Objective To investigate the effect of hypertriglyceridemic waist(HTWC)phenotype on cognitive function in patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods According to the standard of plasma triglycerides concentration≥1.7 mmoL/L,waist circumference(WC)≥ 90 cm in men or ≥80 cm in women,304 patients with type 2 diabetes were divided into four groups:normal triglycerides and waist circumference group(group A,n =65),normal waist circumference and hypertriglyceridemia group (group B,n=53),abdominal obesity and normal triglycerides group(group C,n=114),and HTWC group(group D,n =72)for prospective studies.Patients in four groups were surveyed with Mini-mental state examination (MMSE)and Montreal cognitive assessment (MOCA).And changes of cognitive function among the four groups were compared.Results Total score for the MMSE was significantly lower in group D than in group A(27.1±1.9 vs.29.0±1.3,F=2.869,P=0.019).The subscales of attention and calculation(4.0± 1.4 vs.4.6±0.9,F=1.605,P=0.047)and recall(2.2± 0.9 vs.2.6±0.6,F=1.959,P=0.043) were significantly lower in group D than in group A.Total score for the MOCA was significantly lower in group D than in group A(23.4±3.9 vs.25.9±3.6,F =1.975,P=0.031).The subscales of visuospatial and executive(3.5 ± 1.4 vs.4.1 ± 0.9,F=1.537,P =0.048),attention(5.1±1.4 vs.5.7±0.9,F=1.660,P=0.048)and orientation(5.6±1.0 vs.6.0± 0.0,F=2.362,P=0.030)were significantly lower in group D than in group A.Conclusions There is a statistically more significant decline in cognitive function in patients with HTWC phenotype and the effective intervention and treatment are needed.

Objective To investigate the association between gene polymorphism of sortilinrelated receptor 1 (SORL1) and Alzheimer' s disease by detecting a series of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).Methods The Snapshot method was used to genotypc 6 SNPs (SNP10,19,23,24,25,27) in SORL1 and the distributions of allele and genotype of the 6 SNPs were compared between AD patients and healthy control individuals.Results There were significant differences in the genotype distributions of SNP19,23,24 and 25 between AD patients and control group (all P＜0.01).Subjects with TT genotype in SNP19 had significantly lower risk for AD and was protective for AD (OR=0.089,95％CI:0.011-0.718,P＜0.01).The AT genotype in SNP23 (OR＝3.826,95％CI:1.388～10.544,P＜0.01),CT genotype in SNP24(OR=5.935,95％CI:1.774-19.853,P＜0.01)and CT genotype in SNP25(OR=5.754,95％CI:2.007-16.496,P＜0.01)had higher risks for AD.Conclusions SORL1 gene variants of SNP19,23,24 and 25 might be the important risk factors for late-onset AD.

Abstract] Objective To analyze the molecular characteristics of the full-length genome of a new-ly isolated genotypeⅤJapanese encephalitis virus (JEV) strain (XZ0934) in China and the first genotypeⅤJEV strain ( Muar) isolated in Malaya 60 years ago.Methods Several softwares including ClustalX 2.0.9, DNAStar 7.1, Bioedit 7.2.5 and MEGA6.06 were used to conduct sequence alignments and phylo-genetic analysis.Results The full-length genomes of XZ0934 strain (isolated in Tibet, China in 2009) and Muar strain (isolated in Malaya in 1952) were composed of 10 983 and 10 988 nucleotides, respective-ly.The XZ0934 strain was highly similar with the Muar strain showing the homology of 90.6%in nucleotide (nt) and 98.3%in amino acid (aa).The open reading frame (ORF) of the two genotype Ⅴ JEV strains encoded 3433 aa while the ORF of other four genotypes (Ⅰ-Ⅳ) (10 299 nt) encoded 3432 aa.Compared with JEV strains of other genotypes, a serine were inserted into the NS4A gene of JEV strains genotype Ⅴand 10-14 nucleotides were inserted into the downstream of the ORF stop codon in 3′-untranslated region. Phylogenetic analysis of E sequences of all JEV strains genotypedⅠ-Ⅴrevealed that in the cluster of geno-typeⅤ, XZ0934 and 10-1827 ( isolated from mosquitoes in South Korea, 2010) stains formed a branch and were divergent from that of Muar strain indicating that there were molecular genetic differences among geno-typeⅤJEV strains after a 60 years hiatus.Conclusion The two genotypeⅤJEV strains showed high lev-els of identity in nucleotide sequences and amino acid sequences with serine insertion in the NS4A gene. However, there were molecular genetic differences between genotypeⅤJEV strains isolated after a 60 years hiatus.

Objective To assess the value of magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging(DWI) and apparent diffusion coefficients(ADC) values of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis(HAE) in children.Methods 20 cases of children(≤14 years) with HAE were collected in this restrospective study.PNM staging was determined, the HAE peripheral area of DWI lesions with different P stages was observed, and the ADC value of the peripheral area was measured.The comparison of alveococcus lesions in different stages of DWI with continuous edge degree and ADC value difference was done to evaluate the growth activity.Results There were 5 cases of P1 lesions, 7 cases of P2 lesions, 2 cases of P3 lesions and 6 cases of P4 lesions.DWI features of peripheral area were as follows: High signal ring band between HAE lesion edge and adjacent normal hepatic parenchyma was observed.P1 lesions showed almost complete obviously high signal peripheral area, indicating the most active proliferation, P2 and P3 lesions of peripheral area were continuous and with high signal, and still had obvious growth activity.P4 lesions of peripheral area were not continuous, while the signal decreased, indicating the activity also decreased.The highest ADC value was detected in P1 lesions group of and the ADC value of P2 lesions group were lower than P1, and the ADC value of P4 lesions group were the lowest.P3 lesions samples were too small and thus no statistical analysis was done.Differences of ADC value between the three groups were statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion DWI image features could be used to assesse the growth activity of HAE in children with different stages to a certain extent.ADC values measurement provides important reference value for evaluating the growth activity at various stages of the lesions.

Escherichia coli (E. coli) FadR regulator plays dual roles in fatty acid metabolism, which not only represses the fatty acid degradation (fad) system, but also activates the unsaturated fatty acid synthesis pathway. Earlier structural and biochemical studies of FadR protein have provided insights into interplay between FadR protein with its DNA target and/or ligand, while the missing knowledge gap (esp. residues with indirect roles in DNA binding) remains unclear. Here we report this case through deep mapping of old E. coli fadR mutants accumulated. Molecular dissection of E. coli K113 strain, a fadR mutant that can grow on decanoic acid (C10) as sole carbon sources unexpectedly revealed a single point mutation of T178G in fadR locus (W60G in FadRk113). We also observed that a single genetically-recessive mutation of W60G in FadR regulatory protein can lead to loss of its DNA-binding activity, and thereby impair all the regulatory roles in fatty acid metabolisms. Structural analyses of FadR protein indicated that the hydrophobic interaction amongst the three amino acids (W60, F74 and W75) is critical for its DNA-binding ability by maintaining the configuration of its neighboring two β-sheets. Further site-directed mutagenesis analyses demonstrated that the FadR mutants (F74G and/or W75G) do not exhibit the detected DNA-binding activity, validating above structural reasoning.
3-Oxoacyl-(Acyl-Carrier-Protein) Synthase ; genetics ; metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Bacterial Proteins ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; DNA, Bacterial ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; metabolism ; Escherichia coli Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Fatty Acid Synthase, Type II ; genetics ; metabolism ; Fatty Acids ; metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ; Hydro-Lyases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Lipid Metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Repressor Proteins ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; Sequence Alignment ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ; Signal Transduction

OBJECTIVEThis study aims to observe the expression of Sclerostin during movement of orthodontic teeth and determine the effect of this protein on remodeling of periodontal tissues.

METHODSTwenty-four Wistar rats were chosen. Orthodontic forces were applied between the bilateral incisor and first molar to achieve mesial movement. Rats in each group were executed at different time points (0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 14 d). Morphology of periodontal tissue was observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. The number of osteoclasts were observed by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. Sclerostin expression were observed by immunohistochemical staining.

RESULTSHE staining revealed that the resorption of alveolar bone intensified with prolonged movement. Results of immunohistochemical and TRAP staining revealed that Sclerostin expression and number of osteoclasts were related to duration of movement of orthodontic tooth. After staining for 5 days, the number of osteoclasts and Sclerostin expression reached their peak and then began to decline. The numbers of osteoclasts and the expression level of Sclerostin were higher at the compressive side than those at the tensive side.

CONCLUSIONSclerostin affected orthodontic tooth movement by inhibiting the Wnt signaling pathway and by indirectly or directly controlling bone morphogenetic protein.

Animals ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ; metabolism ; Genetic Markers ; Incisor ; Molar ; Movement ; Osteoclasts ; Periodontal Ligament ; metabolism ; Periodontium ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Tooth Movement Techniques

Objective To investigate the workplace violence and empathy fatigue of nurses in tumor hospitals, and analyze the factors that affect the empathy fatigue of nurses in tumor hospitals, so as to provide references for nurses to prevent job burnout and quit their jobs. Methods Using the method of convenient sampling, 865 nursing staff in Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Harbin Medical University were selected as the research subjects. The general data questionnaire, the workplace violence measurement frequency scale and the empathy fatigue scale were used to investigate. Results Tumor hospital nurses workplace violence zero frequency in 261 cases, accounted for 30.17％, the frequency of 336 cases, accounted for 38.84％, 245 cases of intermediate frequency accounted for 28.32％, high frequency of 23 cases accounted for 2.66％; the feeling of fatigue and mild in 171 cases, accounted for 19.77％, 339 cases of moderate and severe in 355 cases, accounted for 39.19％, and 41.04％respectively;negative correlation workplace violence and empathy fatigue compassion satisfaction score (r=-0.164, P<0.01), and occupation burnout, secondary traumatic stress scores were positively correlated (r= 0.149, 0.196, P<0.01); nurse education and workplace violence is compassion satisfaction of the main influence factors(t = 8.284,-4.664, P<0.01); workplace violence, working age and age is the main influencing factors of occupation burnout(t=8.905, 4.114, 2.986, P<0.01);workplace violence (department of radiology), and education is the main influence factors of secondary traumatic stress(t=8.242,-5.822,-3.644,P<0.01). Conclusions The incidence of workplace violence is highamong nurses in tumor hospitals. The empathy fatigue of nurses in the tumor hospitals is more serious. It is necessary for nursing managers to give comprehensive intervention strategies, reduce the incidence of workplace violence and improve the empathy fatigue of nurses.

Objective: To explore the function of cluster needling at scalp points therapy on regulating differential protein's expression at different time points in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model rats. Methods: Fifty-four rats were divided into three groups randomly and 18 rats in each group. The groups respectively were the model group (group M, n = 18), cluster needling at scalp points group (group C, n = 18), false operation group (group F, n = 18). Each group was then assigned in three subgroups, including 24-h, 7-day, and 14-day subgroups. Six rats in each subgroup. Acupuncture at Baihui (GV20) and 2 points beside Baihui, which was 3-4 mm away from the midline. Longa score was used to eval-uated neurological effects. Proteomics methods were used to identify differentially expression proteins with a standard of fold change greater than 1.5 and P<.05 at different times. Results: 1. Nerve function scoring: The nerve function scores at 7 and 14 days decreased in group C, which showed better neural function than group M (P<.05). 2. Fold change in proteins:Group M showed 932 differentially expressed proteins compared with group F, and among them, 414 proteins showed significant changes in expression after acupuncture. The expression levels of Cdc42 and GFAP were increased, and Mag, Shank2, and MBP levels were decreased. In the Gene Ontology analysis, the cellular component consisted of the terms cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, lysosome, and plasma membrane. The main related biological processes were cell-cell signaling, protein transport, aging, and cell adhesion. Many synaptic and metabolic pathways were found by KEGG analysis. Conclusion: Cluster needling at scalp acupoints can improve the nerve function score and improve dyskinesia in MCAO model rats. Cluster needling at scalp acupoints can regulate the expression of 414 proteins, including Cdc42, GFAP, Mag, Shank2, and MBP, which are related to cerebral ischemia. The differential proteins are major concentration in cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, lysosomes, and plasma mem-brane, participate in cell-cell signaling, protein transport, aging, and cell adhesion, and act through multiple synaptic and metabolic pathways to exert their biological functions.

Objective To study the effects of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) with hypertension on cognitive function in those community-based elderly who were aged 60 and over,in Beijing.Methods 82 patients with T2DM,142 patients with both T2DM and hypertension and 277 normal controls were investigated in this study.Both methods as:the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) were used to determine cognitive change.Results The total MMSE scores showed significant decrease between T2DM with hypertension and controls [(28.42± 1.52) vs.(28.88± 1.47),P＜0.05].The MoCA score of the total scores [(25.20± 3.91) vs.(26.50 ± 3.29),P＜0.05],sub-scores of visuospatial,executive [(3.60± 1.56) vs.(3.96± 1.18),P＜0.05] and language [(2.10± 0.80) vs.(2.37± 0.80),P＜0.05] significantly decreased in T2DM patients with hypertension and in the normal controls.Data from the Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that older age and less education were risk factors for cognitive impairment.Conclusion T2DM and hypertension damaged the cognitive function of patients.

Objective To evaluate the protective effect of pterostilbene against ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced acute damage in HaCaT cells,and to explore related mechanisms.Methods The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazo1ium (MTS) assay and flow cytometry were performed to estimate the proliferative activity and the apoptosis and necrosis rate of HaCaT cells treated with different concentrations of pterostilbene respectively,so as to screen the non-toxic concentration of pterostilbene.HaCaT cells were randomly divided into several groups:normal control group receiving no treatment,UVB group irradiated with 57 mJ/cm2 UVB,3 pterostilbene groups treated with 2.44,4.88 and 9.75 μmol/L pterostilbene respectively for 24 hours,3 pterostilbene + UVB groups treated with 2.44,4.88 and 9.75 μmol/L pterostilbene respectively for 24 hours followed by UVB radiation.Western blot analysis was conducted to detect changes of the transcription factor NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression in cell nuclei and cytoplasm before and after the treatment with pterostilbene and UVB,quantitative PCR to determine the mRNA expression of catalase and superoxide dismutase in the HaCaT cells,and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to evaluate the activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase.Results MTS assay and flow cytometry showed that 2.44,4.88 and 9.75 μmol/L pterostilbene had non-toxic effect on HaCaT cells.The protein expression of Nrf2 in the nuclei and cytoplasm in the normal control group was 1.03 ± 0.08 and 1.04 ± 0.11 respectively.Compared with the normal control group,the protein expression of Nrf2 in the nuclei and cytoplasm experienced no significant changes in the 2.44-,4.88-and 9.75-μmol/L pterostilbene groups,and the UVB group showed similar protein expression of Nrf2 in the cytoplasm,but significantly increased protein expression of Nrf2 in the nuclei (1.77 ± 0.08,q =17.24,P ＜ 0.01).Compared with the normal control group and UVB group,the 2.44-,4.88-and 9.75-μmol/L pterostilbene + UVB groups all showed significantly lower protein expression of Nrf2 in the cytoplasm (0.86 ± 0.10,0.87 ± 0.11 and 0.46 ± 0.11 respectively,all P ＜ 0.05),but significantly higher protein expression of Nrf2 in the nuclei (2.38 ± 0.11,2.57 ± 0.11 and 2.07 ± 0.13,all P ＜ 0.01).As qPCR showed,UVB radiation could significantly inhibit the mRNA expression of CAT (P ＜ 0.05),but had no obvious effect on the mRNA expression of SOD (P ＞ 0.05).The mRNA expression of CAT and SOD experienced no significant changes in the 2.44-,4.88-and 9.75-μmol/L pterostilbene groups compared with the normal control group (P ＞ 0.05).However,2.44,4.88 and 9.75 μmol/L pterostilbene could significantly reduce the inhibitory effect of UVB radiation on the mRNA expression of CAT (P ＜ 0.05) and up-regulate the mRNA expression of SOD in the pterostilbene + UVB groups (P ＜ 0.05).ELISA revealed that UVB radiation could inhibit the activity of CAT and SOD in the HaCaT cells (both P ＜ 0.001),while 2.44,4.88 and 9.75 μmol/L pterostilbene could reduce the inhibitory effect of UVB radiation on the activity of CAT and SOD (all P ＜ 0.05).However,the activity of CAT and SOD were still lower in the 2.44-,4.88-and 9.75-μmol/L pterostilbene + UVB groups than in the normal control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Pterostilbene can prevent UVB-induced acute damage in HaCaT cells by activating the Nrf2 pathway and up-regulating the expression of the downstream antioxidant enzymes CAT and SOD.