Objective To investigate the correlation between ipsilateral prominent posterior cerebral artery laterality (PCAL) and white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) in patients with severe internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis. Methods From April 2016 to December 2017, patients with unilateral ICA stenosis≥70% (including occlusion) and contralateral ICA stenosis <50% or no stenosis admitted to the Department of Neurology, Liaoning Provincial People's Hospital were enrolled. According to the presence or absence of PCAL on the ipsilateral side of ICA stenosis, they were divided into positive group and negative group, and the severity of WMHs was compared between the 2 groups. The patients were grouped according to the severity of overall WMHs and deep WMHs (DWMHs) and periventricular WMHs (PWMHs) on the ipsilateral side of ICA stenosis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the independently relevant factors of WMHs. Results A total of 131 patients were enrolled, 65 of them (49.62% ) had ipsilateral PCAL positive. The proportion of severe DWMHs in this group was significantly lower than that in the ipsilateral PCAL negative group (38.46% vs. 59.09% ; χ2 =5.578, P=0.018 ). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that advanced age (odds ratio [ OR] 2.196, 95% confidence interval [ CI] 1.278-3.773; P=0.004), hypertension (OR 3.279, 95% CI 1.107-9.709; P=0.032), and high systolic blood pressure (OR 1.027, 95% CI 1.002-1.053; P=0.031) were independently associated with severe overall WMHs; advanced age (OR 1.957, 95% CI 1.141-3.358; P=0.015) and hypertension (OR 4.739, 95% CI 1.570-14.286; P=0.006) were independently correlated with ipsilateral severe DWMHs, ipsilateral PCAL (OR 0.340, 95% CI 0.135-0.856; P=0.022 ) was independently correlated with ipsilateral mild DWMHs; advanced age (OR 1.805, 95% CI 1.175-2.775; P=0.007) and high systolic blood pressure (OR 1.030, 95% CI 1.007-1.053; P=0.010) were independently correlated with ipsilateral severe PWMHs. Conclusion Ipsilateral PCAL is an independent protective factor for ipsilateral DWMHs in patients with severe ICA stenosis.

Objective To study the association between leptomeningeal anastomosis (LMA) collateral circulation and cerebral infarction in patients with middle cerebral artery (MCA) M1-segment stenosis by observing the compensatory characteristics of LMA collateral circulation.Methods One hundred and fourteen MCA M1-segment stenosis patients were divided into cerebral infarction group (n=68) and cerebral infarction-free group (n=46).The hemilateral phenomenon of homolateral anterior cerebral artery (ACA) stenosis and posterior cerebral artery stenosis was assessed and its effect on the incidence of cerebral infarction was studied according to its magnetic resonance angiography.Results The ACA score and MCA stenosis severity were significantly different between cerebral infarction group and cerebral infarction-free group (P＜0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that low ACA score and MCA M1-segment stenosis were two independent risk factors for cerebral infarction (OR =0.390,95％ CI:0.154-0.987;OR =2.421,95％CI:1.324-4.428,P＜0.01).Conclusion The incidence of cerebral infarction is low in MCA M1-segment stenosis patients with good ACA collateral circulation.

OBJECTIVEUsing heteroduplex mobility assay (HMA) to subtype human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) for the purpose of understanding HIV-1 subtype epidemic in Fujian province.

METHODSDNA fragments of HIV-1 env gene were amplified from peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cocultures of HIV-1 infected individuals by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Heteroduplexs were formed through hybridizing PCR products from the samples and reference plasmid. According to the mobility of heteroduplexs in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, HIV-1 subtype from that sample was characterized and further confirmed by nucleotide sequencing analysis.

RESULTSThirteen of 15 (86.67%) samples were successfully subtyped by HMA, except 2 failures. Subtype E and B took up 80% (12/15) and 6.67% (1/15) respectively. Results indicated a high concordance between HMA and nucleotide sequencing analysis and concordance rate was 86.67% (13/15).

CONCLUSIONSSubtype E appeared to be the major epidemic strain of HIV-1 in Fujian. HMA showed the characteristics of fastness, easiness, economic and with high specificity, and can be used in the surviellance for the epidemic strain of HIV-1.

Genotype ; HIV-1 ; classification ; genetics ; Heteroduplex Analysis ; methods ; Polymerase Chain Reaction

Objective:To analyze the characteristics of pulse-step-sine (PSS) test in healthy people of different ages and to discuss its clinical value.Methods:From July 10, 2018 to December 9, 2020, a total of 78 healthy volunteers, including 40 males and 38 females, were enrolled and divided into youth group, middle age group and old age group. The I Portal NOTC rotational-chair system (NKI) was applied for PSS detection to analyze the clinical characteristics of gain, phase, asymmetry, and slope of step and sinusoidal components. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS17.0 software.Results:In the same age group, there were no statistically significant differences in left and right step gain, slope gain and sine gain (All P values were greater than 0.05). Pairwise comparison between different age groups showed that there was no significant difference in the corresponding parameters between the youth group and the middle age group. Compared with young group, the old age group had a significantly lower step gain value in their left side ( P<0.01) but not in the right side ( P>0.05).The left and right slopes of the old age group were significantly lower than those of the young group and the middle group, and the differences were statistically significant (All P values<0.05). Conclusion:The PSS test can detect bilateral and unilateral horizontal semicircular canal function with good tolerance in different age groups, better than the traditional rotational chair examination to determine the well-compensated unilateral vestibular function. PSS test is a new vestibular detection method.

Humans ; Protein Binding ; genetics ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Ubiquitin Thiolesterase ; genetics ; metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Specific Peptidase 7