL, brought about the lowest under the same tooth preparation timing. Different tooth preparation timing caused no significant effect on the coronal microleakage of fiber post when the cement had been completely set.

Objective To investigate the expression of apoptosis-related neuclosome assembly protein-1(NAP-1) gene in related brain region of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine(MPTP) treated mice and beta-amyloid treated rats. Methods The animal models with central nervous system degeneration were established by consecutive administration of MPTP to C57BL mice and injection of beta-amyloid to brain ventricular of SD rats. The RNA in striatum and substantia nigra of mice and the RNA in cortex and hippocampus of rats were extracted. The levels of NAP-1 mRNA in these samples were estimated by RT-PCR. Results For mice, the expression of NAP-1 were decreased after MPTP treatment in substantia nigra, while its expression showed no significant change in striatum. In contrast, no effect on NAP-1 gene expression by beta-amyloid injection can be detected in cortex and hippocampus of rats. Conclusions The apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons in nigrostriatal pathway after MPTP treatment may be related to the expression of NAP-1 gene. But the mechanism of neurodegeneration after beta-amyloid injection in rats may be different.

Objective:To discuss the structure of medical humanistic curriculum system based on the research of quality features of excellent doctors .Methods:The goal , content and form of humanistic curriculum were based the factor of famous doctors'competencies which was build on the basis of literature review and experts'interview. Results:Ability and attitude or values accounted for high proportion of overall quality features .Humanities con-tained in most factors of excellent doctors'quality features;guiding significance of the structure of medical humanis-tic curriculum system is provided with excellent doctors'quality features .Conclusion:We should focus on the inte-gration of humanistic knowledge and practice , push humanities course into every stage of the medical education , further enrich category and quantity of medical humanities course and teaching form of medical humanities course , perfect the examination mode of medical humanities course in order to cultivate more excellent doctors .

【Objective】The chemical constituents of Viscum liquidambaricolum Hayata.were studied to screen the constituents with antitumor activity.【Methods】Chromatography was used for the isolation and purification of chemical constituents of Viscum liquidambaricolum Hayata..And their structures were identified on the basis of spectroscopic evidences and physiochemical properties.Meanwhile,the in-vitro antitumor activities of two kinds of triterpenoids and one kind of sitosterol were investigated.【Results】Four compounds were isolated from Viscum liquidambaricolum Hayata.and their structures were identified as genkwanin(1),?-amyrin acetate(2),erythrodiol(3) and ?-sitosterol(4).Compounds 2 and 3 had an inhibitory effect on mice sarcoma 180(S180),Ehrlich ascites carcinoma(EAC) and ascties hepatoma(HeAP),and compound 4 had an inhibitory effect on mice S180 and EAC,their half-inhibitory concentrations being less than 400??g/mL.【Conclusion】Compounds 1～4 are isolated from Viscum liquidambaricolum Hayata.for the first time,and compound 1 is isolated from Loranthaceae for the first time.Triterpenoids and steroids from Viscum liquidambaricolum Hayata.exert certain antitumor activity.

As a weapon of mass destruction ,the biological weapon , composed of biological warfare agents and their re-lease devices,is characterized by strong pathogenicity , large pollution areas, various routes of infection, low cost, user-friendliness and a large number of impact factors .Although the United Nations has banned the use of biological weapons , there are still some countries and regions that continue biological weapon researches .In addition, illegal use of biological warfare agents in the field of terrorism and non-military arena poses a serious threat to public safety .Early detection of bio-logical warfare agent use and determination of its type are crucial to biological weapon defense and epidemic control .There-fore, to enhance researches on rapid detection and early warning of biological warfare agents is of great significance .This paper reviews the main technologies currently applied to the field of biological warfare agent detection and their progress .

Objective: To study the influence of allopurinol and febuxostat on IL-1β and NALP3 levels and liver and kidney function in gout patients with hyperuricemia. Methods: A total of 108 patients with stable gout accompanied by hyperuricemia were selected and randomly divided into control group and observation group according to the digital table, with 54 cases in each group.The control group was given allopurinol 100mg/time, orally, 3 times/d.The observation group was given febuxostat 40mg/time, orally, 1 time/d.The two groups were treated 4 weeks for 1 course, continuous treatment for 6 courses.The contents of serum IL-1β and NALP3, and renal function[creatinine(Scr), urea nitrogen(BUN), glomerular filtration rate(GFR) and uric acid(UA)], liver function[alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)]of the two groups were detected, and the adverse reaction of the two groups were observed. Results: After treatment, the contents of serum IL-1β and NALP3 of the observation group decreased gradually, which were lower than those of the control group(t=1.910, 2.196, 4.954, 1.732, 5.944, 7.935, all P<0.05). After treatment, the blood UA of the two groups decreased significantly, the blood UA of the observation group was lower than the control group(t=9.772, P<0.05). The other kidney function indicators had no statistically significant differences between the two groups (t=0.082, 0.923, 1.395, all P>0.05). The liver function indicators of the two groups had no statistically significant differences(t=0.860, 0.563, all P>0.05). The incidence rate of adverse reactions in the observation group was 5.77%, which was lower than 20.75% in the control group(χ²=5.101, P=0.024). Conclusion Febuxostat in the treatment of gout with hyperuricemia can effectively reduce the level of serum UA, and inhibit the expression of inflammatory factors such as IL-1β and NALP3, with high safety, which is worthy of clinical promotion.

Objective To explore the systematic nursing intervention for patients with artificial anal bowel habit of effect.Methods Our hospital from May 2020 to select-treated 100 cases of artificial anal in May,2022 patients as the research object,the patients were randomly divided into control group and research group of consent of all the 50 cases,control group adopted routine nursing care,the team take systematic nursing intervention,compare the effect of two groups of patients with bowel movements.Results The team bowel habit each index compared with control group,difference has statistical significance(P<0.05).Conclusion Systematic nursing intervention to actively promote the use of clinical nursing work in the future.

Objective To explore the risk factors on cases regarding work-related acute pesticide poisoning among farmers of Jiangsu province.Methods A population-based,1 ∶ 2 matched case-control study was carried out,with 121 patients as case-group paired by 242 persons with same gender,district and age less then difference of 3 years,as controls.Cases were the ones who had suffered from work-related acute pesticide poisoning.A unified questionnaire was used.Data base was established by EpiData 3.1,and SPSS 16.0 was used for both data single factor and multi-conditional logistics regression analysis.Results Results from the single factor logistic regression analysis showed that the related risk factors were:lack of safety guidance,lack of readable labels befores praying pesticides,no regression during application,using hand to wipe sweat,using leaking knapsack,body contaminated during application and continuing to work when feeling ill after the contact of pesticides.Results from multi-conditional logistic regression analysis indicated that the lack of safety guidance (OR=2.25,95％ CI:1.35-3.74),no readable labels befores praying pesticides (OR=1.95,95％ CI:1.19-3.18),wiping the sweat by hand during application (OR=1.97,95％CI:1.20-3.24)and using leaking knapsack during application (OR=1.82,95％ CI:1.10-3.01) were risk factors for the occurrence of work-related acute pesticide poisoning.Conclusion The lack of safety guidance,no readable labels befores praying pesticides,wiping the sweat by hand or using leaking knapsack during application were correlated to the occurrence of work-related acute pesticide poisoning.