In this paper,the mechanism,instrument design and clinical applications of interference electrotherapy in promoting bone healing are described.A new kind of electrotherapeutical instrument for bone injury is developed.With the variety of waveform and characterisics of easy operation,high intelligence and reliability,the instrument is improved obviously with the use of Single Chip Microcomputer.At the same time ,60cases with fracture were treated by interfere current stimulation in clinical research.It is achieved in accelerating bone healing,detumescence,comeback of tonicity.

Objective To study the effects of Forkhead box protein M1 (FoxM1) down regulation by small interfering RNA(siRNA) on chemosensitivity and mechanism of human pancreatic cancer cell and its mechanism.Methods Three FoxM1 siRNAs were designed and constructed.All cancer cells were divided into different groups,after transfected with FoxM1 siRNA for different time,the cultured cells were harvested to carry on the next tests.Expression of FoxM1 were determined by red-time PCR and Western blot,and prolifearion and chemosensitivity were evaluated by MTT assay,and the phosphorylation of Akt protein was examined by Western blot.Results FoxM1 siRNA could down-regulate the FoxM1 expression in a dose-and time-dependent manner.The MTF results showed that the inhibit rates was 17.78％,17.56％,35.39％,52.81％,70.98％ indifferentgroups [Con-A + Gemcitabine,Con-B + Gemcitabine,siRNA (3.125nM) + Gemcitabine,siRNA (6.25nM) + Gemcitabine and siRNA(12.5nM) + Gemcitabine,respectively.The phosphorylation of Akt protein was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusions FoxM1 siRNA could sensitize human pancreaticr cancer cells chemotherapy sensitivity,it is the one of the important mechanisms through down-regulate Akt phosphorylated levels,but the molecular mechanism need to be explored further.

Objective To measure the expressions of programmed death?1(PD?1)and programmed death ligand?1(PD?L1)on peripheral blood T lymphocytes of patients with condyloma acuminatum(CA), and to investigate their role in cellular immunity in these patients. Methods Peripheral blood samples were obtained from 30 patients with CA(CA group)and 20 healthy human controls (control group). Flow cytometry was conducted to detect the expressions of PD?1 and PD?L1 on the surfaces of peripheral blood CD4+and CD8+T lymphocytes, and to determine the counts of CD4+and CD8+T lymphocytes. Enzyme?linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was performed to measure the levels of serum interleukin?2(IL?2)and interferon?γ(IFN?γ). Statistical analyses were carried out to compare the above parameters between the two groups, and to assess the relationship of PD?1 and PD?L1 expressions with the counts of CD4+and CD8+T lymphocytes as well as with the serum levels of IL?2 and IFN?γ. Results There was a significant increase in the expression rates of PD?1 and PD?L1 on CD4+T lymphocytes(PD?1:9.48%± 3.31%vs. 7.12%± 2.16%, t=2.81, P<0.01;PD?L1:4.40%± 1.46%vs. 3.26%± 1.13%, t=3.16, P<0.01)and CD8+T lymphocytes(PD?1:12.52%± 3.17%vs. 9.95%± 2.17%, t=3.16, P<0.01;PD?L1:7.07%± 2.23%vs. 5.39%± 1.69%, t=2.88, P<0.01)in the CA group compared with the control group. Moreover, the CA group showed significantly lower counts of CD4+T lymphocytes(727.43 ± 138.59/μl vs. 804.25 ± 92.83/μl, t=2.17, P<0.05)and CD4/CD8 ratio(1.23±0.35 vs. 1.46 ± 0.34, t = 2.24, P < 0.05) than the control group, while no significant difference was observed in CD8 + T lymphocyte counts between the CA group and control group(613.60 ± 121.60/μl vs. 572.45 ± 103.08/μl, t=1.24, P>0.05). The levels of serum IL?2 and IFN?γwere both lower in the CA group than in the control group(t=2.12, 2.16, respectively, both P < 0.05). In the CA group, PD?1 and PD?L1 expression levels on peripheral blood CD4 + T lymphocytes were both negatively correlated with CD4+T lymphocyte counts, the CD4/CD8 ratio, as well as IL?2 and IFN?γserum levels(all P<0.05), and those on peripheral blood CD8+T lymphocytes were also negatively correlated with the CD4/CD8 ratio(all P<0.05), but uncorrelated with CD8+T lymphocyte counts(both P>0.05). Conclusion PD?1 was highly expressed on peripheral blood T lymphocytes from patients with CA, which may inhibit T lymphocyte?mediated immune response, decrease CD4+T lymphocyte counts, the CD4/CD8 ratio as well as IL?2 and IFN?γserum levels by interacting with its ligand PD?L1 and forming the PD?1/PD?L1 signaling pathway.

Objectives:To investigate the influence of PN via portal vein on insulin and glucagon in liver regeneration. Methods:The rabbits were randomly devided into control group( n =5),PN via portal vein group(group Ⅰ, n =10) and PN via central vein group(group Ⅱ, n =10).The PN was performed for 6 days after partial hepatectomy.The concentration of serum insulin and glucagon in portal and perpheral vein were analysed with radioimmunoassay. Results:The concentration of serum insulin was increased in group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ,and it was increased significantly( P 0.05),but it was increased significantly in portal vein blood in group Ⅰ( P

Objective To investigate the effect of different concentrations of methotrexate (MTX) on IL-17 from peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs) and To clarify the active mechanisms of MTX on RA. Methods PBMCs were isolated from heparinized blood of healthy donors or patients with RA using Ficoll-Hypaque density gradient centrifugation. The cells were pretreated with various concentrations of MTX and then stimulated by anti-human CD3/anti-human CD28 at 37℃5%CO2. The IL-17 mRAN level was detected by semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The supernatants were harvested and the protein level of IL-17 was tested by ELISA kit. The percentage of CD4+IL-17+cells in PBMCs was detected by flow cytometry. Results For the four different concentrations of MTX groups (0.1,1.0, 5, 25μg/ml), the IL-17 mRNA/GAPDH ratio(0.58±0.09,0.48±0.11, 0.50±0.09, 0.51±0.14) were lower than those of the non-drug group(0.76±0.08). Paired-t test or independent-samplet test showed significant difference between the MTX treatment group and the non-drug group(P＜0.01). The level of IL-17 of the four MTX groups was(121±54)pg/ml and(104±45)pg/ml and(90±36)pg/ml and(115±41)pg/ml, which was lower than the non-drug group(370±187)pg/ml(P＜0.01). The average C D4+IL-17+cell ratio was reduced, but had no statistically signficant differences(P＞0.05). Conclusion MTX can decrease Th17 cells differentiation and suppress IL-17 production of PBMCs, but no association can be found between its effect on the expression of IL-17 and the concentration of MTX.

Objective To investigate the operation key points, instrument improvement and shortterm effects in total en bloc spondylectomy (TES) via a single posterior approach for thoracic and lumbar tumors. Methods A series of modified instruments have been designed for the TES, including threadwire saw (T-saw) with a diameter of 0.81 mm, director and clamping for the saw, L shape and furcation osteotomes.The corpectomy of original TES which was defined as "one step dissection" from anteriorly to posteriorly, was modified into "two step dissection" which means that corpectomy was performed with saw cutting anteriorposteriorly and the L shape cutting posterior-anteriorly. In the cases with difficulty in pediculotomy using a T-saw, furcation osteotome was used for pediculotomy. Ten patients with thoracic or lumbar tumors were treated with the modified TES. There were 1 case of bone giant cell tumor, 1 case of bone neurilemmoma and 8 cases of metastatic tumors. All patients suffered moderate-severe pain and neurological deficit. Results The average follow-up period was 8.1(3.3-18.1) months. The average operating time was 7.8 h(6.0-10.3 h),and average blood loss was 2100 ml (1200-3500 ml). No disruption of dural mater, the leakage of cerebrospinal fluid, iatrogenic spinal cord injury and major vessel damage occurred. Two patients who underwent pleura disruption happened during the operation were treated with intrathoracic drain remedy. Among 7 cases with thoracic tumors, significant improvement in neurological function were achieved in 5 patients with the improvement of one grade in ASIA classification, while no change was found in 2 cases. In 3 cases with lumbar tumor, lumbar nerve root pain relieved and the muscle strength had recovered to grade 4 at least postoperatively. Conclusion Significant improvement has been achieved in the maneuverability and safety of the modified surgical techniques in TES with a single posterior approach for thoracic and lumbar tumors.

Objective:To investigate the classification of patients with gout, and further analyze their clinical features.Methods:Outpatients with gout were enrolled from January 2018 to July 2019 in Depart-ment of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital. Subjects were classified into four groups according to their 24-hour urinaryexcretion and fractional excretion of urate. Clinical features of different groups were analyzed using one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Kruskal-Wallis H test, or χ2 test. Results:Finally, 378 subjects were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Among them, 186(49.2%) were renal underexcretion type, 100(26.5%) were combined type, 57(15.1%) were renal overload type, 35(9.3%) were the normal type. Renal underexcretion type was the main subtype in any age-stratified groups. With aging, the proportion of combined type decreased, while the normal type increased. Participants in the combined type were the youngest [(42±14) years of age] with the highest estimated glomerular filtration rate [(94±18) ml·min -1·1.73 m -2], while their serum urate levels were the highest [(554±104) μmol/L]. Subjects in the normal type were the oldest [(60±15) years of age] with the lowest estimated glomerular filtration rate [(71±19) mL·min -1·1.73 m -2], however, their serum urate concentrations were the lowest [(427±118) μmol/L], The difference was statistically significant (age, F=13.98; estimated glomerular filtration rate, F=16.11; urate, F=17.14; P<0.01). Prevalence of urolithiasis were similar among the four groups ( χ2 =2.00, P>0.05). Conclusion:The renal underexcretion type is the main type of gout. Young patients are more likely to suffer from combined type with the highest serum urate levels and the best renal function.

OBJECTIVETo observe whether olfactory ensheathing cells could be used to promote axonal regeneration in a spontaneously nonregenerating system.

METHODSAfter laminectomy at the lower thoracic level, the spinal cords of adult rats were exposed and completely transected at T10. A suspension of ensheathing cells was injected into the lesion site in 12 adult rats, and control D/F-12 (1:1 mixture of DMEM and Ham's F-12) was injected in 12 adult rats. Six weeks and ten weeks after cell transplantation, the rats were evaluated by climbing test and motor evoked potentials (MEPs) monitoring. The samples were procured and studied with histologicl and immunohistochemical methods.

RESULTSAt the 6th week after cell transplantation, all the rats in both the transplanted and control groups were paraplegic and the MEPs could not be recorded. At the 10th week after cell transplantation, of 7 rats in the control group, 2 rats had muscles' contraction of the lower extremities, 2 rats had hips and/or knees' active movement; and 5 rats' MEPs could be recorded in the hind limbs in the transplanted group (n=7). None of the rats in the control group had functional improvement and no MEPs recorded (n=7). Numerous regenerating axons were observed through the transplantation and continued to regenerate into the denervated host tract. Cell labelling using anti-Myelin Basic Protein (MBP) and anti-Nerve Growth Factor Receptor (anti-NGFR) indicated that the regenerated axons were derived from the appropriate neuronal source and that donor cells migrated into the denervated host tract. But axonal degeneration existed and regenerating axons were not observed within the spinal cords of the adult rats with only D/F-12 injection.

CONCLUSIONSThe axonal regeneration in the transected adult rat spinal cord is possible after ensheathing cells transplantation.

Animals ; Axons ; physiology ; Brain Tissue Transplantation ; Cell Transplantation ; Male ; Nerve Regeneration ; Olfactory Bulb ; cytology ; transplantation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spinal Cord ; physiology ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; physiopathology ; surgery

Objective:To explore the application effect of a new type of simulated dermatologic surgical mold based on 3D printing in standardized residency training of dermatology.Methods:In this study, 35 residents in Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from January 2018 to May 2019 were randomly divided into two groups: a new mold group based on 3D printing ( n=18) and a traditional mold group ( n=17). Two groups of residents were examined by dermatologic biopsy on the mold, and the effect of teaching was evaluated by questionnaire survey. SPSS 22.0 was used for data analysis, and the measurement data was expressed by (means ± standard deviation). The comparison between the new mold group and the traditional mold group was made by two independent samples t test. Results:The scores of dermatologic biopsy examination of residents in the new mold group were higher than those in the traditional mold group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.01); and the scores of the questionnaires for the teaching effect of the new mold group were higher than those of the traditional mold group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.01). Conclusion:The new type of simulated dermatologic surgical mold based on 3D printing, which has been successfully applied in the practical training of residents, lays a solid foundation for the actual clinical operation and significantly improves the teaching effect, providing a broad application prospect.