The contents of copper, iron, zinc, manganese and chronium in human milk, taking from different lactation period (1-90 days), and cow's milk -were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry.We found that the concentrations of copper, iron, zinc and manganese in human milk declined during tie course of lactation, and that of copper, iron, zinc and chroninm in human milk were higher than that in cow's milk. When comparison of the essential trace elements intake of breast feeding and cow's milk feeding infant with the values recommended, the breast feeding was more optional than cow's milk feeding from nutritional point of view. Our results offered the scientific evidence for breast feeding and suggested that additional essential trace elements should be given to cow's milk when it was used to fed infant.

Objective:To determine over-limit status of sodium nitrite in cooked meat products in Hunan Province,and to provide scientific evidence for making health supervision.Methods:In accordance with the national standards for sampling and testing,data were analyzed by classical and spatial statistic methods.Results:The total over-limit rate of sodium nitrite was 5.5％ in 731 samples.The relative higher sodium nitrite over-limit rates were Xiangxi Tujia and Miao autonomous prefecture and Zhangjiajie.October and February were the main months in nitrite over-limit.Five regions with over-limit of sodium nitrite in cooked meat products were detected in Hunan.Conclusion:With obvious space-time clustering,over-limit of sodium nitrite in cooked meat products is a common problem particularly in northwest Hunan and Zhuzhou City.Supervision in October should be further strengthened in above-mentioned areas to guarantee the consumers health.

Aim To observe whether DHEA has enhancing effect on DbcAMP -induced differentiation of NG108-15 cells, including neurite outgrowth, and study its possible mechanisms. Methods NG108-15 cells (a h ybrid cell line of mouse neuroblastoma and rat glioma) were used as a substitute for primary culture neuron in vitro. The morphology of NG108-15 cells was o bserved and neurite outgrowth was determined in an inversed microscope after treatme nt with various drugs. Gelatin-substrate gel electrophoresis was used to detect gelatinases (MMP-9 and MMP-2). Results ① DHEA and DbcAMP inhibited NG108-15 proliferation.②DHEA had enhancing effect on the promoting activity of neuronal differentiation and neurite outgrowth by DbcAMP. DbcAMP could increase neurite elongation of NG108-15 cells. Compared with this, the combined treatment with DHEA and DbcAMP significantly enhanced the neurite outgrowth of NG108-15 cells, including neurite length and numbers of cells with neurite, in a DHEA dose-dependent manner. ③ MMPs were involved in neuronal differentiation. DbcAMP induced the increase in MMP-9 and MMP-2 activities and such elevation was enhanced by DHEA in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion DHEA enhances the effect of DbcAMP in promoting the neurite outgrowth of NG108-15 cells, which might be related to the increase in MMP-9 and MMP-2 activities.

Objective To test the predicative roles of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and kidney injury molecule-1( KIM-1 ) for acute kidney injury (AKI) in critically ill patients. Methods Children from pediatric intensive care unit, were randomly divided into four groups:critically ill patients with AKI (group 1 ), critically ill patients with non-AKI (group 2) , chronic kidney disease group (group 3), healthy control group (group 4). 1.5 ml venous blood and urine specimens were collected and kept under-70°C. Serum creatinine , urine NGAL and urine KIM-1 were analyzed. Results Compared with group 2, group 3 and group 4, the urine NGAL and urine KIM-1 increases obviously in group 1 (P<0.05). There is no signiifcance of urine NGAL and urine KIM-1 between group2, group3 and group 4 (P>0.05). The concentration of urine NGAL increased more than 10 times of base-line level 2 days before the diagnosis of AKI under the Acute Kidney Injury Network standard with area under curve (AUC) 0.955 (P<0.05) , and the concentration of urine KIM-1 increased more than 5 times of base-line level 1 day before AKI with AUC 0.878 (P<0.05). The AUC was 0.984 (P<0.01) when they were combined. There is negative correlation between the increased times of urinary KIM-1, urinary NGAL and vally value of creatin clearance rate. Conclusions The concentrations of urine NGAL and urine KIM-1 are useful early biomarkers for predicting AKI, especially when they were combined.

Objective To observe the effect of electroacupuncture(EA) on the hippocampal expression of GluA1,pGluA1,CaMK Ⅱ and pCaMK Ⅱ in rats with vascular dementia(VD),so as to find out the underlying mo lecular mechanisms of EA in treating VD.Methods Thirty-two Wistar rats were randomly divided into a shamoperation group,a model group,a sham-acupuncture group,and an EA group (8 in each group).Permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion was performed to model vascular dementia in the model group,the shamacupuncture group and the EA group,while exposure but no occlusion of the bilateral common carotid were performed in the sham-operating group.Novel object recognition test was adopted to prove the establishment of VD rat model.All the rats were kept in an immobilization apparatus while receiving treatments.EA was applied ontoBaihui (GV20) and Zusanli (ST36) in EA group for 30 min,once daily for 7 days.Sham-acupuncture group were treated with needles inserted 0.5 mm superficially.And the sham-operation group and the model group were only immobilized.The protein expression of GluA1,pGluA1,CaMK Ⅱ and pCaMK Ⅱ in hippocampal tissue was detected by western blotting.Results The expression of GluA1 in the model group (1.216 ± 0.102) was significantly less than in the sham-operating group (1.918 ± 0.137) (P ＜ 0.05).The expression of GluA1 in the EA group (1.653 ± 0.169) was significantly higher than in the model group (1.216 ± 0.102) and in sham-acupuncture group (1.231 ±0.188) (P＜0.05).The expression of CaMKⅡ in the model group (1.516±0.392) was less than in the sham-operating group (2.187 ± 0.231) (P ＜ 0.05).The expression of CaMK Ⅱ in the EA group (2.733 ±0.387) was significantly higher than in the model group (1.516 ±0.392) and sham-acupuncture group (1.493 ±0.205) (P＜0.05).The expression ofpGluA1 in the model group (1.502 ±0.419) was less than in the sham-operating group (2.253 ± 0.244) (P ＜ 0.05).The expression of pGluA1 in the EA group (2.382 ± 0.308) was significantly higher than in the model group (1.502 ± 0.419) and the sham-acupuncture group (1.498 ± 0.223) (P ＜ 0.05).The expression of pCaMK Ⅱ in the model group (0.394 ± 0.227) was less than in the sham-operating group (0.667 ±0.175) (P＜0.05).The expression ofpCaMKⅡ in the EA group (1.189± 0.346) was significantly higher than in the model group (0.394 ± 0.227) and the sham-acupuncture group (0.408 ± 0.231) (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion EA can enhance the protein expression and phosporylation of GluA1 and CaMK Ⅱ,causing silent synapses transforming into functional synapses,and consequently,long term potentiation was facilitated and cognitive impairment was improved by EA.

Objective To evaluate the effect of ultrasound-guided botulinum toxin A injection into the salivary glands in treating patients with sialorrhea attributable to brain damage.Methods Nine subjects with sialorrhea attributable to traumatic brain injury (n =5),cerebral infarction (n =3) and hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (n =1) were recruited into the study.With the guidance of ultrasound,15 units (U) of botulinum toxin type A was injected into the highest and lowest points of the two parotid glands,and 20 U was injected into two points of both submandibular glands.The saliva flow rate and the severity and frequency of sialorrhea were recorded before the treatment and 1 week,4 weeks and 12 weeks later using the Drooling Scoring System (DSS).Results The saliva flow rate before treatment (0.49 ± 0.12 g/min) decreased significantly to 0.24 ± 0.08 g/min after 1 week,but then increased again to 0.28 ±0.12 g/min after 4 weeks and 0.34 ±0.11 g/min after 12 weeks.The average DSS severity score showed the same pattern:4.35 ± 0.48 initially 1.92 ± 0.37 after 1 week,1.92 ± 0.37 after 2 weeks and 2.32 ± 0.64 after 12 weeks.The DSS frequency score,however,remained significantly lower:3.56 ± 0.49 initially,2.01 ± 0.42 after 1 and 4 weeks and 2.28 ± 0.63 after 12 weeks.Conclusion Botulinum toxin type A can effectively improve the salivary secretion and sialorrhea attributable to brain damage.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of acupuncture and moxibustion combined with cognitive training in treating cognitive impairment after traumatic brain injury (TBI). MethodsSixty patients were recruited into the study and randomly divided into the control group and the treatment group according to the MINIMIZE software. Patients in the control group were treated with cognitive training and regular treatment. Besides the traditional treatment, patients in the treatment group were additionally treated with acupuncture and moxibution. The treatment lasted four weeks. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment (LOTCA) were applied to evaluate the patients’ cognitive function before and after the treatment.Results In the end, there were 27 patients in the control group and 28 patients in the treatment group, because 5 patients withdrew from the study. After treatment, scores of MMSE, LOTCA and their sub-items in the control group and the treatment group increased significantly (P<0.05), and the scores in the treatment group were higher than the control group (P<0.05).Conclusion Combination of acupuncture, moxibution, and cognitive training could help patients after TBI to increase the scores of MMSE and LOTCA, and improve the cognitive impairment caused by TBI. Its therapeutic effect is superior than the pure cognitive training.

By Analyzing the significance and objective,practicing the organizing and management of the clinical application teaching in department of gynecology,the author explored the new teaching methods in current social condition.

OBJECTIVETo observe the clinical efficacy on cognitive impairment after traumatic brain injury (TBD treated with acupuncture and cognitive training.

METHODSSixty patients were randomized into an observation group and a control group, 30 cases in each one, and 5 cases of them were dropped out due to the earlier discharge. Finally, there were 28 cases in the observation group and 27 cases in the control group. In the control group, the cognitive training and conventional treatment were applied. In the observation group, on the basis of the treatment as the control group, acupuncture was applied to Baihui (GV 20), Fengchi (GB 20), Geshu (BL 17) and Fenglong (ST 40), once a day, for 4 weeks totally. The mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) were adopted to evaluate the cognitive function in the patients of post-TBI cognitive impairment.

RESULTS(1) After treatment, the total score in MMSE and the score of each item were increased significantly as compared with those before treatment in the two groups (all P<0. 05). Except for the score of immediate recall, the score in MMSE and the score of each of the other items were increased significantly in the observation group as compared with those in the control group after treatment (all P<0. 05). (2)After treatment, the total score in MoCA and the score of each item were increased significantly as compared with those before treatment in the two groups (all P<. 05). Except for the score of nomenclature item, the total score in MoCA and the score of each of the other items were increased significantly in the observation group as compared with those in the control group after treatment (all P<0. 05).

CONCLUSIONBoth the simple cognitive training and the combined therapy of acupuncture and cognitive training improve MMSE and MoCA scores and relieve the cognitive impairment induced by TBI. But the combined therapy achieves the much better efficacy.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Brain Injuries ; psychology ; therapy ; Cognition ; Cognition Disorders ; psychology ; therapy ; Cognitive Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome

Object To study the chemical constituents of Hedysarum sikkimense Benth. ex Baker var rigidum Hand Mazz Methods The constituents were repeatedly separated and purified on silica gel column They were identified and structurally elucidated by physicochemical data and spectral analysis Results Nine compounds were obtained Eight of them were lupeol (Ⅰ); isoformononetein (Ⅱ); 3 (4 hydroxyphenyl) 6,7 dimethoxy 4H 1 benzopyran 4 one (Ⅲ); ursolic acid (Ⅳ); docosanoic acid 2,3 dihydroxypropyl ester (Ⅴ); lignoceric acid (Ⅵ); ? sitosterol (Ⅶ) and sucrose (Ⅷ) Conclusion All of them are isolated from this plant for the first time