Objective:To optimize the compatibility conditions of erigeron injection and study the stability after compatibility. Methods:An orthogonal test was employed using the quantity of insoluble particles and the content of rutin as the indices and tempera-ture, solvent and solvent amount as the influencing factors. The results were comprehensively analyzed. According to the results of the orthogonal test, three batches of samples were prepared and observed the stability in 24 hours, including the changes in the number of insoluble particles, pH and total flavonoid content. Results:The optimal compatibility conditions were as follows:the temperature was 25℃, and 250 ml 0. 9% sodium chloride injection was used as the solvent. The appearance and the insoluble particles showed no sig-nificant changes in 24 hours. The total flavonoid content was also stable in 4 hours, but decreased to some extent after then. Conclu-sion:At the clinical dose, erigeron injection in 250 ml 0. 9% sodium chloride injection can keep stable in 4 hours.

Objective:To increase the critical relative humidity(CRH) of Qubi granule,thus to improve its humidity resistance. Methods:The best prescription of Qubi granule was optimized by comparative method,and to determine its critical relative humidity. Results:The old prescription of the Qubi granule's CRH was 50%.With new prescription,the Qubi granule’ s CRH was 61%. the latter has increased by 11% as compared with the former . Conclusion:Considering above result,there is a hope to improve the hygroscopicity of Qubi granule.

AIM To compare liver-protective and anti-inflammatory effects of extracts from root,stem,leaf,and flower of Gentiana rigescens.METHODS The mouse model for the immunological liver injury induced by Concanavalin A,and mouse ear swelling model for inflammation caused by dimethylbenzene were used for the comparison of the liver-protective or anti-inflammatory effects of four parts individually.RESULTS Four aqueous extracts of Gentiana rigescens showed the dose-dependent decrease in the activity of ALT and AST in serum and liver index,and alleviation of hepatic tissue injury induced by Concanavalin A in mice.The effects of the extracts from the leaf and root were better than those from the stem and flower.These extracts presented dose-dependent inhibition against the ear swelling caused by dimethylbenzene in mice.The effects of the extracts from the leaf and stem were better than those from the flower and root.CONCLUSION Extracts from the root and leaf of G.rigescens have liver-protective effect,and parts from the stem and leaf have anti-inflammatory effect.

Objective:To explore the key amino acids of side chain dioxate dehydrogenase complex E2 protein (BCOADC-E2) that can react specifically with specific autoantibody anti-mitochondrial antibodies (AMA)-M2 in patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC).Methods:The homologous target gene BCKD, which expressed the epitopes of BCOADC-E2 protein, was cloned and recombined with the engineering plasmid pGEX-4T1. Fifteen point mutant plasmids were obtained by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and transferred to the prokaryotic expression strain for protein expression and purification. Fourteen mutant proteins and one wild-type protein were obtained. The AMA-M2 specificity of the 14 mutant proteins was measured by enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA), and the amino acids that were critical to the specificity of BCOADC-E2 and AMA-M2 were identified by comparing the specificity of the 14 mutant proteins with that of the wild type proteins. Differences between groups were analyzed by analysis of variance, LSD- t test. Results:A total of 14 mutant proteins and 1 wild-type protein were obtained.The specific reaction degree of mutant protein pGEX-BCKD-S1A (1.634±0.328) and pGEX-BCKD-C3A (1.744±0.345) with serum AMA-M2 in patients with PBC was higher than that of wild-type protein pGEX-BCKD (1.000±0.000) with AMA-M2; Mutant protein pGEX-BCKD-E4A (0.157±0.067), pGEX-BCKD-V5A (0.057±0.029), pGEX-BCKD-Q6A (0.580±0.166), pGEX-BCKD-S7A (0.744 ±0.125), pGEX-BCKD-D8A (0.351 ±0.135), pGEX-BCKD-S10A (0.496 ±0.158), pGEX-BCKD-V11A(0.149±0.089), pGEX-BCKD-T12A(0.061±0.043), pGEX-BCKD-I13A(0.007±0.017), pGEX-BCKD-T14A (0.198±0.101), pGEX-BCKD-S15A (0.156±0.087), The specific reaction degree of pGEX-BCKD-R16A (0.884±0.099) with AMA-M2 was lower than that of wild-type protein pGEX-BCKD (1.000±0.000) with AMA-M2.Conclusion:The cysteines at positions 1 and 3 of BCOADC-E2 protein were the key amino acids to improve the specific reaction between BCOADC-E2 and AMA-M2. The mutant proteins formed after amino acids at position 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16 are replaced by alanine can decrease the specificity of AMA-M2. Amino acids at positions 5 and 13 are the key amino acids that affect the specific reaction between BCOADC-E2 and AMA-M2, and have an important effect on the function of BCOADC-E2 protein.

Clinical research reports serve as the presentation of scientific research findings and directly reflect the quality of the research. This article describes the writing of different types of clinical research reports， such as observational studies and randomized controlled trial studies， with a particular focus on randomized controlled trials. Each scientific research design has its reporting focus， and the writing of scientific research papers has uniform requirements and a specific writing format. Mastering the proper format of drafting research reports is of practical value and significant importance for conduction high-quality clinical research.

ObjectiveTo compare the annual and age trends of the age-standard incidence rate （ASIR） and the age-standard mortality rate （ASMR） of lung cancer in countries with different human development index （HDI） from 1990 to 2019. MethodsThe data were collected from the global burden of disease study and GLOBOCAN 2020. The average annual percentage change （AAPC） and age trends of ASIR and ASMR in lung cancer were analyzed by the Joinpoint regression model， and the comparison between the four groups was analyzed by Kruskale-Wallis analysis. ResultsIn 2020， the incidence and mortality of lung cancer gradually increased with age and HDI grade. From 1990 to 2019， the global ASIR and ASMR of lung cancer decreased， and the ASIR of lung cancer among male decreased， while the ASIR of lung cancer among female increased. The results showed that ASIR of lung cancer in female residents in countries with very high HDI increased significantly from 1996 to 2011， resulting in an overall upward trend in female ASIR， while the other groups showed a downward trend. It was found that ASIR and ASMR of lung cancer in China and India were on the rise， while ASIR and ASMR of lung cancer in Russia and the United States were on the decline. ConclusionAlthough very high/high HDI countries face a higher burden of lung cancer occurrence and death， the accumulation of lung cancer burden is completed in the transitioning period. Therefore， lung cancer prevention measures in countries in transition are critical for global lung cancer control.