Objective To apply the techniques of CAD/CAM in the repair of defects and correction of deformity on the jaw bones so as to improve the accuracy and controllability of operations.Methods With CAD techniques,3D bone model was reconstructed based on CT images.Then,a repairing model was created with mirror operation on original model.The physical models of original model and repairing model were fabricated through rapid prototyping.Based on physical models,operation plan and model surgery with pre-forming plate could be designed.Results The designed operation plan and pre-forming plate techniques of CAD/CAM were successfully applied in eight patients,with satisfactory results.Conclusions With techniques of CAD/CAM,reconstructing and fabricating the original bone model and mirror repair model are very helpful for designing operation plan for maxillofacial surgery.It also can improve the surgery accuracy and save operation time obviously.

Aptamers are capable of binding a wide range of biomolecular targets with high affinity and specificity. It has been widely developed for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Because of unique three dimensional structures and cell-membrane penetration, aptamers inhibit virus infection not only through binding specific target, such as the viral envelope, genomic site, enzyme, or other viral components, but also can be connected to each other or with siRNA jointly achieve antiviral activity. Taking human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus as examples, this paper reviewed the effects and mechanisms of aptamers on disturbing viral infection and replication steps. It may provide an insight to the development of aptamer-based new antiviral drugs.

AIM: To study the expression of mic2/CD99 protein and their correlation with Eber-1/LMP-1 in Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells of classical Hodgkin's lymphoma. METHODS: Immunohistochemical staining, in situ hybrization and tissue microarry technique were used to detect the expressions of mic2/CD99 and Eber-1/LMP-1 of H/RS cells in 43 cases of cHL and 16 cases of NHL. RESULTS: The positive rate of CD99 protein expression in 43 cases of cHL was 2.3% (1/43) , mic2 was 55.8% (24/43), LMP1 was 58.1% (25/43) and Eber-1 was 53.5% (23/43). The expressions of CD99 and mic2 in the NHL group were higher than those in cHL group (P0.05). There was a negative correlation between the expression of CD99 protein and LMP1 in H/RS cells (P0.05). There was a significant correlation between the high expression of LMP1 and a low expression of CD99 in the young patients (P0.05). CONCLUSION: There is a negative correlation between the expression of LMP1 and CD99 in Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells of classical Hodgkin's lymphoma.

OBJECTIVETo study the sternocleidomastoid-clavicle myocutaneous flap (SCMCP) for repairing the compound operative defect after oral carcinoma resection, to observe its clinical effect, prognosis and advantages of SCMCP, and to develop a new operative method that implantation of dental implant can be performed simultaneously.

METHODSSixteen patients underwent reconstruction with SCMCP after oral carcinoma resection and neck dissection during 2007 to 2009. Four of them (25.00%) underwent simultaneously implantation of dental implants in the clavicular flaps.

RESULTSNone of these patients died postoperatively during the follow-up until now. One patient (6.25%) with buccal cancer encountered local recurrence resulting in reoperation, and the flap grows well up to now. A part of the skin paddle underwent necrosis in two patients (12.50%), local fluidity was found in 2 patients (12.50%), fracture of clavicle occurred during the operation in one patient (6.25%). All the patients had good pronunciation and oral diet with no difficulty.

CONCLUSIONSCMCP is easy to survive, simple to perform, the clavicular figure and function won't be destroyed significantly. SCMCP is a good operative method to repair the compound operative defect after oral carcinoma resection.

Ring dermoid of cornea (RDC) is an autosomal dominant disorder of cornea. The previous study identified a G185A mutation of PITX2 gene in a Chinese family with RDC. To investigate the pathological mechanism of PITX2 R62H mutation, a PITX2 prokaryotic expression plasmid were constructed and GST-PITX2 fusion protein were purified. EMSA was further conducted. The DNA-banding ability of PITX2 R62H was similar to that of the wild type PITX2 were found. The cell lines stably expressed PITX2 was also generated, and cell cycle were analyzed by flow cytometry, and the expression of ?-catenin and Cyclin D1 were detected by quantitative Real-time PCR. The results showed that proliferating ability of cells expressing PITX2 R62H was lower than that of cells expressing PITX2 WT, as well as ?-catenin and Cyclin D1 mRNA level. These findings revealed that PITX2 R62H mutation affected the Wnt/?-catenin→PITX2 pathway, promoted the genes expressing abnormally, and led to abnormal cell proliferation and the formation of RDC, which may play an important role in pathogenesis of RDC.

Objective To investigate serum lipid profiles in newly diagnosed patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) using lipidomics and correlate these features with hyperinsulinemia and hyperandrogenism associated with PCOS and obesity. Methods 32 newly-diagnosed PCOS women and 34 controls were enrolled and divided into obese and lean subgroups according to the body mass index (BMI). Anthropometric, biochemical, and hormonal parameters were collected. Serum lipid profiles including phospholipids, free fatty acids (FFAs), and bioactive lipids were analyzed using GC-MS and LC-MS. Results PCOS patients, in particular, the obese ones with fatty liver, have abnormal phosphatidylcholine (PC)/lysophospholipid (LPC) metabolism. PC was increased (16∶0, 18∶0, 18∶1, 18∶2, and 20∶4), while LPC was decreased (16∶0, 18∶0, and 18∶1; all P<0.05). Serum polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), were decreased significantly, and the long chain saturated fatty acid was increased. We also found that insulin stimulated the metabolism of PUFAs, but the androgen inhibits the metabolism of PUFAs by measuring their metabolites. Conclusion PCOS patients have metabolic disorders of phospholipids and PUFAs. Insulin stimulated while androgen inhibited PUFAs metabolism.

Objective To investigate the value of color Doppler ultrasonography in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant testicular tumors in children. Methods The sonographic findings of 63 children pathologically confirmed testicular tumors were retrospectively analyzed.All children were divided into benign group and malignant group according to pathologic diagnosis. The tumor size,shape,border, echo texture,calcification and color blood flow were compared between two groups. Logistic regression analysis was employed to predict sonographic features of benign and malignant testicular tumors.Receiver operating curve (ROC) was employed to assess the diagnostic performance of sonographic features. Results Among the 63 cases of pediatric testicular tumors,42 cases were histologically confirmed as benign testicular tumors (66.7% ),and the rest 21 cases were malignant testicular tumors (33.3% ). The maximum diameter of tumor in benign tumors was significantly smaller than that in malignant tumors[(1.75 ± 0.75) cm vs (2.90 ± 1.22)cm,P =0.000].In the sonographic features,malignant testicular tumors were more likely to present with solid masses,and benign testicular tumors were more likely to be cystic or cystic-solid ( P =0.024).Calcification was more common in benign tumors than that in malignant tumors ( P =0.000).Compared with benign tumors,malignant tumors had increased blood flow on color Doppler images ( P =0.000).Logistic regression analysis indicated that flow grade was the independent prognostic factors for malignant tumor. By using Alder grade of 2 or above as threshold,the sensitivity,specificity and accuracy were 95.2%,78.6% and 84.1%,respectively. Conclusions The sonographic features vary between benign and malignant testicular tumors. Blood flow is the independent factors for predicting malignant tumor. Color Doppler ultrasonography is an important method for differential diagnosis of testicular tumors in children.

Objective:To perform a prospective cohort study to identify individual susceptibility of glucocorticoid (GC) -associated osteonecrosis of the femoral head (GA-ONFH) and their clinical and genetic risk factors. Methods:The present prospective cohort study enrolled patients who received their first GC therapy between July 2015 and January 2018 at Zhongshan Hospital. All patients did not receive any GC treatment before enrollment. Further, they planned to start GC treatment with the dose (equivalent prednisone) of ≥30 mg/d, lasted ≥3 weeks, or pulse dose ≥200 mg/d, lasted ≥3 d. Blood samples were collected before GC treatment to evaluate bone metabolism and its released factors. Hip MRI was performed at the 1st, 3rd, 6th, 12th and 24th month to diagnose GA-ONFH. All patients were followed-up for ≥2 years. The endpoint was regarded as diagnosis of GA-ONFH or completion of 2 years follow-up. Lasso regression was performed to determine which clinical features were associated with GA-ONFH. A nested case-control sub-cohort (A, n=12) was established prospectively based on the main cohort by 1∶1 matching. Whole exome sequencing was performed to screen differential and functional candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms and insertion-deletions (SNP/InDels). Another sub-cohort (B, n=50) was constructed retrospectively in patients with GA-ONFH and non-ONFH patients received standard high dose GC treatment for more than two years. The candidate SNP/InDels were verified by Sanger sequencing based on the patients from sub-cohort B. Results:A total of 96 patients were enrolled of which 88 of them (32 males and 56 females, mean age 42.30 years) completed follow-up. Eight cases (9.1%) were diagnosed with GA-ONFH. The median time from the start of GC therapy to the diagnosis of ONFH was 53.00(34.00,13.50) days. The baseline characteristics, such as age, sex and body mass index, indicated no significant difference between the ONFH group and the non-ONFH group. The cumulative GC dose of the ONFH patients in the first month was higher than that of non-ONFH [32.74(29.55, 47.05) mg/kg vs. 24.00(21.10, 29.45) mg/kg, Z=-2.410, P=0.016]. However, there was no significant difference of patients who underwent pulse therapy (37.5% vs. 10.0%, adjusted χ 2=2.829, P=0.093). The ratio of serum apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A1 (ApoB/ApoA1) in patients with ONFH was higher than that in non-ONFH group before GC use [0.95(0.80, 1.50) vs. 0.70(0.60, 0.80), Z=-2.875, P=0.000]. Due to the multicollinearity, Lasso regression model was performed to reduce overfitting. All variables were included in the model. The results suggested that higher ApoB/ApoA1 ratio, lower serum β-c-terminal telopeptide (β-CTX) and higher cumulative GC dose in the first month were the top three risk factors of GA-ONFH. This model had an accuracy of 0.982 in internal validation. Seven differential candidate SNP/InDels were found by whole exome sequencing of sub-cohort A. We further verified these SNP/InDels in sub-cohort B. The patients with COLEC12 mutation (rs2305027, G1816A) were at risk of GA-ONFH ( OR=6.00, 95% CI: 1.17, 30.73). Conclusion:Higher first-month GC dose, lower serum β-CTX level before treatment, higher ApoB/ApoA1 ratio and COLEC12 mutation (rs2305027, G1816A) could increase the risk of GA-ONFH.

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) has been widely applied in orthopedics because of its excellent mechanical properties, radiolucency, and biocompatibility. However, the bioinertness and poor osteointegration of PEEK have greatly limited its further application. Growing evidence proves that physical factors of implants, including their architecture, surface morphology, stiffness, and mechanical stimulation, matter as much as the composition of their surface chemistry. This review focuses on the multiple strategies for the physical modification of PEEK implants through adjusting their architecture, surface morphology, and stiffness. Many research findings show that transforming the architecture and incorporating reinforcing fillers into PEEK can affect both its mechanical strength and cellular responses. Modified PEEK surfaces at the macro scale and micro/nano scale have positive effects on cell-substrate interactions. More investigations are necessary to reach consensus on the optimal design of PEEK implants and to explore the efficiency of various functional implant surfaces. Soft-tissue integration has been ignored, though evidence shows that physical modifications also improve the adhesion of soft tissue. In the future, ideal PEEK implants should have a desirable topological structure with better surface hydrophilicity and optimum surface chemistry.
Benzophenones ; Ketones/chemistry* ; Polyethylene Glycols/chemistry* ; Polymers/chemistry* ; Surface Properties

Objective To screen differentially-expressed circRNA in plasma exosomes of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and verify its diagnostic value for NSCLC. Methods The plasma exosomes of six patients with NSCLC and six healthy people were analyzed by circRNA sequencing. The expression of hsa_circ_0052513 in plasma exosomes of 60 NSCLC patients and 60 healthy controls was detected by qRT-PCR. The expression level of hsa_circ_0052513 in plasma exosomes of NSCLC patients before and after surgery was detected by qRT-PCR. The correlation between the expression of plasma exosomal hsa_circ_0052513 and clinical data of patients with NSCLC was statistically analyzed. Results Sequencing results showed that the expression of hsa_circ_0052513 in the plasma exosomes of NSCLC patients was higher than that of healthy controls, and the results were confirmed by qRT-PCR. Hsa_circ_0052513 was decreased in patients with NSCLC after tumor resection (P<0.05). The high expression of plasma exosomal hsa_circ_0052513 in patients with NSCLC was correlated with tumor size, distant metastasis, and TNM stage of NSCLC (all P<0.05). The area under the curve of plasma exosomal hsa_circ_0052513 in the diagnosis of patients with NSCLC was 0.7904 (P<0.0001). Conclusion Hsa_circ_0052513 is highly expressed in the plasma exosomes of patients with NSCLC and is related to tumor size, metastasis, and TNM stage. Hence, Hsa_circ_0052513 could be a new diagnostic marker for NSCLC.