Objective To decrease misdiagnosis and to improve the correct diagnostic rate of mammary tuberculosis .Methods 9 cases of mammary tuberculosis proved by operation and pathology misdiagnosed as other diseases were retrospectively analyzed.Results Among 9 cases,5 cases were misdiagnosed as mammary cancer,1 case as chronic mammary inflammation,1 case as mammary abcess,1 case as mammary hyperplasia,1 case as mammary fibroadenoma.Conclusion The reasons leading to misdiagnosis are unsuitable methods of examinations,lack of solid basic knowledge,and lack of experience.

Objective: The bacteriostatic, antiviral, anti inflammatory and antipruritic effects of Mieryongkang Ointment (Rhizoma Coptidis, Radix Sophorae Flavescentis, Fructus Cnidii, Herba Violae, etc) in the treatment of vaginitis were investigated. Methods: By the methods of tube bacteriostatic test in vitro, histamine phosphate allergic pruritic tolerance in guinea pig, xylene induced ear acute inflammatory oedema of mouse and egg albumin caused foot swelling of rat, the pharmacological effects were observed. Results: Mieryongkang Ointment could inhibit and/or destory staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus albus, gonococcus, trichomonad and human immunodeficiency virus in tube trial. It also increased the itching threshold value of histamine phosphate allergic pruritic tolerance in guinea pig and decreased the rates of swelling in ear acute inflammatory oedema of mouse induced by xylene and egg albumin caused in foot of rat after using the drug in skin. Conclusion:Mieryongkang Ointment has bacteriostatic, antiviral, anti inflammatory and relieving the itch.

Objective To evaluate the effects of B-Lynch suture for postpartum hemorrhage due to uterine atony,and to clarify its influence on long-term fertility and next pregnancy outcome.Methods We retrospectively collected the medical records of 150 women who underwent B-Lynch suture during cesarean section due to intra-operative bleeding caused by uterine atony from January 1,2006 to December 31,2013 in Peking University First Hospital.Follow-up was carried out to assess postoperative menstruation and subsequent pregnancy outcomes.Results All the cases underwent B-Lynch suture which successfully retained the uterus.Satisfactory hemostasis was achieved in 131 women (87.3％) who underwent B-Lynch suture only,and in eighteen women (12.0％) who had bilateral uterine artery ascending branch ligation at the same time;and in one patient (0.7％) who underwent B-Lynch suture and uterine artery embolization four hours later due to poor uterine contraction.Of the 141 (94.0％) cases followed up after surgery,menstrual cycle was assessed in a total of 104 women:no changes in the menstrual cycle and bleeding volume were noted in 67 cases (64.4％),prolonged menstruation was observed in five cases (4.8％),menorrhagia in ten cases (9.6％),and hypomenorrhea in 22 cases (21.2％).Eleven women (23.9％) became pregnant and delivered in two to four years after the surgery,and all were full-term abdominal delivery.Conclusions B-Lynch suture is a simple,safe,and effective treatment for postpartum hemorrhage due to uterine atony,without significant change of menstruation.B-Lynch suture is not associated with infertility,and the postoperative pregnant outcome is good.

BACKGROUND: Micro-implant screws as an absolute anchorage, instead of traditional anchorage that requires patient's high matching and affects beauty, has been paid more attention.OBJECTIVE: To compare the changes in 3 different places following implantation of micro-implant screws. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The controlled study was performed at the Hospital of Stomatology Affiliated to Foshan College of Sciences and Technology from January 2004 to December 2007.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 45 patients who demand powerful anchorage during the orthodontic treatment were assigned to 3 groups: free gingiva group, mucogingival junction group, and mucosa group.METHODS: By using incomplete flap micro-implant screw implantation, micro-implant screws were implanted in the free gingiva, mucogingival junction and mucosa, with 30 screws in each area.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Loosening and defluvium of micro-implant screws were measured. Pain duration and degree were determined in patients undergoing implantation of micro-implant screws 7 days following surgery. Soft tissue surrounding the micro-implant screws and bleeding rate during probing were detected 56 days following surgery.RESULTS: The number of screw loosening was greatest in the free gingiva group (9 screws), while lowest in the mucogingival junction group (2 screws). Patients suffered from severe flare and pain in the mucosa, and the reaction was mild in the free gingiva following implantation. The reaction was not obvious, but severe pain was found in the mucogingival junction following implantation compared with the free gingiva. Soft tissue surrounding the micro-implant screws and bleeding rate during probing were greater in the mucosa group than in the free gingiva group and mucogingival junction group (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The incomplete flap micro-implant screws in the mucogingival junction contribute to the increase in success implantation rate and the decrease in inflammatory degree, and prevent the occurrence of potential risk.

Objective: To investigate the effects of Rehannia glutinosa decoction (RGD)、 Rehmannia glutinosa polysaccharide (RGP) and Rehmannia glutinosa non polysaccharide (RGNP) on peripheral hemogram in mice. Methods: The first experimental group were continuously given RGD、RGP and RGNP for nine days, and then blood sample was taken from tails for determination of peripheral hemogram. The second group were given RGD、RGP and RGNP for five days, after making the blood difficiency model of cyclophosphamide. Determinating peripheral hemogram of the third group, after that those mice were given cyclophosphamide by 2 days, 4 days, 6 days, 8 days. Results: Peripheral hemogram of the every normal group has no difference. To compare the model of blood difficiency group and the control group, there were significant differences, RGNP can only enhance WBC. Both RGP and RGNP can reduce WBC of the mice model of anti cyclophosphamide, while RGP was superior to RGNP. Conclusion: Rehmannia glutinosa has dual directional adjustment function. RGP is tonifying blood active fraction of RG.

Objective To observe the X-ray appearance and clinical value of galactography.Methods 600 cases of galactorrhea confirmed by pathologly underwent galactography,among them,298 cases were blood type(49.8%),150 cases were serum type(25%),106 were rinsing type(17.7%) and others were 46 cases(7.7%).Results On galactography,the ductsl were divided into 3 groups: 345 cases were foliar type(59%),127 were ramate type(26.2%),87 were trunk type(14.8%).The main radiographic characteristics of lesions were mammary ductal ectasia in 578(96.3%),ductal distortion in 561(93.5%),irregular filling defect in ducts in 349(58.2%),and ductal damage in 39(6.5%).42 cases were breast carcinomas(7%),312 were intraductal papillary tumors(52%),129 were mammary ductal ectasia(21.5%),26 were mammary ductal mastitis(4.3%),49 were proliferous disease(8.2%),25 were mammary cyst(4.2%),17 were negative anamnesis(2.8%).Conclusion Galactography is beneficial in diagnosis of the pathogenesis of galactorrhea.

OBJECTIVETo understand childhood asthma from age 0 to 14 in Kaifeng city and the relevant risk factors, effects of therapy and costs.

METHODSEleven thousand children aged 0 to 14 were chosen in Gulou area, Shunhe area using cluster sampling.

RESULTS(1) The overall prevalence of childhood asthma was 1.16% sex ratio 1.72:1. Significant difference was found among every age group (P < 0.001), with the highest from 0 to 3, the prevalence rate in industrial area was significantly higher than that of residential area, with a ratio of 2.13:1 (P < 0.001). (2) Major relevant factors were found to be: history of hypersensitivity, upper respiratory infection and family history; while nationalities, history of contact with pets were not found to be related to childhood asthma (P > 0.05). (3) The expenditure was significantly different between non-specific therapy and specified therapy (P < 0.001). Among those children with asthma, 89.8% did not get specified treatment and the average expenditure was 2,375.2 Yuan per year, which was 10.2% of accepted specified therapy, namely under GINA program, with average expenditure 653.68 Yuan every year.

CONCLUSIONThe result of this study provided scientific basis for child asthma prevention and cure in this area.

Adolescent ; Asthma ; economics ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Prevalence

Objective To investigate the effects of emodin on the triglyceride metabolism and oxidative stress in steatosis in HepG2 cells and possible underlying mechanisms.Methods The appropriate concentration of emodin on HepG2 cells were detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay.HepG2 cells were induced to fat overaccumulation by 1 mmol/L free fatty acids (FFA) (oleate∶ palmitate =2∶1).The model group exposed to 10 μmol/L,20 μmol/L,40 μmol/L emodin.The intracellular lipid accumulation was documented by Oil Red O staining and the content of triglyceride and total cholesterol was observed.Reactive oxygen species (ROS) was determined by flow cytometry.Western blotting was performed to analyze the protein levels of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK),phosphorylated AMPK,and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP-1).Results Emodin reduced lipid accumulation and triglycerides (TG) content (P ＜ 0.05).At the same time,it significantly reduced ROS production (P ＜ 0.05).Moreover,the levels of AMPK and p-AMPK protein were significantly upregulated,and SREBP-1 protein was significantly downregulated with the treatment of emodin (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions This study has demonstrated that emodin can reduce fatty degeneration induced by FFAs in hepatocytes,and this effect may be partially mediated by the AMPK/SREBP-1 pathway.

Objective To study the effects of bone mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)transplantation on pulmonary tissue fibrosis in silicosis rats.Methods Forty-two healthy female SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:group A,B,C and D.The group A,B and C received intratracheal injection of silica crystals(SiO2)to establish silicosis mouse models,while the group D received the infusion of physiological saline.BMSCs were injected by the tail vein at 6 h after modeling or on 42 d in the group B and C.Six rats in each of group A,B,and D were sacrificed on 14 d,and other 6 rats in each group were sacrificed on 56 day.The morphological changes of the lung tissues were observed by HE staining;the content of hydroxyproline(Hyp)in the lung tissue homogenate was detected by ELISA.Results The lung tissue pathological changes in the group A were dominated by acute inflammatory response on 14 d after model construction,and fibrosis reaction on 56 d;the pathological changes in the group B and C were lighter than those in the group A;while no obvious abnormality was found in the group D.The Hyp level of pulmonary tissue in the group A,B and C was significantly increased compared with the group D(P=0.000);which on 14 d after BMSCs treatment in the group B and C was significantly decreased compared with the group A(P=0.000,P=0.035),and which on 56 d after treatment in the group B was still significantly decreased(P=0.016).Conclusion No matter in the pathological stages of pulmonary alveolitis and fibrosis,BMSCs transplantation may postpone the pathological process of pulmonary fibrosis in silicosis rats.

Objective To investigate the current status of screening and management of thyroid diseases during pregnancy,and to provide evidence for further improvement of clinical management.Methods Clinical data of 5 981 pregnant women who delivered at Peking University First Hospital between September 1,2013 and September 30,2014 were analyzed retrospectively.Their average age was (30±4) years (18-47 years) and average gestational week was (39.2± 1.6) weeks (25.5-42.0 weeks).The reference range of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) was 0.1-2.5 mU/L recommended by the American Thyroid Association (ATA).The reference range of free thyroxine (FT4) was 11.48-22.70 pmol/L and the cut-off value of thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) was 34 U/ml both recommended by the kit.The specific reference range of TSH was obtained from normal pregnant women in this study (0.23-4.08 mU/L in the first trimester).Pregnant women with hypothyroidism were divided into two groups according to their TSH level at the first trimester:TSH ≥ 2.5-＜4.08 mU/L group and TSH ≥ 4.08 mU/L group.T test,Chi-square or Fisher's exact test were applied for statistical analysis.Results (1) Screening status:Of the 5 981 pregnant women,there were 13 cases (0.2％) of hyperthyroidism and 146 cases (2.4％) of hypothyroidism diagnosed before conception (133 cases of Hashimoto thyroiditis,eight cases after operation for thyroid cancer,and five cases after 131I therapy because of hyperthyroidism).Among the 5 822 cases requiring screening,4 044 cases (69.5％) received screening tests of TSH,FT4 and TPOAb during early pregnancy according to Chinese Guidelines,and 1 778 cases received neither standard screening nor screening test.(2) Treatment of hypothyroidism:Hypothyroidism treatment rate was only 61.5％ (107/174) according to the reference range recommended by the ATA,lower than that of 88.1％ (52/59) according to the reference range of this study (x2=14.430,P＜0.05).There were 60 cases receiving no treatment in TSH ≥ 2.5-＜4.08 mU/L group.Forty-three of these cases were reexamined,and one of them was abnormal,with a rate of 2.3％ (1/43).There were seven cases without treatment in TSH ≥ 4.08 mU/L group;six of them were reexamined among which one was abnormal,with a rate of 1/6.(3) Thyrotoxicosis:Among the 4 044 pregnant women,99 cases had TSH ＜0.1 mU/L,including 11 cases with FT4 ≥ 22.70 pmol/L (22.82-60.96 pmol/L).Only three cases were positive for thyrotrophin receptor antibody,and then diagnosed as hyperthyroidism and treated with propylthiouracil.(4) Thyroid cancer:Among the 5 981 pregnant women,six cases were diagnosed as thyroid cancer during pregnancy and lactation,with an incidence of 100.3/100 000.Of the six cases,five were diagnosed during pregnancy,and one at one month postpartum.All of the six cases underwent operation and were confirmed to be papillocarcinoma by pathology.Conclusions The screening rate of thyroid diseases during pregnancy is high,but the clinical management is not fully standardized.We suggested that each center should established its own normal reference range for thyroid function test.The incidence of thyroid cancer during pregnancy is increasing,thus attention should be paid to its diagnosis.