The pulmonary capillary vessels and alveoli of rats were injected by methyl methacrylate and investigated by means of a scanning electron microscope. The network of subpleural capillary was sparse and the holes of vascular rings were large. Some vessels turned back to be acute angles and some were observed as blind channels.The ne-twork of alveolar capillary enlarged flatly and fused together as a dense sheetlike network.The alveolar casts were polyhedrons and different in size and shape.There were markes of alveolar type cell in the surface of alveolar casts.The alveolar holes connected with two alveoli were like bridges or three-connectd tubes

Objective To investigate relation between atrial enlargement and pathogenesis of atrial tach yarrhythmia.Methods 786 patients were observed with atrial tachyarrhythmia through 24-hour electrocardiographic monitoring,echocardiographic was used to analysis atrial enlargement.Results The patient with left atrial enlargement in atrial tachyarrhythmia was more than those with right atrial enlargement(73.82%vs 21.25%,P＜0,01).Conclusions Atrial enlargement,especially left atrial enlargement,was the one of most important pathogeny in atrial tachyarrhythmia.The enhancement of pressure and muscle tension in atrial were the major factors of electronicphysiobgy disorganization,and the left atrial was the leading position in patients with electronicphysiology abnormity.

Object To emphasize the necessity and significance of informed consent in the plastic surgery.Further investigating the ethical implication involved in informed consent principles.To standardize the medical treatment action according to the informed consent principles.Methods Through the literature search method,counseling for experts,sampling surveys and other approaches to elucidate the importancy of informed consent in plastic surgery,to survey and analyze the difficulties and ethical dilemma encountered in the process of standardization.Results Plastic surgeons firmly are aware of the principles of informed consent,as a routine preoperative procedure,however there are still some difficulties in practice.Conclusions To respect the patient's right to know,plastic surgery doctors should be standardized to perform the principle of informed consent; meanwhile hospital should develop a series of systems to regulate the principle of informed consent.

Objective To observe the effect and safety of butyl cyanoacrylate used to close type Ⅰ and Ⅱ skin incisions in non-emergency operations of general surgery.Methods We have enrolled 31 cases with written consent.Upon completion of the surgery butyl cyanoacrylate was used to close skin incisions instead of surgical sutures after suturing subcutaneous tissue with 4-0 absorbable thread.Results The length of incisions was 12 - 180 mm (32 ± 32) mm.On the first post-op day,2 cases had redness and 1 had some effusion within the incision subsiding on the second day,there were no fever.Moderate pain was recorded in 3 cases on the first day after operation.The number of cases reporting slight pain on the first day,third day and fifth day were respectively 28,18 and 5.The others had no any pain.The healing time was (6.3 ± 1.1 ) d,there was no delayed healing,no other complications.Conclusions The tissue adhesive method,using butyl cyanoacrylate is of value in closing type Ⅰ and Ⅱskin incisions in general surgery.It has the advantage of reducing scar and inflammation.

To investigate the effects of cycloartocarpin A (ACR-2) and artocarpin (ACR-3), monomeric compounds isolated from Fructus Artocarpi Heterophylli, on apoptosis of SMMC-7721 and SGC-7901 cell lines.

Objective To investigate the effect of lung protective and ventilatory management strategies for brain death donors on eligibility and availability of lungs for transplantation.Method The clinical data of two brain dead patients who accepted lung protective ventilatory management strategies from Feb.2015 to Mar.2015 were retrospectively analyzed.Two cases of brain-dead patients,due to severe cerebral trauma,accepted the aggressive lung protective ventilatory management strategies and airway management for 9 days and 4 days respectively.PaO2/FiO2,chest imaging manifestations,surface of the lung harvested and pulmonary rehabilitation of recipients after operation were observed.Result Two lung recipients were liberated from ventilation and pulmonary function improved significantly after double lung transplantation.Conclusion The application of lung protective ventilatory strategies in potential organ donors with brain death can increase the number of eligible and harvested lungs.

Objective To investigate the etiology and clinical characteristics of chronic pancreatitis (CP) in children,so as to improve its diagnosis and treatment.Methods The etiology,clinical characteristics,radiological records and therapy were retrospectively analyzed in children with CP who were admitted to Beijing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from July 2006 to May 2014.Results A total of 29 medical records of children with CP,including 19 male and 10 female,with a mean age of (8.5 ± 3.7) years,and the youngest case was a 2-year-old child,the oldest case was a 15-year-and-2-month-old child.The main etiological factor was idiopathic pancreatitis (51.7％,15/29 cases),and 9 cases were caused by anatomical anomalies (31.0％,9/29 cases).The main symptoms included abdominal pain (89.7％,26/29 cases),malnutrition (48.3％,14/29 cases),nausea and vomiting (31.0％,9/29 cases),and chest distress and dyspnea (17.2％,5/29 cases).The serum amylase level in 18 cases (62.1％) increased.The positive diagnostic rate of transabdominal ultrasound was 96.6％ (28/29 cases),and dilations of pancreatic ducts or/and intraductal stones were 82.8％ (24/29 cases).The positive rate by magnetic resonance cholangio-pancreatography (MRCP) for morphological changes in pancreas was 88.5％ (23/26 cases),and dilations of the pancreatic ducts were 80.8％ (21/26 cases).A total of 10 endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP) procedures were performed on 6 children,and pancreatic ductal stenosis or dilations were detected in them.All the patients were treated conservatively at first,and then 7 cases of them had surgical therapy (oledochojejunostomy,choledochoduodenostomy,choledochocystectomy,etc.),aud 6 cases had stent insertion by ERCP.Conclusions The main causes of CP in children are idiopathic and anatomical anomaly,and its diagnosis is based on symptoms and imaging changes;surgical or endoscopic therapy can be used if internal therapy is not effective.

Objective To investigate the association of sleep quality with prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in communities of Shanghai.Methods A survey on prevalence of IBS in communities of Jiangqiao County,Jiading District of Shanghai was conducted using a stratified,randomized cluster-sampling method.A total of 11 569 questionnaires was collected.The IBS was diagnosed according to Rome Ⅲ criteria,and Athens Insomnia Scale (ALS) was used for selfassessment.The relationship between sleep quality and IBS was analyzed.Results The prevalence of insomnia was 21.00% in community groups,33.02% in IBS patients and 18.74% in non-IBS patients.The incidence of insomnia was significant higher in IBS group than non-IBS group (P =0.004,OR = 2.14,95 % CI:1.92- 2.39).Among IBS patients,the incidence of insomnia was higher in females than in males (37.24% vs 28.41%,P = 0.000).A logistic analysis for psychological contributing factors in IBS revealed that insomnia might be one of the risk factors for IBS (OR= 2.11,95% CI:1.89-2.36).Conclusion IBS patients have poor sleep quality,especially in females.

Objective To explore the clinical features,efficacy and prognosis of different treatments for children with achalasia of cardia(AC).Methods In this retrospective study,the clinical features,laboratory examination and treatment of 36 children with AC who had been admitted to Department of Gastroenterology,Beijing Children's Hospital,Capital Medical University from August 2006 to September 2015 were reviewed,and the efficacy and prognosis of different treatments were compared.The symptoms of the children were graded using the AC clinical symptom score(Eckardt score),and the Eckardt score ≤ 3 scores was defined as the effective treatment.SPSS 19.0 statistical software was used to analyze the data,and P<0.05 for the difference was statistically significant.Results Thirty-six children with AC included 24 boys and 12 girls.Ages ranged from 1.4 to 15.5 years old,with a mean age of(10.0±3.4)years old.Course of disease ranged from 1 month to 9 years,with a mean course of 0.5(0.2,3.0)years.In the 36 children,33 cases(91.7％)had vomiting,23 cases(63.9％)had dysphagia,16 cases(44.4％)had weight loss,and 9 cases(25.0％)had chest pain.The effective rates of treatment in surgical treatment group and drug treatment group were 100.0％(13/13 cases)and 71.4％(5/7 cases),respectively in 3 months,and there was no significant difference between the 2 groups(P=0.111).The effective rates of treatment were 100.0％(13/13 cases)and 50.0％(3/6 cases),respectively in 6 months,and the difference was statistically significant between the 2 groups(P=0.021).Within 12 months,there was no recurrence in surgical treatment group and the effective rate was 100.0％.Children in drug treatment group had 1 case who stopped taking medicine,while the other children received surgical treatment in other hospitals due to poor drug treatment.Conclusions Drug and surgical treatment of AC both have good short-term effect,however,the medium and long-term efficacy of surgical treatment is higher than that of drug treatment in children.Symptomatic relief is more stable,and symptom is not easy to relapse for the children with surgical treatment.

Objective To analyze the endemic situation of schistosomiasis after its interruption of transmission in Xiuzhou District,Jiaxing City,Zhejiang Province,so as to provide the references for future surveillance work. Methods The data of schistosomiasis and Oncomelania hupensis snails in Xiuzhou District were collected and analyzed statistically. Results From 1994 to 2015,totally 975 village?times were investigated for O. hupensis snails,and the accumulated area of 4 385.31 hm2 was surveyed. Twenty former snail sites were reoccurring,with an area of 32.61 hm2. An area of 57.71 hm2 was supplied with snail eradication measures. Totally 11 941 snails were dissected and no schistosome infected snails were found. The serum and stool tests were performed to 221 794 and 3 731 residents respectively,and no local infection cases but four imported cases were found. Conclusion The endemic situation of schistosomiasis in Xiuzhou District is stable after the transmission was interrupt?ed. However,there are imported schistosomiasis cases,and therefore,the prevention of imported infection source is the focus of surveillance work.