It is inevitably that any medical laboratory instrument may have trouble during its operation no matter how advanced it is.The only difference is the failure rate of each medical laboratory instrument.So in order to ensure these instruments work normally,it is very important to maintain them correctly.This paper gives an introduction of characteristics and maintenance requirements about medical laboratory instruments.

Objective To study the bladder function after internal iliac artery chemotherapy for bladder carcinoma. Methods Internal iliac artery chemotherapy was undertaken for 38 cases of bladder carcinoma comprehensively treated by TURBt,partial cystectomy or paliative TURBt.12 were T 1 carcinoma,14 T 2 and 12 T 3. Results The urinary bladder has been preserved in 33 patients.Of the 12 T 1 carcinoma,repeated recurrence occurred in 4.TURBt was undertaken on each occasion whereas total cystectomy was finally carried out in 2 of them.The bladder has been preserved in 10 of 14 and the 10 are still alive;of 14 T 2 (regional infiltrating carcinoma)patients,1 died of metastasis 2 years after surgery and another complicated by renal failure due to chemotherapy and has been on hemodialysis.The bladder has been preserved in 13 of the 14 and the 13 patients are still alive;of the 12 T 3 patients,8 were high risk patients,2 of them died of the cancer 2～3 years after the operation.Tumors vanished in 3 patients with negative multiple randomized biopsy.Tumors became smaller in 7 and partial cystectomy was performed for 3 of them.Of another 4 with shrunken tumors,hematuria has been controlled,the bladder capacity increased and the general condition of the patients improved.The bladder has been preserved in 10 of the 12.The mean survival time has been 58 months. Conclusions Internal iliac artery chemotherapy is effective and useful for some bladder cancer with the bladder function preserved.

Objective To study the pathogenetic characteristics of tertiary hyperparathyroidism. Methods The diagnosis and treatment of a male patient with tertiary hyperparathyroidism were reviwed. Results The patient who had had chronic renal failure underwent excision of the adenoma of parathyroid gland 5 year ago.After that,the total parathyroidectomy and autografting were performed because of his recurrent hyperparathyroidism.The patient began hemodialysis therapy 3 years ago and then underwent allogeneic kidney transplantation 2 years ago.Two months after the operation,symptomatic hyperparathyroidism relapsed.The autonomic parathyroid grafts were removed three times (one part of the grafts resected each time) with relapse occurring three times.Later the hyperparathyroidism was cured by itself after the patient was mentally irritated. Conclusions Tertiary hyperparathyroidism may have already developed before kidney transplantation.

Objective To study the diagnosis and treatment of ectopic testes. Methods 7 cases of ectopic testes were reviewed and studied. Results 5 cases of ectopic testes were diagnosed and located by physical examination and/or type B ultrasonography before operations whereas the ectopic testes was atrophic in the other two.All the ectopic testes were found successfully during surgical exploration.Orchidopexy was performed for 5 patients,and orchiectomy for the other 2 because of marked atrophy.Postoperative follow up has been 2 months to 8 years.All the patients have normal growth.In the 5 cases with reposited testes no displacement,atrophy or malignant change has been noted. Conclusions The diagnosis of ectopic testes should be mainly depended on physical examination and type B ultrasonography.Surgical exploration should be carried out through the inguinal canal and via the pathway of spermatic cord.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the determination of the concentration of cefoperazone sodium in cefoperazone sodium / sulbactam sodium in bile by HPLC.METHODS:The bile specimen was collected from the gallbladder of patients during laparoscopic cholecystectomy and the concentration of cefoperazone sodium was determined by HPLC.The separation of cefoperazone sodium was performed on YWG C18 with column temperature at 35℃.The mobile phase consisted of methanol-water-glacial acetic acid(25.5∶74.5∶0.45) with flow rate at 1.0mL?min-1 and UV detection wavelength at 254nm.RESULTS:The linear range of ceforazone sodium in human bile was 1.25～62.5?g?mL-1(r=0.999 1),and its average recovery was 95.14%(RSD=3.42%).CONCLUSION:The above method is simple and reliable,and it can provide bases for clinical rational use of drugs.

Objective Based on the Chinese full version of the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis Pisa Paris and San Diego-Auto questionnaire ( TEMPS-A) , we aimed to validated a short version of TEMPS-A for Chinese adoles-cents.Methods Taking into account the item factor loading from our previously validated full version TEMPS-A, cultur-ally-determined items, and sexual activity related items, we derived a 60-item Chinese TEMPS-A for adolescents.The internal consistency and structural validity of the Chinese TEMPS-A for adolescents was evaluated in 822 participants aged 11~17 years old.Results The Cronbach’ s alphas coefficients for depressive, cyclothymic, hyperthymic, irritable and anxious subscales were 0.67, 0.78, 0.76, 0.77 and 0.83, respectively.The anxious, irritable, hyperthymic factors were effectively distinguished by exploratory factor analysis, while the depressive and cyclothymic factors tended to correlate.The males scored significantly higher on the hyperthymic subscale than the females [(5.407 ±2.842) vs.(4.852 ±2.963), P<0.01].The females scored significantly higher on the depressive [(3.521 ±2.221) vs.(3.144 ±2.295)], cyclothy-mic [(4.484 ±2.922) vs.(3.917 ±2.823)] and anxious [(5.236 ±3.719) vs.(4.366 ±3.658)] temperaments than the males ( P<0.05) .The scores of depressive subscale and cyclothymic temperaments subscale were significantly correla-ted (r=0.625, P<0.001), so did the scores of anxious subscale and irritable temperament subscale (r=0.628, P<0.001).Conclusions The Chinese Adolescent version of TEMPS-A is a reliable and valid instrument for investigating af-fective temperaments for adolescents.

Background Most anti-inflammation eyedrops are limited in clinical application owing to multiple adverse effects.A novel peptide GC31 derived from human thrombomodulin has a natural anti-inflammatory activity.Compared with conventional anti-inflammatory eyedrops,GC31 possesses more advantages and potential clinical transforming value.However,relevant study is still lack.Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of GC31 and the possible mechanisms.Methods Sixty SPF male Wistar rats aged 8-10 weeks were randomized into 6 groups using randomized number table.Non-specific keratitis models were established in 40 rats by intrastromal injection of 10 μl of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) dissolved in PBS.Different doses of GC31 (125 μg or 250 μg) or dexamethason soluble in PBS were sunconjunctically injected in the experimental eyes respectively in the low dose GC31 group,high dose of GC31 group and the dexamethason group,and 10 μl of PBS was used in the same way in the PBS control group.No drug was injected in the model group,and the normal rats were employed as the blank control group.The corneas were examined by slit lamp microscope and were scored based on the criteria of Anand 24 hours after injection.Then the corneas were collected for histopathological examination.Expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 in the corneas was detected using immunochemistry.Expressions of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) proteins were assayed using ELISA.Real-time PCR was used to detect the expressions of IL-6 mRNA and TNF-α mRNA.The use and care of the experimental animals followed Regulation for the Administration of Affair Concerning Experiment animals by State Science and Techonology Commission.Results A significant difference was seen in the ocular inflammatory scores among the six groups (F =301.238,P =0.000).The inflammatory scores were significantly lower in the high dose of GC31 group than those in the model group (1.85 ± 0.36 versus 2.90± 0.43) (t' =-5.144,P =0.000) ; and the scores in the dexamethason group was lower than those in the high dose of GC31 group(t' =-3.931,P=0.000).Infiltration of inflammatory cells in corneal tissue was milder in the high dose of GC31 and the dexamethason group compared with the model group.The positive response for NF-κB p65 was obviously weaker in the rat corneas in the low and high dose of GC31 groups and the dexamethason group in comparison with the model group.The contents of IL-6 and TNF-α proteins in the corneas were significantly reduced in the low and high dose of GC31 group and the dexamethason group compared with the model group (low dose group:t=-2.626,P=0.009;t'=-2.310,P=0.017.high dose group:t =-3.361,P=0.001 ;t'=-3.151,P=0.002),and the contents of IL-6 and TNF-α proteins in the dexamethason group were lower than those in the high dose of GC31 group (t=-3.361,P=0.001;t'=-3.360,P=0.000).In addition,the expression trend and compared results of IL-6 mRNA and TNF-α mRNA among the groups were similar to those of the IL-6 and TNF-α proteins (all at P＜0.01).Conclusions GC31 suppresses LPS-induced corneal inflammation response by downregulating the expression of inflammatory eytokines.The effect is more dominant in the doses of 250 μg than that in the doses of 125 μg.

Objective To document the MRI features of renal angiomyolipoma (RAML) containing minimal fat and to explore whether the MR features vary depending on the tumor size. Methods The MR findings of 15 cases of pathologically-proved RAML containing minimal fat were reviewed retrospectively from January 2008 to March 2010. All patients underwent MR in a 1.5 T or 3.0 T scanners. The MR features of the lesions were analyzed, with emphasis on the signal intensity and homogeneity on T2WI, in regards to pseudocapsule, lipid component, hemorrhage, cystic degeneration or necrosis, blood vessels, interface with renal parenchyma and enhancement pattern. All lesions were categorized into 2 groups; those with diameter ＞4 cm and those with diameter ≤4 cm. The difference of imaging characteristics between these two groups was analyzed using Fisher exact test. Results All 15 lesions demonstrated hypointensity on T2WI compared to the renal parenchyma. Homogeneous signal intensity on T2WI was seen in 6 lesions (6/15); peritumoral pseudocapsule in 3 lesions (3/15); cystic degeneration or necrosis, hemorrhage in 5 lesions (5/15); flow void of blood vessels in 2 lesions (2/15); lipid component in 4 lesions (4/15); angular interface with renal parenchyma in 10 lesions (10/15); homogeneous enhancement in 8 lesions (8/15). Fifteen lesions were divided into two groups; 9 categorized into group 1 (the maximum diameter ≤ 4 cm) and 6 into group 2 ( the maximum diameter ＞ 4 cm). Cystic degeneration or necrosis was seen in 0 of 9 in group one and 5 of 6 in group two respectively, hemorrhage(0 of 9 and 5 of 6 respectively) and pseudocapsule(0 of 9 and 3 of 6 respectively. The difference between these findings in the two groups demonstrated statistical significance (P ＜ 0. 05). Conclusion The MR features of RAML containing miminal fat were hypointensity on T2 WI,angular interface with renal parenchyma and homogeneous contrast enhancement, however, these findings can vary depending on the tumor size.

Objective To explore the CT and MRI manifestations and clinical features of juxtaglomerular cell tumor (JGCT). Methods A retrospective analysis the data of eight JGCT patients who resected by surgery and comfirmed by histopathology. Seven cases were examined by CT before operation, five of whom underwent CT scan and dynamic enhanced scan, two of whom underwent CT scan, and all of the eight underwent MRI scan and dynamic enhanced scan. The clinical manifestations of patients were also observed, whether they have hypertension and reduced blood potassium, recorded the results of lying and standing test, and collected the segmental renal vein blood to detect the renin levels. Meanwhile, the CT and MRI manifestations were also recorded. Results (1) We found that all of the eight patients appeared hypertension, and hypokalemia were found among five cases. Seven patients proceeded the lying and standing test, six of whom the plasma renin activity (PRA) were elevate in erect position, and the levels of angiotensin Ⅱand aldosterone (ALD) were rised among all of the seven cases in erect position. Four patients were collected the segmental renal vein blood, and one of whom has positive result of the renin activity. (2) The tumors of all the eight cases were single, the border was clear, and the average size was 2.7 cm (range 1.9 to 3.8 cm). The CT scan results showed there's no calcification or pseudocapsule were detected, four cases showed homogeneous iso-density, one case with slightly high density, another one showed low density with dotty high density and one case with low density. The dynamic enhanced CT scan showed that four cases performed continuous enhancement from cortical to medullary phase, and no obvious enhancement was found in one case. The T2WI results of MRI scan showed six cases had pseudocapsule, 6 cases had heterogeneous signal (4 cases with patchy low signal and 2 cases with patchy high signal), and 2 cases had homogeneous signal (one case with iso-high signal and another with high signal). The T1WI results showed two cases performed low signal, anther two cases showed iso-signal, and four cases with heterogeneous signal. The DWI results showed all of the 8 lesions with homo-or peripheral high signal. The dynamic enhanced MRI scan results showed seven cases performed gradual enhancement, and the border of another case became clear on delay phase. Conclusions JGCT has specific clinical and imaging features, and the combination will help make a correct diagnosis.

Objective To explore the value of ultra?high b?value DWI in diagnosis of prostate cancer in central gland. Methods Seventy?one consecutive patients, who were scheduled for prostate biopsy, were prospectively screened. T2WI, conventional DWI with b?value of 1 000 s/mm2 and ultra?high b?value DWI with b?value of 2 000 s/mm2 and 3 000 s/mm2 were performed in each examination. Twelve?core ultrasound guided prostate systematic biopsy was operated within 3 weeks after MRI examination. Images were interpreted based on prostate MR guidelines (PI?RADS) and were corresponding to histological results conducted by ultrasound guided prostate systematic biopsy. Using biopsy as the gold standard, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated for different imaging methods. Sensitivity and specificity differences between ultra?high b?value DWI and conventional DWI were analyzed using the McNemar test. The areas under the curves (AUCs) between ultra?high b?value DWI and other modalities were compared by using the Z test. Results Forty lesions were identified in the prostate central glands from the 33 sample patients in 71 examinees. Twenty two lesions were identified as prostate cancer in 15 patients and 18 lesions were identified as benign prostatic hyperplasia in 18 patients. MRI analysis of lesions in central gland, 27 (67.5%), 20 (50.0%), 32 (80.0%) and 35 (87.5%) were diagnosed accurately with the T2WI, conventional DWI and ultra?high b?value DWI (b=2 000, 3 000 s/mm2) respectively. The sensitivity and specificity for ultra?high b?value DWI was 90.9%and 83.3% with a b?value of 3 000 s/mm2 and was 86.4% and 72.2% for 2 000 s/mm2. These values were significantly higher than conventional DWI with a b?value of 1 000 s/mm2 (59.1%and 38.9%, P<0.05). The detection of lesions was comparable with ultra?high b?value DWI at 2 000 s/mm2 and 3 000 s/mm2 (P>0.05). The AUCs were 0.674, 0.510, 0.793 and 0.871 in T2WI, conventional DWI and ultra?high b?value DWI at 2 000 s/mm2 and 3 000 s/mm2 respectively. ROC analysis showed greater AUCs for the ultra?high b value DWI, than for the T2WI and conventional DWI (P<0.05). Conclusion The ultra?high b?value DWI is a valuable MRI modality in the diagnosis of prostate cancer in central gland.