Leukoaraiosis (LA) is not only found in patients with vascular dementia,Alzheimer's disease,brain trauma,carbon monoxide poisoning Binswanger's disease,mild cognitive impairment,diabetes,but also have a certain proportion in the normal elderly.This article reviews the advances in research on the risk factors,pathogenesis,pathological changes,clinical manifestations,imaging characteristics and treatment of LA.

Objective: Our aim was to discuss the pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in Shenyang. Methods: Histopathological observation was performed with immunohistochemical methods (SP method). We used 10 antibodies as B,T markers to analyze 76 cases of NHL according to the new WHO classification. Results: The B-NHL was more prevalent than the T-NHL. In B-NHL, the Diffuse Large B cell Lymphoma (DLBL) was the most common, next was the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (+/-monocytoid B-cells) and lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL). In T-NHL, the peripheral T cell lymphoma unspecificly accounted most. The positivity rates of CD79a in B-NHL were 100% and its cross-reactivity was 0. The straining rates of polyclonal CD3 with T cell were 88% and CD3 only reacted with 5% of B-NHL. Conclusion: The NHL in Shenyang was marked by the most common DLBL and peripheral T cell lymphoma, unspecificly. The rates of monocytoid lymphoma and LPL were higher. The CD79a and CD3 were antibodies of B-cell and T-cell markers with high sensitivity and specificity, respectively.

Objective To study the role of psychological factors in the onset of psoriasis,to investigate the role of monoamine substances in the course of psychological factors-associated psoriasis,and to reveal the psychoneurologic pathogenesis of psoriasis.Methods The psychological factors were assessed with life events scale and questionnaire of A character.The serum levels of norepinephrine(NE),dopamine(DA)and5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid(5-HIAA)were detected with high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).Results It was shown that there was an overall tendency of weak A character and moderate depression and anxiety in psoriasis patients.The concentrations of NE,DA and5-HIAA were higher in psoriatic patients than those in normal controls(P

Objective To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of renal injury in chronic hepatitis C patients(CHC).Methods The clinical data of 213 CHC patients,who were hospitalized in the People's Hospital of Peking University from Jan.2002 to Oct.2007,were collected.The eGFR was caculated by MDRD equation.The prevalence and risk factors of renal injury in the CHC patients was analyzed by SPSS software.Results The patients has an average age of (53.5?14.7)years old,with male patients accounting for 59.6% and female accounting for 40.4%.We also found that 22.1% patients had hypertension,25.8% had diabetes mellitus,and 94.8% had serum positive HCV RNA.The prevalence of CKD was 26.3%,the prevalence of proteinuria was 14.6%,and the rate of hematuria was 2.8%.Serumpostive HCV RNA was the independent risk factor of proteinuria as demonstrated by multiple variation logistic regress analysis(P=0.028,OR:2.610,95%CI:1.107~6.151).Proteinuria(P=0.02,OR:3.759,95%CI:1.227~11.521),age(P=0.004,OR:1.058,95%CI:1.018~1.100)and blood uric acid(P

Objective Visceral pain in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may be associated with the abnormal processing of pain in the central nervous system.The aim of the study is to investigate the characteristic changes of brain functions in the IBD patients using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) with the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) algorithm.Methods This study included 27 cases of IBD treated in our hospital from December 2015 to August of 2016 and 21 healthy volunteers as normal controls.We recorded the high-resolution structure imaging and rs-fMRI data, compared the brain activities of the two groups patients by ALFF analysis, and evaluated the correlation of the ALFF values with the clinical parameters of the IBD patients.Results Compared with the normal control group, the IBD patients showed significantly decreased ALFF values in the medial frontal gyrus, right putamen, right insula, left middle cingulate gyrus (MCC), and bilateral supplementary motor region (P<0.05), increased ALFF values in the middle frontal gyrus, left superior frontal gyrus, and medial prefrontal lobe region (P<0.05).The ALFF values in the inferior parietal lobule, precuneus and MCC of the IBD patients were correlated negatively with the blood sedimentation rate (r=-0.537,-0.588, and-0.588, P<0.05), disease course (P<0.05), and C-reactive protein (CRP) level (P<0.05), while that in the medial frontal gyrus positively with the CRP level (r=-0.623, P<0.001).Conclusion IBD patients have abnormal ALFF values in various brain regions, mainly in those involved in the processing of visceral pain and emotion.

Objective To investigate changes in bone mineral density (BMD) and analyze its related factors in community populations to provide the early diagnosis of osteoporosis (OP) and give right guidance to prevent osteoporosis. Methods The quantitative ultrasound BMD analyzer was used to measure BMD of heel in 8 711 adults in community. At the same time a questionnaire survey was conducted among these subjects. The data were analyzed by Logistic stepwise regression analysis. Results With the age changing, males and females tended to have different BMD variation. Male and female's BMD peak values were respectively in 35-age group, 30-age group and decreased as age increased. T value of BMD was different between male and female (-1.40(-2.0--0.7)vs-1.3(-2.0--0.5))(P<0.001). Both men and women had a higher incidence of low bone mass (53.34%vs 47.46%), and the difference was significant (P<0.001), whereas the incidence of osteoporosis after 55 years of age between men and women was statistically significance (P<0.05). BMD was the lowest for female than for male in 50-age group, and the prevalence rate of OP was remarkably increased. Analysis of related factors of BMD showed that body mass index (BMI), age, diabetes and menopause were risk facts. Conclusion The BMD among adults is related to many factors, in which the age, BMI and menopause are the most important factors. Much attention should be paid to low bone mass phenomenon, timely monitoring, timely intervention, develop healthy working and living habits, is important to the prevention of osteoporosis and its complications.

Objective To investigate the detection methods of atypical bcr-abl rearrangement with b3a3 fusion transcript,and to describe the characteristics of this fusion gene.Methods Karyotype analysis,FISH and RT-PCR were applied to detect the break point of bcr-abl fusion gene in a patient who was diagnosed as acute lymphoblastic leukemia.Results The karyotype of the patient was expressed as 45,XY,-7,t(9;22)(q34;q1 1).The translocation event in chromosome 9 and 22 could be successfully detected by FISH,and a rare bcr-abl rearrangement with b3a3 fusion transcript was detected by RT-PCR with specific primers.Conclusions The rare e14a3 (b3a3) fusion of bcr-abl gene is present in this patient.Clinical laboratories using commercial kits that do not cover such rare fusions are likely to generate false result,thereby declaring combination of various methods to detect fusion genes is necessary.More studies are needed to explore the function and significance of rare bcr-abl fusion genes.

Objective To describe the monitoring and control of pan-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (XDRABA) colonization and infection in a medical intensive care unit (ICU),and to summarize the effective measures of surveillance of nosocomial infection and control.Methods Nonsurgical patients admitted to medical ICU of Peking University People's Hospital from September 2009 to April 2013 with length of ICU stay over 48 hours were surveyed.Number of cases of colonization and infection of XDRABA per month was recorded,and the clinical features of patients with XDRABA colonization and infection were observed.The control of XDRABA colonization and infection was divided into three stages:① Outbreak stage,from September 2009 to August 2010,the infection control measures included stringent hand hygiene and surface disinfection,use of disposable ventilator tubes and improvement in antibiotics use.② Environmental control stage,from September 2010 to April 2012,the infection control measures consisted of on-the-spot investigation,isolation of patients with XDRABA colonization and infection,tubes terminal environment disinfection.③ Microbial screening stage,from May 2012 to April 2013,throat,nose and axillary swabs were obtained when the patients admitted.Results From 2009 September to 2013 April there was a total of 193 patients colonized or infected with XDRABA,and 64 patients died (mortality rate was 33.2％),and 133 (68.9％) patients were on mechanical ventilation.Patients with XDRABA colonization and infection had severer illness [acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ) score 20.3 ±6.7],longer ICU stay [(34.6 ± 13.8) days].In outbreak stage,number of cases with XDRABA colonization and infection was 5-9 per month.In environmental control stage,case number of XDRABA colonization and infection was 3-6 per month.In microbial screening stage,case number of XDRABA colonization and infection,which were already present,was 2-4 per month,and they were mainly admitted from emergency department (59.5％).The number of cases of ICU acquired XDRABA colonization and infection decreased from 2-3 to 0-1 per month.Conclusion To control the colonization and infection of XDRABA,monitoring of microorganism,hand hygiene,isolation of patients with XDRABA colonization and infection,and stringent environment disinfection were very necessary.

Objective To assess right ventricular (RV) regional and global volume and systolic function in patients with right coronary artery disease by real time three-dimensional echocardiography(RT-3DE).Methods RT-3DE images were acquired in 20 normal controls (Group A),30 patients with right coronary artery stenosis(Group B) and 10 patients with RV myocardial infarction(Group C).Volumetric RT-3DE images were analyzed by use of TomTec software,which provided regional (inflow,body and outflow) and global end diastolic volume(EDV),end systolic volume(ESV),stroke volume(SV) and ejection fraction(EF).RT-3DE quantitative data were analyzed to test repeatability.Results Compared with group A and group B,EDV and ESV of body and global were larger in group C;ESV of inflow and outflow were larger (P ＜0.05).EDV of group C was larger than group B(P ＜0.05).Compared with group A and group B,the EF of inflow,outflow and global in group C were lower(P ＜0.05).The EF of body in group C were lower than group B(P ＜0.05).There was no significant difference in regional and global volume and EF between group A and group B(P ＞0.05).The intra-observer and inter-observer's variability was low and consistency was high.Conclusions In patients with RV myocardial infarction,RV regional and global volumes were enlarged and systolic function was impaired.Evaluating right ventricular regional and global volume and function in patients with right coronary artery disease by RT-3DE has high repeatability.

Objective To explore the influence of erythropoietin (EPO) on infection induced neonatal rat brain injury at different starting time and its related mechanism.Methods Postnatal day 2 (P2) newborn SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:control group (group A),lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group (group B),the early EPO group(group C)and the later EPO group(group D).Pups in group A,B and C were injected different drugs intraperitoneally(group A for saline,group B for 0.6 mg/kg of LPS,and group C for 0.6 mg/kg of LPS and 5 000 U/kg of EPO) once a day for consecutive 5 days(P2-P6).LPS in group D were injected 0.6 mg/kg of LPS intraperitoneally once a day for consecutive 5 days(P2 P6),and with 5 000 U/kg of EPO once a day for consecutive 5 days(P7-P1 1).Rats in each group were given different drugs starting at corresponding time by intraperitoneal injection for 5 consecutive days.Every 10 newborn rats in group A and B were selected randomly on P2(6 h after intraperitoneal injection of drugs for the first time),P7 and P12,the brains were divided into the left and the right hemispheres marked by sagittal suture,using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method to evaluate the erythropoietin receptor(EPOR) protein level with the right cerebral hemisphere and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method was used to investigate EPOR mRNA level of the left cerebral hemisphere.Immunohistochemical method was adopted to evaluate the expression of myelin basic protein(MBP),glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP) and EPOR at specified time point,and HE dyeing for the pathological changes of brain damage in different groups.Results HE staining of the group A presented the normal structure in the neonatal rat brain.Reduced numbers of hippocampal pyramidal cells,expansion of the lateral ventricles and periventricular leukomalacia were found in group B.No leukomalacia or lateral ventricles's expansion in EPO administrated groups and it was more obvious in group C.The EPOR protein and mRNA of group B was increased compared with the group A.The EPOR protein and mRNA levels had a tendency to decline with the increase of age.The MBP expression of group B(107.46 ±3.65)was significantly reduced compared with the group A(146.78 ± 3.13) (P ＜ 0.05),and the expression of EPO groups increased in contrast to the group B,moreover,the group C (126.25 ± 4.42) increased more obviously than that of group D(117.35 ± 3.42) (P ＜ 0.05).The GFAP expression of group B(141.46 ± 11.92 at P7 and 149.48 ± 13.59 at P12) increased significantly than group A(120.63 ± 13.32 at P7 and 119.74 ± 12.48 at P12) (P ＜0.05),the EPO group expressed lower than group B at the P12,and the group C (134.59 ± 12.19) decreased than the group D(137.27 ± 13.87) (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions EPO shows a protective effect on the cerebral white matter injury caused by postpartum infection,it is superior to administer EPO at early time than later time.The mechanism of the protective effect may be connected with the fact that the infection can induce the expression of brain EPOR and the EPOR expression level has a tendency to decline with the increase of age.