Objective:To develop a Subject Interest Inventory (SII) for senior high school students.Methods:The SII was structured by incorporating rational-theoretical and empirical techniques. The item functionality, scale reliability and validity were established.Results:Final version was a 90-item scale measuring student's 9 subject interests. The internal consistency and test-retest reliability were acceptable. The structure of SII was confirmed by intercorrelations among the subscales and by exploratory factor analysis. Evidence of concurrent validity was supported by: (a) the correlations between the interests and the scholastic achievements; (b) the gender differences in subject interest and in the correlations between the interests and the achievements; and (c) the different interests scores between the art students and the science students.Conclusion: These results suggest that the structure of SII is acceptable, and that its reliability and validity indexes are sound.

OBJECTIVE:To explore the characteristics and regularities of cardiac damage induced by metranidazole,and pro-vide reference for clinical safe application. METHODS:In retrospective study,58 cases of cardiac damage caused by metranidazole in Henan ADR Monitoring Center for Drug from Jan. 2010 to Dec. 2015 were analyzed statistically. RESULTS:In 58 cases of cardiac damage induced by metranidazole,25 cases were male,33 were female,the ratio of male to female was 0.76∶1,the patients with ADR/ADE aged 15-64 years (74.14%),most were intravenous administration (79.31%) and happened within 30 min (70.69%), cardiac damage mainly manifested as palpitation,severe cases can cause tachycardia and arrhythmia,the ADR improved or cured af-ter withdrawal or symptomatic treatment. CONCLUSIONS:Clinic should strengthen observation of ADR/ADE caused by metranida-zole,especially the monitoring of cardiac toxicity reactions;pharmaceutical manufacturers should improve the drug instructions to in-sure the safety of clinical medication.

A novel chitosan derivant, N-octyl-N-arginine chitosan (OACS) with a mimetic structure of cell-penetrating peptides was synthesized by introducing hydrophilic arginine groups and hydrophobic octyl groups to the amino-group on chitosan's side chain. Structure of the obtained polymer was characterized by FT-IR and 1H NMR. The substitution degree of octyl and arginine groups was calculated through element analysis and spectrophotometric method, separately. The critical micelle concentration of OACS was 0.12 - 0.27 mgmL(-1) tested by fluorescence spectrometry. The solubility test showed OACS could easily dissolve in pH 1 - 12 solutions and self-assemble to form a micelle solution with light blue opalescence. The OACS micelles have a mean size of 158.4 - 224.6 nm, polydisperse index of 0.038 - 0.309 and a zeta potential of +19.16 - +30.80 mV determined by malvern zetasizer. AFM images confirmed free OACS micelle has a regular sphere form with a uniform particle size. MTT test confirmed that OACS was safe in 50 - 1 000 micromol-L(-1). The result of HepG2 cell experiment showed that the cell internalization of OACS micelles enhanced with increased substitution degree of arginine by 40 folds compared to chitosan. Thus, OACS micelles were a promising nano vehicle with permeation enhancement and drug carrier capability.

Objective To investigate the knowledge awareness of medical staff in department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,on prevention of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus(HBV).Methods Medicatl staff,who attended national or local medical conferences of Obstetrics and Gynecology from July 29th to October 25th in 2011,were invited to complete a questionnaire containing questions on clinical implications of HBV serologic markers,relevant prevention measures and including intervention measures for both pregnant women and infants.Data were collected and analyzed by Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test.Results A total of 559 answers were analyzed.Of the 559 staff,85.0％(n=475) were doctors and 15.0％(n=84) were nurses.The percentages ofstaff from primary,secondary and tertiary hospitals were 13.2％(n=74),36.9％(n=206) and 49.9％ (n=279).Overall,90.0％ (503/559) participants agreed that positive hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was contagious,but 27.5％ (154/559) mistook that the presence of antibody against hepatitis B e antigen (anti-HBc) and/or antibody against hepatitis B core antigens (anti-HBc) with negative HBsAg was contagious.Totally,96.3％ (519/539) respondents knew that pregnant women should be screened for HBV infection,and those from secondary hospitals had more consciousness of HBV screening for pregnant women than those from tertiary hospitals [99.0％ (201/203) vs94.7％(250/264),x2=6.466,P=0.011].Although,95.3％ (511/536) realized that infants of mothers with positive HBsAg should receive hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) and vaccination,but 61.6％ (330/536) and 80.4％ (427/531) of the enrolled medical staff knew the exact regimen.With the available immunoprophylaxis,13.8％ (74/536) participants mistakenly believed that cesarean section may prevent HBV mother-to-child transmission,and only 13.0％ (69/532) correctly answered that neonates of women with positive HBsAg can be breast-fed.Additionally,54.4％ (290/533) participants mistakenly believed that HBsAg positive pregnant women needed HBIG injection during pregnancy to reduce HBV mother to-child transmission.Conclusions Medical staff in obstetric and gynecological department has essentially mastered the strategies of prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HBV,but much more details should be stressed.

Because of the changed metabolic behaviors of cancer cells, tumor cells uptake a corresponding larger amount of glucose in physiological condition when compared with normal cells. And they were prone to metabolize glucose for generating energy in anaerobic glycolysis ways in order to grow quickly. Anaerobic glycolysis consumes more glucose than aerobic way when the same amount of energy is obtained, which also results in large demand of glucose in tumor cells. This review briefly describes therapy methods related to characteristic mentioned above, and summarizes the research progress of drugs, diagnostic reagents and carriers conjugated with glucose, glucose derivatives or other kinds of sugars for cancer targeting. Furthermore, typically relative research reports from 2012 till now were listed and analyzed.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the penetration effects and mechanism of N-arginine chitosan (ACS). This novel transdermal enhancer with a mimetic structure of cell-penetration peptides was synthesized by introducing hydrophilic arginine groups to the amino-group on chitosan's side chain. The structure of ACS was confirmed by FT-IR, 1H NMR and element analysis. In addition, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) was used to study the protein conformation and the water content of stratum corneum, and the result suggested that ACS can change the orderly arrangement of the molecules in the stratum corneum, making the stack structure of keratin become loose. And ACS can increase the water content of the stratum corneurn. Inverted fluorescence microscope and flow cytometry were used to examine penetration effect of ACS on Hacat cell. The result confirmed that the uptake of ACS was enhanced with increased substitution degree of arginine by 4-8 folds compared to chitosan. In vitro penetration studies on three electrical types of drugs were carried out using three model drugs of negatively charged aspirin, positively charged terazosin and neutral drug isosorbide mononitrate by the method of Franz diffusion cells. The results showed that ACS has obviously penetration of the negatively charged drug aspirin, and certain penetration of neutral drug issorbide mononitrate, but inhibition of positively charged terazosin. In vivo imaging technology research results show that the ACS can significantly enhance the fluorescence intensity of morin, which is the auto-fluorescence anionic drug. These obtained results suggested that ACS, as a promising transdermal enhancer, can change the structure of the keratinocytes and analog penetrating peptides promote absorption, but have certain selectivity for the drug.

To investigate the rat intestinal absorption of stearic acid-octaarginine (SA-R8) modified solid lipid nanoparticles containing paclitaxel (SA-R8-PTX-SLN), compared with the commercially available preparation of PTX (Taxol) and PTX-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (PTX-SLN), the in situ intestinal absorption of SA-R8-PTX-SLN was investigated by means of single-pass rat intestinal perfusion technique. The absorptions of the preparations were investigated at different intestinal segments, different drug concentrations and in the presence of P-glycoprotein inhibitor (verapamil). The results showed that PTX could be absorbed at each intestinal segment and the three preparations all showed maximum absorptions at the duodenum. The cumulative absorptions of three preparations at each intestinal segment appeared SA-R8-PTX-SLN > PTX-SLN > Taxol (P < 0.05). SA-R8-PTX-SLN showed a liner absorption manner at the duodenum in the examined drug concentration range. The cumulative absorptions of Taxol and PTX-SLN were significantly promoted after the addition of P-glycoprotein inhibitor (verapamil) into the preparation (P < 0.05), but absorption of SA-R8-PTX-SLN existed no significantly difference compared with the preparation without verapamil (P > 0.05). SA-R8 and SLN might both effectively improve the oral absorption of PTX in the intestinal tract.

BACKGROUND: Micro-implant screws as an absolute anchorage, instead of traditional anchorage that requires patient's high matching and affects beauty, has been paid more attention.OBJECTIVE: To compare the changes in 3 different places following implantation of micro-implant screws. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The controlled study was performed at the Hospital of Stomatology Affiliated to Foshan College of Sciences and Technology from January 2004 to December 2007.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 45 patients who demand powerful anchorage during the orthodontic treatment were assigned to 3 groups: free gingiva group, mucogingival junction group, and mucosa group.METHODS: By using incomplete flap micro-implant screw implantation, micro-implant screws were implanted in the free gingiva, mucogingival junction and mucosa, with 30 screws in each area.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Loosening and defluvium of micro-implant screws were measured. Pain duration and degree were determined in patients undergoing implantation of micro-implant screws 7 days following surgery. Soft tissue surrounding the micro-implant screws and bleeding rate during probing were detected 56 days following surgery.RESULTS: The number of screw loosening was greatest in the free gingiva group (9 screws), while lowest in the mucogingival junction group (2 screws). Patients suffered from severe flare and pain in the mucosa, and the reaction was mild in the free gingiva following implantation. The reaction was not obvious, but severe pain was found in the mucogingival junction following implantation compared with the free gingiva. Soft tissue surrounding the micro-implant screws and bleeding rate during probing were greater in the mucosa group than in the free gingiva group and mucogingival junction group (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The incomplete flap micro-implant screws in the mucogingival junction contribute to the increase in success implantation rate and the decrease in inflammatory degree, and prevent the occurrence of potential risk.

Objective To explore the mechanism of insulin resistance regulated by fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21)and identify its role in oxidative stress.Methods High-fat diet-induced obese mice were treated with FGF21 ,and hepatic oxidative stress markers such as iNOS and insulin signaling molecules such as IRS-1 and Akt were assessed by Western blot and co-immunoprecipitation.Meanwhile,liver steatosis was assessed in liver sections stained with oil red O.Results Obese mice in FGF21 group showed reduced body weight,blood glucose and serum insulin levels,and improved insulin sensitivity as measured by glucose tolerance testing (GTT)and insulin tolerance testing (ITT)compared with obese mice in vehicle group.Meanwhile,FGF21 treatment in obese mice decreased protein expressions of iNOS and TNF-α,and increased insulin-stimulated IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation and Akt Ser-473 phosphorylation,indicating that FGF21 inhibited hepatic oxidative stress and restored impaired insulin signaling.Additionally,we found significantly reduced lipid accumulation in liver sections stained with oil red O in FGF21-treated obese mice.Conclusion Our results support the notion that FGF21 is an important regulator of insulin resistance and that FGF21 may reduce lipid accumulation in the liver,restore hepatic insulin signaling and improve insulin sensitivity in obese mice,at least in part,by inhibiting hepatic oxidative stress.Therefore,FGF21 has a potential value in clinical application.

Objective To study the effect of maternal diabetes during pregnancy on brain deve lopment of filial generation. Methods Cerebral gyri width of lobus frontals was measured in 79 infants of pregnant diabetic mother by ultrasound and the parameters were compared with 108 infants of non diabetic mother. We analyzed the relationship between the variation of cerebral gyri width and the diabetic control of the mothers. Brain development status in neonates with diabetic mothers was observed. Results Cerebral gyri width were significantly wider in the full term infants of diabetic mother (1.006?0.102)cm than that of the infants of non diabetic mother (0.859?0.087)cm. This was more obvious in the gyrus frontals superior and initial section[(1.167 ?0.197)cm vs (0.956 ? 0.123) cm]( P 0.05). Conclusions Maternal diabetes in pregnancy may result in filial generation brain immaturity. Cerebral ultrasound can be used to measure the cerebral gyri width.