OBJECTIVEThe effect of light intensities on the endogenous hormones of Bletilla striata during seedling acclimatization was studied in order to explain the mechanism and provide basic data for conservation and cultivation of this wild medicinal species.

METHODThe samples was treated with three photosynthetic photon flux densities: 3 000, 6 000, 12 000 lx during the acclimatization stage to study the hormone dynamic changes of IAA, ABA, GA3.

RESULTEndogenous IAA concentration was declined in all treatments and the lowest level in all treatments was the middle light intensity. A sharp increase of endogenous ABA concentration in a short period, the concentration was increased by 380.2% in middle light (320.8 ng x g(-1)). Endogenous GA3 concentration was declined especially in the high light treatment. At 10 days of acclimatization the GA3 concentration was decreased by 52.2% in the high light (473.6 ng x g(-1)).

RESULTEndogenous hormones concentration could be rapidly changed by the light, and endogenous ABA concentration could be sharply increased when acclimatization in middle light intensities.

Acclimatization ; Light ; Orchidaceae ; chemistry ; physiology ; radiation effects ; Photosynthesis ; radiation effects ; Plant Growth Regulators ; analysis ; metabolism ; Seedlings ; chemistry ; physiology ; radiation effects

According to the pathological characteristics of symptomatic chronic thoracic and lumbar osteoporotic vertebral fracture (SCOVF), the different clinical treatment methods are selected, including vertebral augmentation, anterior-posterior fixation and fusion, posterior decompression fixation and fusion, and posterior correction osteotomy. However, there is still a lack of a unified understanding on how to choose appropriate treatment method for SCOVF. In order to reflect the new treatment concept and the evidence-based medicine progress of SCOVF in a timely manner and standardize its treatment, the clinical guideline for surgical treatment of SCOVF is formulated in compliance with the principle of scientificity, practicability and advancement and based on the level of evidence-based medicine.

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) combined with spinal fractures with thoracic and lumbar fracture as the most common type shows characteristics of unstable fracture, high incidence of nerve injury, high mortality and high disability rate. The diagnosis may be missed because it is mostly caused by low-energy injury, when spinal rigidity and osteoporosis have a great impact on the accuracy of imaging examination. At the same time, the treatment choices are controversial, with no relevant specifications. Non-operative treatments can easily lead to bone nonunion, pseudoarthrosis and delayed nerve injury, while surgeries may be failed due to internal fixation failure. At present, there are no evidence-based guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of AS combined with thoracic and lumbar fracture. In this context, the Spinal Trauma Academic Group of Orthopedics Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association organized experts to formulate the Clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of adult ankylosing spondylitis combined with thoracolumbar fracture ( version 2023) by following the principles of evidence-based medicine and systematically review related literatures. Ten recommendations on the diagnosis, imaging evaluation, classification and treatment of AS combined with thoracic and lumbar fracture were put forward, aiming to standardize the clinical diagnosis and treatment of such disorder.

The acute combination fractures of the atlas and axis in adults have a higher rate of neurological injury and early death compared with atlas or axial fractures alone. Currently, the diagnosis and treatment choices of acute combination fractures of the atlas and axis in adults are controversial because of the lack of standards for implementation. Non-operative treatments have a high incidence of bone nonunion and complications, while surgeries may easily lead to the injury of the vertebral artery, spinal cord and nerve root. At present, there are no evidence-based Chinese guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute combination fractures of the atlas and axis in adults. To provide orthopedic surgeons with the most up-to-date and effective information in treating acute combination fractures of the atlas and axis in adults, the Spinal Trauma Group of Orthopedic Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association organized experts in the field of spinal trauma to develop the Evidence-based guideline for clinical diagnosis and treatment of acute combination fractures of the atlas and axis in adults ( version 2023) by referring to the "Management of acute combination fractures of the atlas and axis in adults" published by American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS)/Congress of Neurological Surgeons (CNS) in 2013 and the relevant Chinese and English literatures. Ten recommendations were made concerning the radiological diagnosis, stability judgment, treatment rules, treatment options and complications based on medical evidence, aiming to provide a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of acute combination fractures of the atlas and axis in adults.

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) combined with lower cervical fracture is often categorized into unstable fracture, with a high incidence of neurological injury and a high rate of disability and morbidity. As factors such as shoulder occlusion may affect the accuracy of X-ray imaging diagnosis, it is often easily misdiagnosed at the primary diagnosis. Non-operative treatment has complications such as bone nonunion and the possibility of secondary neurological damage, while the timing, access and choice of surgical treatment are still controversial. Currently, there are no clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of AS combined with lower cervical fracture with or without dislocation. To this end, the Spinal Trauma Group of Orthopedics Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association organized experts to formulate Clinical guidelines for the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis combined with lower cervical fracture in adults ( version 2024) in accordance with the principles of evidence-based medicine, scientificity and practicality, in which 11 recommendations were put forward in terms of the diagnosis, imaging evaluation, typing and treatment, etc, to provide guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of AS combined with lower cervical fracture.

OBJECTIVE To explore the difference in chemical components of essential oil from medicinal part （rhizome）and non-medicinal parts （fibrous roots ，stems，and leaves ）of Atractylodes chinensis，and to preliminarily evaluate their antibacterial activity in vitro . METHODS The essential oil was extracted from three parts of A. chinensis by steam distillation ，and their chemical components and relative contents were analyzed and identified by gas chromatography -mass spectrometry （GC-MS）. The antibacterial activities of essential oil （5 mg/mL） from different parts against Staphylococcus aureus ，S. albus and Bacillus subtilis were determined by paper diffusion method . The correlation between chemical components in essential oil and antibacterial activity was analyzed . RESULTS A total of 60 chemical constituents were identified from the essential oilof rhizome ，fibrous roots ，stems and leaves of A. chinensis， mainly composed of terpenes ，sesquiterpenoids，alcohols and ketones. There were 8 kinds of common components in the essential oil of rhizome ，fibrous root and stem and leaves ，which were elementol ，cadinene，agarospirol，valencian citrine ， caryophyllin，β-sesquidiene，γ-eucalyptol and β-eucalyptol. A total of 26 components were identified from the essential oil of rhizome，of which the relative content of 4-benzaldehyde was the highest （31.56%）；a total of 21 components were identified from the essential oil of fibrous roots ，among which the relative content of β-eucalyptol was the highest （44.39%）；a total of 42 components were identified from the essential oil of stems and leaves ，among which the relative content of β-sesquidiene was the highest（14.83%）. The essential oil from different parts had certain antibacterial effect on S. aureus，S. albus and B. subtilis. The order of antibacterial effect was rhizome ＞fibrous roots ＞stem and leaves ；the relative contents of β-caryophyllene，α-humulene and modhephene were positively correlated with inhibitory effects of essential oil against S. aureus and B. subtilis（P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. The relative contents of atractylone ，zingiberene and agarospirol were positively correlated with the inhibitory effect of essential oil against B. subtilis（P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS There are significant differences in the chemical composition and contents of essential oil from medicinal and non -medicinal parts of A. chinensis，and all of them have antibacterial activity in vitro .