Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease, it is thus necessary for its patients to participate in its treatment and self-management. The emerging foreign and domestic methods for self-management of diabetes mellitus pa-tients were detected on different Websites and suggestions were proposed for its treatment and self-management in order to improve the quality of life in diabetes mellitus patients.

AIM: To observe the effects of herba houttuyniae injection, a chinese medicine, on myocardial injury induced by endotoxin and to explore the possible mechanism. METHODS: 24 male SD rats,weghting (250?30) g, were randomly divided into three groups: normal control group(NC, n=6), endotoxin group (ET, n=6), herba houttuyniae injection puls endotoxin group (HHI+ET, n=6) and herba houttuyniae injection group (HHI, n=6). Heart was isolated from rats and perfused on Langendorff apparatus with Krebs-Henseleit (KH) buffer (Saturation 95%+5%CO_2) at a constant pressure (8.33 kPa) and temperture(37℃). The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content of efflux from coronary artery were measured at certain time points (0 min, 20 min, 50 min, 80 min). The ventricular function, the concentration of nitric oxide (NO) and the activity of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) in myocardial tissue were also observed. RESULTS: Compared with ET group, the percentage recovery of the product of left ventricular pressure difference and heart rate [(LVSP-LVEDP)?HR], LVDP,+dp/dt_(max) were all increased apparently in HHI treatment group. The activities of SOD, SDH and the concentration of MDA, NO in HHI treatment group were close to that in normal control group. CONCLUSION: Herba houttuyniae injection protects myocardium against injury induced by endotoxin. It may be related to decrease in the level of NO, the strength of antioxidation, the stability of enzyme activities and the improvement of energy metabolism in myocardium.

Background:The pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)is not fully known,social psychological factor is the important factor of IBS,especially the relationship with anxiety and depression. Aims:To investigate psychological stress factor,anxiety and depression in IBS patients among soldiers in northeast area. Methods:A total of 11 400 soldiers in northeast area were enrolled by multistage,stratified,cluster random sampling method asking to fulfill a questionnaire on IBS. Zung self-rating anxiety scale(SAS)and Zung self-rating depression scale(SDS)were assessed,and the relationship with anxiety,depression and stress was analyzed. Results:The incidence of IBS was 15. 9% . Prevalences of anxiety and depression in IBS group were significantly higher than those in non-IBS group(22. 9% vs. 9. 6% ,26. 6% vs. 12. 4% ,P< 0. 05). Score of SAS and SDS in IBS group were significantly higher than those in non-IBS group(50. 86 ± 7. 27 vs. 36. 54 ± 6. 97,53. 47 ± 7. 86 vs. 38. 25 ± 9. 83,P < 0. 05). Positive correlation was found between score of SAS and SDS and stress factors such as feeling lonely,depression,intensive training,working pressure,poor relationship with colleagues,solving emergency event or participating in military exercises in IBS group(P < 0. 05). Conclusions:IBS in soldiers is related with stress and psychological factors.

Objective? To analyze the bias of dimension measurement results of penis and testis by the self-design cylinder boy penis and testicles measurement (hereinafter called cylinder ruler) and it influencing factors. Methods? From June to December 2018, we selected 152 children of Department of Urinary Surgery in Hu'nan Children's Hospital as subjects by case sampling. Children's penis and testicles dimension were measured repeatedly by their patients and nurses with the self-designed cylinder ruler and three kinds of common clinical measurement tools (vernier caliper+tape measure+testis measurer, vernier caliper+straightedge, vernier caliper+round head probe), and the bias were counted based on medical reference value. Results? Measurement bias of length and diameter of penis in a resting state, length of penis in a traction state, length and width of testis in group of cylinder ruler were lower than those in other groups with statistical differences (P＜0.05) which not influenced by boys' ages and measurement time (P＞ 0.05). Bias of length of penis in a traction state, length and width of testis measured by nurses were lower than those by children's patients with statistical differences (P＜ 0.05). Interaction effect analysis showed that there were no statistical differences in dimension of penis and testis measured by different measurers with the cylinder ruler (P＞0.05); however, there were statistical differences in dimension of penis and testis measured with the cylinder ruler by different measurers at different times of a day (P＜0.05). The differences of interaction effects between measurement time and measurers were statistical (P＜0.05). Conclusions? Compared with other measurements, the self-designed cylinder ruler for measurement of penis and testis in boys has higher accuracy. The main influencing factors of bias of dimension of boys' penis and testis are ages of boys and measurement time. Bias of length of penis in a traction state, length and width of testis measured by nurses are lower than those by children's patients. Measurers and measurement time are not suggested as independent factors when analyzing the influencing factors of dimensions measurement bias of penis and testis. Dimensions of penis and testis are measured with the cylinder ruler at different times which have certain changes.

To analyze and evaluate the knowledge of Chinese Guidelines of Diabetes Prevention and Treatment in Shanghai medical staff. 175 medical staff working in endocrinology or community health were enrolled and evaluated by a questionnaire of guidelines about the state of professional, training, and related knowledge. Only 16. 6% medical staffwere trained about the guidelines( 46. 67% from the general hospitals, 14. 75% from secod-level hospital and 7. 14% persons from the community hospitals, P＜0. 01 ). The total correct answer rate of the guidelines was 37. 36%. The correct rate of community hospitals was lower than others( P＜0. 05 ). The rate of doctors' was higher than nurses'( P＜0. 05 ). There were difference between doctors and nurses with the key point of diabetes care knowledge in different level hospitals. The effective method of clinical training in diabetes care should be explored. We still have to work hard to promote the effect of diabetes control and prevention. Effective training about the guidelines should be enhanced. The cooperation between general hospitals and community health institutions in diabetes prevention and treatment should be enhanced.

Fecal incontinence is a very common problem in critically ill and elderly patients and long-term hospitalized bedridden patients, which can easily cause complications such as perianal dermatitis, pressure ulcers and infections, increase patient suffering, and increase medical expenses. Devices that effectively transfer or drain feces are critical to reducing complications after fecal incontinence. This article uses this as a starting point to summarize the main components, current status of use and evaluation indicators of built-in drainage devices at home and abroad, which provides a reference for the development of more scientific and feasible auxiliary tools for fecal incontinence.