Before and after zinc and micro-nutrients supplement the changes of intelligence and growth in 108 healthy children aged 7～8yrs were studied.The children were randomly divided into 3 groups:zinc supplement(Z),zinc+micronutrients supplement(Z+M),and micronutrients supplement(M),Before the supplements,hair Zn contemt of children was 2 28?0 74?mol/g and 22 22% of the hair Zn content was lower than 1 68?mol/g?There was a positive correlation between intelligence quotient(IQ) and hair Zn content .After supplement,there were no significant changes among the 3 groups on hair Zn content .The changes of IQ and cognition in Z+M group and M group were significantly higher than Z group,and there was no significant difference between Z+M group and M group.The change of knee height in Z+M group was markedly higher than M group and Z group,while M group was sgnificantly higher than Z group.The results demonstrated that zinc deficiency might not be the main factor that affects the intelligence and growth children,perhaps other micronutrients deficiency should be paid more attention.The simultaneous supplement of zinc and micronutrients may promote the intelligence and growth of children.

Objective To analyze the clinical, imaging characteristics and NOTCH3 mutations of cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with the subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) in Henan, China.Methods CADASIL patients diagnosed by gene or biopsy in People′s Hospital of Zhengzhou University between 2012-2016 were recruited.Clinical and imaging features of these patients were analyzed retrospectively.The distribution of NOTCH3 gene mutations hotspots was described in Henan region at the same time.Results There were 37 patients from 19 families who were diagnosed as CADASIL by genetic testing or biopsy, 27 of whom had symptoms of CADASIL.Two families were confirmed by pathological examination and 17 by genetic testing.Of these 17 families, 13 mutations were found.Mutations in exon 11 were found in eight families, in exon 4 were detected in four families, and in exon 13 were found in two families.Mutation in exons 3, 8 and 20 was detected in one family respectively.Most patients presented with stroke and several presented with cognitive decline.Twelve patients had been attacked by risk factors.Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed on 22 patients.White-matter lesions were distributed in brain stem, basal ganglia, subcortical, temporal pole, external capsule.There were 19 patients with white-matter lesions in temporal pole and seven in capsula externa, showed as a high signal in T2WI.Conclusions CADASIL patients can be associated with risk factors.T2WI hyperintensities in the anterior temporal lobe were more common than that in the capsular external.Exon 11 and exon 4 were the hotspots for the NOTCH3 mutation in Henan patients.

Objective:To investigate the level of self-management and daily physical activity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) of Zang and Han nationalities in Tibetan, China, and to compare the difference in daily management between T2DM patients of Zang and Han nationalities, to develop reasonable and effective chronic disease management strategies for long-term out-of-hospital management of T2DM patients of Zang nationalities.Methods:A total of 265 T2DM patients with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥ 7% who were admitted to the Endocrinology Ward of the Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibet Autonomous Region from November 2020 to April 2021 and who were from different regions of Tibet were included in this study according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The general data of all included patients were collected. Glucose and lipid metabolism-related indicators were determined. The Generalized Diabetes Self-Management Efficacy Scale and International Physical Activity Questionnaires (IPAQ) were used to evaluate patients' levels of self-management and daily physical activity.Results:The hemoglobin level in T2DM patients of Zang nationality was (154.09 ± 24.11) g/L, which was significantly higher than that in T2DM patients of Han nationality ( P < 0.05). The total cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, and low-density lipoprotein in T2DM patients of Zang nationality were (4.63 ± 1.41) mmol/L, (7.94 ± 2.19) mmol/L, and (2.75 ± 1.11) mmol/L, respectively, which significantly higher compared with T2DM patients of Han nationality (all P < 0.05). Compared with T2DM patients of Han nationality, T2DM patients of Zang nationality had lower self-management scores (81.40 ± 15.44) points, diet control scores (17.26 ± 4.97) points, physical exercise scores (11.67 ± 4.42) points, prevention and treatment of high and low blood sugar score (12.21 ± 5.72) points. The differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). Moderate-intensity physical activity was a significant difference between T2DM patients of Zang and Han nationalities ( P < 0.05). Conclusion:Compared with T2DM patients of Han nationality, T2DM patients of Zang nationality have lower overall self-management levels, including diet control, physical exercise, prevention and management of high and low blood glucose, and moderate-intensity physical activity. Targeted individualized education should be carried out according to the Tibetan cultural characteristics, to further develop an intervention method and an out-of-hospital management strategy for chronic disease, which are suitable for T2DM patients of Zang nationality.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical role of BRAF V600E mutation testing in fine-needle aspirates (FNA) of thyroid nodules.

METHODSThis study included 83 nodules in 80 patients who underwent FNA from March 2013 to September 2013. Cytological specimens were collected and BRAF exon 15 was examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). DNA sequencing and analysis were performed. Diagnostic performances of cytology and cytology with BRAF V600E mutation analysis were compared according to postoperative pathological diagnosis. The relation of BRAF V600E mutation with clinical factors including sex and age of patients, tumor size, lymph node metastasis, multifocality, and AJCC stage were analyzed.

RESULTSOf 83 nodules, 33 nodules were clinically observed, and 48 nodules underwent surgery, and suggestions of surgery were refused in 2 nodules. Among 48 nodules with surgery, BRAF V600E mutation was found in 25 nodules with histologic confirmation of papillary thyroid carcinoma after thyroidectomy, 13 of the 25 nodules were cytologically diagnosed as carcinoma and 12 were indeterminate. Among the 23 BRAF V600E negative noodles, 5 were cytologically diagnosed as carcinoma, 2 were benign, and 16 were indeterminate; 15 nodules were histologic confirmation of papillary thyroid carcinoma after thyroidectomy, 1 nodule was medullary thyroid carcinoma, and 7 nodules were benign. Biomolecular analysis significantly increased cytology sensitivity for papillary thyroid carcinoma from 43.9% to 73.2% (P < 0.05). Direct DNA sequencing showed that the presence of BRAF V600E mutation was 62.5% in 40 thyroid papillary nodules. There were 16 BRAF-positive nodules (80.0%) among 20 papillary thyroid nodules with extrathyroidal extension, however there were 9 BRAF-negative nodules (45.0%) among 20 papillary thyroid nodules without extrathyroidal extension. Univariate analysis indicated the BRAF V600E mutation was associated with extrathyroidal extension (χ² = 5.227, P = 0.022), but not with sex, age, tumor size, lymph node metastasis, multifocality and AJCC stage.

CONCLUSIONBRAF V600E mutation analysis can significantly improve FNA diagnostic accuracy and maybe useful for prediction of high-risk of thyroid carcinoma.

Adult ; Aged ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Exons ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf ; genetics ; Thyroid Nodule ; genetics ; pathology