With decision tree model, both net utility and cost-benefit were analysed to comprehensively assess hepatitis B vaccination strategy in China. The result showed that neonates shoulUbe taken as the most favourable vaccinated population, infants aged 0～3 years the next, and immediate vaccination scheme was recommended. Although vaccination would result in negative benefit in the population aged 7 and over, certain net utility was also gained, Therefore we suggest that the subjects to be vaccinated be extended in due course.

ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy and the immunological memory of plasma-derived hepatitis B vac- cine 11 years after the initial inoculation. Methods A randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled trial design was used. Results The immunogenicity and protection rate of the vaccine were good 1 1 years after vaccination, how- ever, from 9 to 11 years after vaccination, the perscn year HBV infection rate showed no noticeable difference be- tween the vaccine group and placebo-controls. Furthermore, the immunological memory remained 11 years after in- oculation, but was significantly lower than that observed in the past 10 years. Conclusion Vaccine protection wanes over the years. More information is needed to define the appropriate time for vaccine booster doses.

Objective In order to observe the efficacy of low-dose in the third injection of hepatitis B vaccine. Methods 126 children aged 5～9 years were enrolled in a double-blind, place-controlled and randomized field trial. They were randomly divided into 10μg and 20μg dose group, and were redivided into 2μg, 5μg, 10μg, 20μg or non-in jected subgroups when the third booster injections were given. Results During the 9 years follow-up, the differences of the anti-HBs levels(GMT) among the groups were not significant at every time (P ＞ 0. 05). The GMTs at the ninth year(T108) were 7. 0, 6. 4, 9.9, 6.1, 9.7, 5. 4 and 7.4, respectively (P＞ 0. 05). The HBV infection rates among the groups had no significant difference (P ＞ 0. 05). The protective rates in the groups were all higher than 75％ at T108. Conclusion According to the data, it can be concluded that the third injection with low-dose has no influence on the vaccine efficacy(either short-term or long-term efficacy).

Objective To assess the detection of urinary neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) and blood prohibitin (PHB) levels in early diagnosis of children with acute kidney injury (AKI).Methods One hundred and twenty children with severe allergic purpura,sepsis,kidney disease or heart disease admitted from June 2011 to June 2013 in our hospital were enrolled,including 60 cases with AKI and 60 cases without AKI;and 60 healthy children were selected as the control group.The urinary NGAL and blood PHB levels were measured with ELISA method.Results At d1 after diagnosis,the urinary NGAL level in severe AKI group [(146.76 ±61.22) μg/L] was higher than that in non-AKI group [(21.79 ± 17.31) μg/L] and control group [(17.42 ± 13.11) μg/L] (t =15.430 and 22.216,P ＜ 0.01).At d2 after diagnosis,the urinary NGAL level in severe AKI group [(82.31 ± 44.76) μg/L] was higher than that in non-severe AKI group [(21.56 ± 28.56) μg/L] (t =8.863,P ＜0.01).At d1 of diagnosis,the blood PHB level in severe AKI group was higher than that in non-severe AKI group [(14.03 ±6.43) vs.(8.01 ± 6.13),t =11.271,P =0.004];blood PHB in severe AKI group was higher than that in non-AKI group [(10.63 ± 4.21) vs.(8.00 ± 4.76),t =7.051,P =0.017].The levels of urinary NGAL and serum PHB gradually decreased over time in children with severe AKI.The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of urinary NGAL and blood PHB for diagnostic of AKI were 0.833 and 0.952 (P ＜ 0.01),respectively.The diagnostic rate of the combination of the two parameters was 100％.Conclusions The diagnostic value of PHB alone or NGAL in AKI still may be improved.The detection of PHB combined with NGAL can make up each other and improve the diagnosis of AKI,which contribute to the early diagnostic of AKI for clinical workers and provide effective intervention measures,and then reduce the mortality.

Objective:To introduce the scientific research management strategies and measurements of T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard, and explore possible reflections for the research management of Chinese medical universities.Methods:Identify the administrative measurements of scientific research management of Harvard School of Public Health by typical case analysis.Results:Harvard School of Public Health used strategic management tools to draw long-term vision for the development of public health, formulate strategic objectives and implementation paths, different functional departments of scientific research management conducted concerted work to provide high-quality scientific research management services which aimed to serve the institutional strategic development.Conclusions:In order to improve the scientific research management in medical universities in China, it is important to develop appropriate strategy of scientific research development, cooperation among related departments, as well as professional support and training for scientific research management personnel.

Objective: To analyze the clinical features and possible pathogenesis of sudden deafenss and vertigo induced by inner ear hemorrhage. Methods: Clinical data of 30 patients with inner ear hemorrhage, from the first affiliated hospital of Sun Yat-sen university during Jan 2016 to May 2017, were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Vergito and profound deafness were seen in all patients. The duration of vertigo ranged from 24 hours to three days in 11 cases, three to 14 days in the remaining 19 cases. Simultaneous occurrence of vergito and deafenss were seen in 24 patients. Semicircular canal hypofunction and abnormal cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials(C-VEMP)/ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials(O-VEMP) were detected in all cases. Ten patients had benign paroxysmal positional vertigo(BPPV) simultaneously. Hearing recovered in 20% of the cohort posttreatment. Dizziness and balance disturbance disappeared 1 to 2 months after therapy in 16 cases. Long term (6 months) follow up revealed poor hearing outcome and vestibular rehabilitation. Conclusion Vestibular vertigo and profound sensorineural hearing loss, with unsatisfactory clinical prognosis, constituted the characters of inner ear hemorrhage-associated sudden deafness.