Objective To investigate the role ot adhesion molecule CD44 in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection induced bronchiolitis.Methods Thirty-six children with RSV infection induced bronchiolitis (infection A group),34 children with only RSV infection (infection B group) and 40 healthy children (control group) were selected.The proportion of peripheral blood CD44+ cell was determined by flow cytometry.The levels of peripheral blood interferon (IFN)-γ,interleukin (IL)-4,IL-10 and IL-12 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results The expression of CD44 and the level of IL-4 in peripheral blood in infection A group were significantly higher than those in infection B group and control group,there were statistical differences (P ＜ 0.05).The level of IFN-γ in peripheral blood in infection A group was significantly lower than that in infection B group and control group,there were statistical differences (P ＜0.05).The levels of IL-12 in peripheral blood in infection A group and infection B group were significantly lower than that in control group,there were statistical differences (P ＜ 0.05).There were no statistical differences in the level of IL-10 in peripheral blood among the 3 groups (P ＞ 0.05).In the children with RSV infection,the expression of CD44 in peripheral blood was positively correlated with the level of IL-4 (r =0.798,P ＜ 0.05),the level of IL-12 was negatively correlated with the level of IL-4 (r =-0.186,P ＜0.05).Conclusion The expression of adhesion molecule CD44 may play a role in the RSV infection induced bronchiolitis,and the high expression of CD44 in children with RSV infection may increase the susceptibility to bronchiolitis.

Objective:To observe the therapeutic effect of warm needling moxibustion for erectile dysfunction (ED).
Methods:A total of 46 eligible ED patients were randomized into a treatment group (n=24) and a control group (n=22). The treatment group was intervened by warm needling moxibustion while the control group by conventional acupuncture treatment, for a total of 4 courses. The therapeutic effect was evaluated by the international index of erectile function 5 (IIEF-5).
Results:After 4 courses of treatment, the overall effective rate was 91.3% in the treatment group (23 completed), versus 75.0% in the control group (20 completed), with a significant difference (P<0.05). After the treatment, the change of IIEF-5 score in the treatment group was significantly different from that in the control group (P<0.05).
Conclusion:Warm needling moxibustion can produce a more significant efficacy than conventional acupuncture in the treatment of ED.

Objective: To summarize and critically assess the evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of acupuncture in treating dry eye syndrome (DES) according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement and the Cochrane Collaboration recommendations. Methods: A search of PubMed, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, ClinicalTrials.gov and Embase was made from their inception to August 2016, as well as Chinese, Japanese, and Korean databases. Two reviewers independently selected RCTs and assessed the methodological quality. Meta-analysis and the level of evidence were processed by RevMan 5.3 and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Results: After selection, 8 trials were subjected to our systematic review. The methodological quality was low generally. The 3-10 weeks follow-up showed that acupuncture improved the tear film break-up time (BUT) (MD=1.33, 95%CI=1.01-1.66, 619 participants). The mean difference of Schirmer's test was 1.73 mm (95%CI=1.28-2.18, 618 participants) between the acupuncture group and the control group. The subjective variables exhibited no significant differences. Conclusion: The low methodological quality of the trials does not suggest drawing firm conclusions on the value of acupuncture therapy for DES. Acupuncture treatment may have some effects on the tear film BUT and Schirmer's test, but not on the subjective symptoms. Well-planned large-scale high-quality RCTs are needed to make it clear whether acupuncture is effective in treating DES.

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of warm needling moxibustion plus functional exercises in treating knee osteoarthritis (KOA).Methods:Totally 108 eligible KOA patients were intervened by warm needling moxibustionplus functional exercises. The warm needling moxibustion was given 3 times a week, successively for 4 weeks. The visual analogue scale (VAS) was adopted to evaluate the pain intensity of the knee joint. After 4-week treatment, the change of VAS score, range of motion (ROM) of knee, and Lysholm score were observed, and the clinical efficacy was also estimated. Results:After treatment, the VAS score dropped obviously, and the ROM and Lysholm score increased markedly; the total effective rate was 83.3%. Conclusion:Warm needling moxibustionplus functional exercises is effective in treating KOA, as it can relieve the knee joint pain and improve the joint motion.

Objective To evaluate the diagnosis and management of bronchial rupture from blunt thoracic trauma. Methods A group of 31 patients with bronchial rupture was involved. Chest roentgenography, tornography and bronchoscopy were performed on all patients. The surgical technique and complications were described.Results Diagnosis was confirmed by tomography and bronchoscopy in all the patients. End to end anastomosis was used in 26 patients. Four patients were operated with total pneurnonectomy. One patient was repaired with an intercostal muscle and rib flap with blood supply. Of the 31 patients, one died of adult respiratory distress syndrome after operation. Most patients had excellent surgical outcomes. 81％ (25/31)of the bronchial rupture were delayed in diagnosis and treatment. The classic symptoms and signs of bronchial rupture included subcutaneous emphysema, dyspnea and an intermediate coma interval. The roentgenogram showed mediastinal emphysema, pneumothorax, “drop lung” sign and marked radiodensity of hilum widened mediastinum.Conclusion Bronchoscopy is a useful and accurate method to diagnose and treat the bronchial rupture, with which surgeons can easily locate the rupture site during surgery. Surgical treatment could restore pulmonary function in most patients.

his article expounds the concept, theory and mechanism of laughter therapy, introduces the process of laughter therapy, and analyzes and summarizes the effects of laughter therapy on elderly patients in other countries in order to provide a reference for studies on laughter therapy in China and to improve elderly people's physical and mental health as well as their quality of life.

Objective To evaluate the dosimetric difference between fixed-field static intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), fixed-field dynamic multileaf collimator (DMLC), and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT), all of which involve supraclavicular and infraclavicular regions, in breast cancer patients after breast-conserving surgery.Methods This study included 14 female patients with breast cancer who received radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery in our hospital from October 2012 to April 2016.The radiation field included the chest wall and supraclavicular and infraclavicular regions.IMRT, DMLC, and VMAT plans were generated for each patient while using identical optimization conditions.The doses to planning target volume (PTV) and organs at risk (OARs) were compared based on dose-volume histogram (DVH);one-way analysis of variance or nonparametric Wilcoxon rank test was used for comparison.Results For the dose distribution of PTV, VMAT achieved the best V95, V98, CI, and HI (P<0.009).Concerning the doses to OARs, VMAT achieved the best V5, V20, and Dmean of the ipsilateral lung and the best V5 and Dmean of the contralateral lung (P<0.022).Dmean of the spinal cord was significantly lower in VMAT than in IMRT and DMLC (P=0.004).Conclusions VMAT is preferred for the patients with breast cancer to be treated with radiotherapy involving supraclavicular and infraclavicular regions after breast-conserving surgery.It can improve the dose distribution of target and reduce the doses to organs at risk and radiotherapy toxicities.

Objective:To explore the influencing factors of accidental falls outside the hospital in elderly patients with accidental injury in the Emergency Department, so as to provide a basis for preventing accidental injuries.Methods:Convenience sampling was used to select 210 emergency elderly patients who visited the hospital due to accidental injuries from November 2017 to May 2020 in the Second Medical Center, People's Liberation Army General Hospital as the research object. Patients were investigated with the self-designed Out-of-hospital Accidental Injury Consultation Questionnaire. Single factor analysis and binomial Logistic regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of falls in elderly patients. A total of 210 questionnaires were distributed in this survey, and 180 valid questionnaires were returned with the valid response rate of 85.71%.Results:A total of 147 falls occurred among 180 elderly patients in the Emergency Department, and the incidence of falls was 81.7%. Binomial Logistic regression analysis showed that old age, outdoor, chronic diseases and no use of walking aids were independent risk factors for falls ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The main types of accidental injuries in elderly patients are falls. Strengthening the nursing education of fall prevention measures, improving compliance with medications, choosing suitable walking aids or trying other new fall prevention technologies, and establishing a multi-party participation model can effectively prevent and reduce the occurrence of falls in elderly patients.

Objective:To investigate the radiation field and dose selection of patients with isolated chest wall recurrence (ICWR) after modified radical mastectomy, and analyze the prognostic factors related to subsequent chest wall recurrence.Methods:Clinical data of 201 patients with ICWR after mastectomy admitted to the Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital from 1998 to 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. None of the patients received postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy. After ICWR, 48 patients (73.6%) underwent surgery and 155 patients (77.1%) received radiotherapy. Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the post-recurrence progression-free survival (PFS) rates and the difference was compared by log-rank test. Multivariate analysis was performed using Cox regression model. Competing risk model was adopted to estimate the subsequent local recurrence (sLR) rates after ICWR and the difference was compared with Gray test. Multivariate analysis was conducted using F&G analysis. Results:With a median follow up of 92.8 months after ICWR, the 5-year PFS rate was 23.2%, and the 5-year sLR rate was 35.7%. Multivariate analysis showed that patients with surgery plus radiotherapy and recurrence interval o F>12 months had a lower sLR rate. Patients with recurrence interval o F>48 months, local plus systemic treatment and surgery plus radiotherapy had a higher PFS rate. Among the 155 patients who received chest wall radiotherapy after ICWR, total chest wall irradiation plus local boost could improve the 5-year PFS rate compared with total chest wall irradiation alone (34.0% vs. 15.4%, P=0.004). Chest wall radiation dose (≤60 Gy vs.>60 Gy) exerted no significant effect upon the sLR and PFS rates (both P>0.05). In the 53 patients without surgery, the 5-year PFS rates were 9.1% and 20.5%( P=0.061) with tumor bed dose ≤60 Gy and>60 Gy, respectively. Conclusions:Local radiotherapy is recommended for patients with ICWR after modified radical mastectomy of breast cancer, including total chest wall radiation plus local boost. The radiation dose for recurrence should be increased to 60 Gy, and it should be above 60 Gy for those who have not undergone surgical resection. In addition, patients with ICWR still have a high risk of sLR, and more effective treatments need to be explored.

Objective:To analyze the prognosis of patients with isolated regional recurrence (RR) after mastectomy, and evaluate the efficacy of radiotherapy and identify the optimal radiation target volumes.Methods:Clinical data of 144 patients with first isolated RR after mastectomy between 2001 and 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients had not received post-mastectomy radiotherapy. The primary endpoints consisted of the subsequent locoregional recurrence (sLRR), distant metastasis (DM), progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).Results:With a median follow-up of 82.5 months after RR, the 5-year sLRR, DM, PFS and OS rates for the entire group were 42.1%, 71.9%, 22.9% and 62.6%, respectively. Local plus systemic therapy was an independent favorable prognostic factor for sLRR ( P<0.001) and PFS ( P=0.013). The sLRR rate in the surgery plus radiotherapy group was the lowest ( P<0.001). Surgery plus radiotherapy significantly reduced the 5-year risk of recurrence within the initially involved nodal regions ( P<0.001). Patients with chest wall irradiation obtained the 5-year subsequent chest wall recurrence rate of 12.1% compared to 14.8%( P=0.873) for those without chest wall irradiation. The subsequent supraclavicular recurrence rate was lower in patients with prophylactic supraclavicular irradiation than that without prophylactic supraclavicular irradiation (9.9% vs. 23.8%, P=0.206). The incidence rates of initially uninvolved axillary and internal mammary nodal recurrence were below 10% regardless of prophylactic irradiation or not. Conclusions:Patients with RR alone have an optimistic 5-year OS in the contemporary era. Comprehensive locoregional treatment including surgery and radiotherapy combined with systemic therapy is recommended. The chest wall, axillary and internal mammary nodal prophylactic irradiation should not be routinely performed for all patients with RR. The value of supraclavicular prophylactic irradiation remains to be evaluated.