Objective To investigate the multidrug-resistance reversal action and mechanism of dihydroartemisin (DHA) on human colon cancer cell line HCT8/ADR. Methods The cytotoxicity of dihydroartemisin combined with doxorubicin(DOX) was determined by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT) assay and cell apoptosis was observed by flow cytometry. Western blot assay was used to measure the autophagy. Results The combined treatment with dihydroartemisin and doxorubicin significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity in HCT8/ADR cells and effectively increased the apoptotic level. Autophagy was also induced by the combined treatment , which maybe played a crucial role in the regulation of doxorubicin-sensitization of HCT8/ADR cells. Conclusion The results indicated that dihydroartemisin can reverse multidrug resistance through increasing the doxorubicin-sensitivity of HCT8/ADR cells.

Purpose To investigate the relation of Epstein-Barr virus ( EBV) infections and malignant lymphoma. Methods EBV-co-ded RNA ( EBER) was detected by in situ hybridization in tumor tissue of 81 cases of malignant lymphoma in oral, maxillofacial and neck regions, with analysis of the clinical pathological features. Results The detection frequencies of EBER was 44. 44%. The posi-tive detection of EBER in Hodgkin′s lymphomas was 40% and that in non-Hodgkin lymphomas was 45. 1%, including 75% in T cell lymphomas, 87. 5% in NK/T cell lymphomas and 2. 9% in B-cell lymphoma. The positive rates of EBER in T cell lymphomas and NK/T cell lymphomas were significantly higher than that in B-cell lymphoma (P<0. 05). There was a significant difference in the pos-itive rates of EBER between intra-nodal ( 17. 9%) and extra-nodal ( 58. 5%) lymphomas ( P<0. 05 ) . But there was no significant difference the positive rates of EBER between in lymphoma patients over 50 years of age and under the age of 50 patients (55. 9%) (P>0. 05). Conclusion Oral and maxillofacial and neck lymphoma is closely associated with EBV infection in Guangxi region, espe-cially, in which NK/T cell lymphoma most typically occurs in extra-nodal diffuse lymphoid tissues.

Objective:To study the pharmacokinetics,thissue distribution and secretion of nerve growth factor(NGF)in mice.Methods:The conecntration of NGF in various body fluids and tissue were determined by isotope tracer combined SDSPAGE method.Results:The plasma concenmtration-time curve was in accordance with the two-compartment pharmacokinetic model.The elimation half-life(t1/2β)was 3.1.The half-life of distribution(t1/2ka)was 5min.Tpeak was 25 min.AUC was 72.4 mg·kg-1·h-1.The concentrations of NGF were high in thyroid,blood,submaxillary glands,superior cervical ganglion,adrenasl and kidneys.Conclusion:NGF has a wide distribution,high tissue concentrationa nd excrtet mainly through the urine.

Aim Modelorganismzebrafishwasusedto study metabolites and metabolite profile of the gallic acid and protocatechuic acid of effective fractions of Polygonum capitatum,and discuss the feasibility and rationality of the model organism zebrafish in the study ofdrugmetabolism.Methods Thetwocomponents were exposed to model organism zebrafish after 24 h of solution treatment by using ultra-high performance liq-uid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry technology (UHPLC-Q-TOF MS ) method with mass defect filter (MDF ),and the data was treated with data mining software(Metabolite Tool-sTM).Results Afterzebrafishmetabolism,themain reactions of gallic acid and protocatechuic were methyl-ation sulfated. In addition to the two parent com-pounds,six phase II metabolites were identified,in-cluding four methyl sulfate products and two sulfation products.Conclusions Themetabolismofthegallic acid and protocatechuic acid of effective fractions of Polygonum capitatum by zebrafish presents phase Ⅱmetabolites,which is highly consistent with the meta-bolic mechanism of rats.Thus it indicates the rationali-ty of the methods.At the same time,it also provides the experimental basis for clarifying the substance basis of the drug.

Both unipolar depression (UD) and bipolar depression (BD) have obvious depression symptoms.Clinically,UD and BD are often misdiagnosed.Recently,MR imaging (MRI) has been used to detect biomarkers distinguishing BD and UD.This study will summarize previous studies on detecting biomarkers to distinguish BD and UD based on structural MRI,diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and functional MRI.Based on the current issues of previous studies,we further make prospective development of future studies in this field.

Objective To observe the effects of electroacupuncture on central inflammatory response and neurotransmitter release in rats with post stroke spasticity(PSS);To exploring the mechanism in treating PSS based on IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.Methods Totally 30 male SD rats were randomly divided into sham-operation group,model group and electroacupuncture group,with 10 rats in each group.The PSS model was prepared by the method of suture and N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor injection into internal capsule.The rats in the electroacupuncture group were electroacupulated on the affected side of the body at"Quchi"and"Yanglingquan"for 30 min/d for consecutive 7 d.The sham-operation group and the model group were only fixed without any interventions.The Zea Longa neurological function score and the modified Ashworth muscle tension score were evaluated before and after treatment in each group;the pathological changes of the cortex on the ischemic side were observed by HE staining;the contents of interleukin-6(IL-6),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA)in cortex on the ischemic side were detected by ELISA;the content of glutamate(Glu)was detected by biochemical kit;Western blot was used to detect the expressions of tyrosine kinase 2(JAK2),p-JAK2,signal transduction and transcription activating factor 3(STAT3)and p-STAT3 protein in ischemic cortex;RT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA expressions of JAK2 and STAT3 in ischemic cortex.Results Compared with the sham-operation group,neurological function score and muscle tension score significantly increased in the model group(P<0.01),with disorganized neurons in cerebral cortex,nucleus accumbens,the contents of IL-6,TNF-α and Glu significantly increased,the content of GABA significantly decreased(P<0.01),and p-JAK2,p-STAT3 proteins and JAK2 and STAT3 mRNA expression significantly increased(P<0.01,P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the neurological function score and muscle tension score of rats in the electroacupuncture group were significantly decreased(P<0.05),the degree of neuronal damage in cerebral cortex was reduced,the cell contour was clear,the content of IL-6,TNF-α and Glu were significantly decreased,and the content of GABA significantly increased(P<0.05,P<0.01),p-JAK2,p-STAT3 protein and JAK2,STAT3 mRNA expression significantly decreased(P<0.01).Conclusion Electroacupuncture may alleviate central inflammatory response and improve limb spasticity of PSS model rats by inhibiting the IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.

Objective To observe the effects of electroacupuncture on post-stroke spasticity(PSS)rats and the relationship between microglia polarization-mediated neuroinflammation and neurotransmitter glutamate(Glu)and γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA)in cerebral cortex;To investigate the possible mechanism of electroacupuncture to relieve PSS.Methods Male SD rats were randomly divided into sham-operation group,model group and electroacupuncture group,with 10 rats in each group.A rat model of PSS was prepared using suture method combined with internal capsule injection of NMDA receptor.The electroacupuncture group selected"Quchi"and"Yanglingquan"electroacupuncture for 30 minutes per day,for 7 days,the model group and the sham-operation group were fixed at the same time without intervention.Zea Longa neurological function score and modified Ashworth muscular tone score were evaluated,and electrophysiology was tested;kits were used to GABA,Glu,tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interleukin-10(IL-10)content in ischemic cortex;Western blot was used to detect the expression of GABRA1 and GAD67 protein in ischemic cortex;The co-expression of ionized calcium-binding protein 1(Iba-1),inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)and Arg-1 were detected by immunofluorescence staining.Results Compared with the sham-operation group,the neurological function score and muscle tone score of the model group rats significantly increased(P<0.01),and muscle tone significantly increased(P<0.01);the contents of GABA and IL-10 in ischemic cortex significantly decreased(P<0.01),and the contents of TNF-α and Glu significantly increased(P<0.01),Glu/GABA ratio increased(P<0.01),GABRA1 and GAD67 protein expression significantly decreased(P<0.01),the co-expression of Iba-1 and iNOS significantly increased(P<0.01),while the co-expression of Iba-1 and Arg-1 was significantly decreased(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the nerve function score and muscle tone score of the electroacupuncture group rats were significantly reduced(P<0.05),and muscle tone was significantly reduced(P<0.01);the contents of GABA and IL-10 in ischemic cortex significantly increased(P<0.01),and the contents of TNF-α and Glu significantly decreased(P<0.01),Glu/GABA ratio decreased(P<0.01),the protein expressions of GABRA1 and GAD67 significantly increased(P<0.01),the co-expression of Iba-1 and iNOS significantly decreased(P<0.01),while the co-expression of Iba-1 and Arg-1 significantly increased(P<0.05).Conclusion Electroacupuncture can effectively alleviate PSS,and its mechanism of action may be related to electroacupuncture regulating microglia polarization and reduing neuroinflammation.

Objective:To observe the effects of electroacupuncture on the expression of cortical solute carrier family 7 member 11(SLC7A11),glutathione(GSH)and glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4)in rats with post stroke spasticity(PSS),and to explore the mechanism of electroacupuncture in the treatment ferrozosis in PSS.Methods:Thirty SD male rats were randomly divided into sham group,model group and electroacupuncture group.A modified Zea-Longa wire bolus+internal capsule injection NMDA method was used to produce a rat model of PSS.In the electroacupunc-ture group,the affected side of Yanglingquan and Quchi were needled once/day for 30 min/time for 7 d.In the sham group and the model group,only fixation without intervention was performed during the same period.Zea-Longa Neuro-logical Function Score was used to detect the neurological function of rats,electrophysiological tracing method was used to detect the muscle tone of rat quadriceps,Western Blot was used to detect the protein expression of rat cortical SLC7A11 and GPX4,Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect the GSH content of rat cortex,and real time RT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA of rat cortical SLC7A11 and GPX4 mRNA expression.Results:Neurological function scores were elevated;quadriceps muscle tone was increased;GSH content was decreased;the protein expression of SLC7A11 and GPX4 was significantly decreased;the expression of SLC7A11 mRNA and GPX4 mRNA was significantly decreased.Electroacupuncture treatment resulted in lower neurological function scores,lower quadriceps muscle tone,increased GSH content in rat cortex,significantly up-regulated protein expression of SLC7A11 and GPX4,and significantly increased expression of SLC7A11 and GPX4 mRNA.Conclusion:Electroacupuncture on"Yanglingquan"and"Quchi"could improve limb spasticity and promote the recovery of neurological function in PSS rats,and its mechanism of action may be related to the inhibition of ferroptosis of cortical cells by electroacupuncture regulating the SLC7A11 and GPX4 expression.

Objective: To evaluate the role of the revised International Prognostic Score of Thrombosis (IPSET-thrombosis) in predicting the occurrence of thrombotic events in Chinese patients with essential thrombocythemia (ET) and to develop a thrombosis predicting model more applicable to Chinese ET patients. Methods: Medical records of 746 adult patients with an initial diagnosis of ET were retrospectively analyzed. Results: The median age at diagnosis was 52 (18-87) years, with 305 males and 441 females. According to the revised IPSET-thrombosis model, the number of very low-, low-, intermediate-, and high-risk patients were 271 (36.3%) , 223 (29.9%) , 63 (8.4%) and 189 (25.3%) , respectively. The four groups exhibited significantly different thrombosis-free survival (χ²=72.301, P<0.001) . Thirty-six patients were reclassified as intermediate-risk according to the revised IPSET-thrombosis instead of low-risk as per the original IPSET-thrombosis. Nineteen intermediate-risk patients as per the original IPSET-thrombosis were upgraded to high-risk according to the revised IPSET-thrombosis. Fifty-one high-risk patients as per the original IPSET-thrombosis were reclassified as low-risk in the revised IPSET-thrombosis. It suggests that the revised IPSET-thrombosis potentially avoids over- or under-treatment. In low-risk patients as per the revised IPSET-thrombosis, the rate of thrombosis in patients with cardiovascular risk factors (CVF) was higher than that in those without (16.3% vs 5.2%, χ²=5.264, P=0.022) , and comparable with intermediate-risk patients as per the revised IPSET-thrombosis (16.3% vs 14.3%, χ²=0.089, P=0.765) . As a result, a new revised IPSET-thrombosis model more applicable to Chinese ET patients was developed in which patients with CVF in the low-risk group as per the revised IPSET-thrombosis were reclassified as intermediate-risk group. Conclusion For predicting the occurrence of thrombotic events, the revised IPSET-thrombosis model was better than the original IPSET-thrombosis model. The revised IPSET-thrombosis was optimized and a new revised IPSET-thrombosis model more applicable to Chinese ET patients was developed, and the new evidence for risk stratification and treatment of ET in Chinese was provided.

Objective:To seek any differential effect of combining repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) with a modified version of constraint-induced movement therapy (mCIMT) on the walking ability of stroke survivors.Methods:Seventy-five stroke survivors were randomly divided into a sham rTMS group, an rTMS group and a combined group, each of 25. In addition to 40 minutes of routine rehabilitation daily, including balance training, transfer training, muscle strength training, and proprioceptive training five times a week for 4 weeks, the sham rTMS group and rTMS group received sham or genuine rTMS. The combined group received 20 minutes of rTMS followed by mCIMT training 30 minutes later. The treatment was performed once a day, 5 days a week for 4 weeks. Before and after the treatment, all groups were evaluated using the Fugl-Meyer lower extremity assessment, the Berg balance scale, a 10-metre walk test and the modified Barthel index.Results:Significant improvement was observed in the average scores of all three groups in all of the assessments. The combined group′s averages were, however, significantly better than those of the other two groups.Conclusion:Supplementing mCIMT with rTMS can better improve the walking and other abilities in the activities of daily living of stroke survivors.