This paper introduces the digital stopwatch designed by our lab for teaching and experiment of medical imaging specialty.Its design idea,principle and configuration are discussed in detail.

Objective To compare and analyze the performance indexes and the imaging quality of the home and imported X-ray machines through testing their partial imaging performance parameters. Methods By separate sampling from 10 home and 10 imported X-ray machines, the parameters including tube current, time of exposure, machine total exposure, and repeatability were tested, and the imaging performance was evaluated according to the national standard. Results All the performance indexes met the standard of GB4505-84. The first sampling tests showed the maximum changing coefficient of imaging performance repeatability of the home X-ray machines was ?max1=0.025,while that of the imported X-ray machine was ?max1=0.016. In the second sampling tests, the maximum changing coefficients of the two were ?max2=0.048 and ?max2=0.022, respectively. Conclusion The 2 years′ follow-up tests indicate that there is no significant difference between the above-mentioned parameters of the elaborately adjusted home X-ray machines and imported ones, but the home X-ray machines are no better than the imported X-ray machines in stability and consistency.

Objective To investigate the incidence of osteoarthritis disease, related factor and need of rehabilitation services. Methods 13579 questionnaires were sent randomly to the permanents resident in Xuhui District, and 12419 returned. Results The morbidity of cervical syndrome, lumbar diseases, knee osteoarthritis were 22.74%, 31.45%, and 23.37%, and more in females (P＜0.01). 23.12%, 16.59%, 20.12% patients with cervical syndrome, lumbar diseases, knee osteoarthritis accepted rehabilitation respectively, and 28.08%,36.05%, 34.18% accepted self-exercise. The top 3 complications were hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and gastropathy. Conclusion It is important to improve the rehabilitation intervention and health education to the females and the elders, as well as the community health services and the community general practice team.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of presurgical nasal mode(PNM)combined with nasal diorthosis in the treatment of na-sal deformity and incomplete unilateral cleft lip(IUCL)in infants.Methods:35 infants with IUCL were treated by PNM followed by nasal diorthosis and cheiloplasty.The nasal asymmetry was analysed by measurments of nostrils height,nostrils width and nasal colu-mella angle skewness on the photographs at the initial visit(T0),pre-operation(T1),1 week after operation(T2),1 month after opera-tion(T3)and a year after operation(T4).The other 35 infants with IUCL without PNM treatment were served as the controls.Re-sults:Compared with the controls,the symmetry of nostrils height,nostrils width,nasal columella angle skewness in PNM treated children were significantly improved at T0-T1 and T1-T2(P ＜0.05).there was no significant difference at T2-T3 and T3-T4(P >0. 05).Conclusion:Nasal asymmetry can be improved by presurgical nasal mode treatment followed by preliminary nasal deformity di-orthosis and cheiloplasty.

Objective To explore the relationship between image quality and different exposure intensity of digital radiography(DR).Methods Using a contrast-detail phantom Cdrad 2.0,observers evaluated images on the monitots when exposure parameters were 90 kV and mAs ranged from 0.5 to 16.0 mAs.Then calculate image quality figure(IQF),and ANOVA was used to analyze the difference of IQF under different radiation dose in 8 subjects.Results (1)When exposure parameters were 90 kV and mAs altered from 0.5 to 8.0 mAs.the IQF observed on the monitor was reduced,and the minimal value was 38.54±2.82.When mAs changing from 8.0 to 16.0 mAs.IQF observed on the monitor was increased,and the maximum was 44.33±2.35.(2)Under the different exposure condition,the difference of IQF values were statistically significant(F=60.35,P＜0.01).Conclusions With the increased exposure intensity,the image quality on monitor increased.When mAs was 8.0 mAs,image quality was the optimum When mAs was more than 8.0 mAs,the image quality on monitor reduced.

Objective To explore the diagnostic accuracy of urine liquid-based cytology(LBC)for diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma(UC).Methods A total of 603 cases in our department from January 2005 to July 2007 were subject to urine liquid-based cytology test(LBC)and followed by histological examination.Using the histological appearance as the gold standard,the accuracy of LBC test was evaluated.Results A total of 436 cases with histological diagnoses were selected.There were 274 cases of UC and 61 cases of other malignant tumors of urinary system.The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of urine LBC test for malignant tumors were 61.5%,86.5% and 67.1%,respectively.The positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 94.1% and 39.2%,respectively.The sensitivity of urine LBC test for UC and non-urothelial malignant tumors were 68.6% and 29.5%,respectively.The sensitivity for UC Was significantly higher than that for non-urothelial malignant tumors.The diagnostic sensitivity of urine LBC test for UC G1,G1-2;G2,G2-3 and G3 was 53.3%,74.5% and 90.6%,respectively.The diagnostic sensitivity of urine LBC was increased with the increacment of histological grade of UC.Conclusions The sensitivity of urine LBC test for high grade UC is high and has a good clinical value.However,for the diagnosis of low grade UC,the sensitivity of LBC test is low and adjuvant test is needed to improve it.

Objective To study the relationship between the selection of tube tension in digitalchest radiograph and image quality.Methods When tube current was fixed at 4 mAs, the choice of X-ray tube voltage changed from 60 to 120 kV.CDRAD2.0 contrast details phantom and normal human chest were exposed by X-ray system with 7 kinds of tube voltage (the difference between tube voltage was 10 kV) ,and the X-ray incidental dose of phantom surface was measured.Five radiologists with 3 years working experience evaluated the image quality on monitor and calculated the image quality factor (IQF) and image reading score.Statistics analysis was then performed by using ANOVA test and t test.According to the results, the optimum tube voltage range was determined.Results (1) The incidental dose of phantom surface increased with the higher tube voltage.(2)When the tube voltage was changed from 60 kV to 120 kV, the IQF value observed in CDRAD2.0 phantom image on monitor was 75.0±10.4,57.1±6.4,52.7±2.5,47.9±4.5, 46.0±3.8,46.0±2.8,45.2±3.5 ,there was significant statistical differences between groups(F=19.10, P<0.01).(3)The integrated score of the chest image quality in the tube voltage 90 kV and 120 kV were 12.4±0.9 and 13.0±0.7, respectively, and there was no statistical difference between two groups(t= 1.500,P>0.05).Conclusions (1)With the increase of tube tension,the display capacity of display device gradually strengthened.When the tube tension exceeded 90 kV, the increase of image quality on monitor was not evident.(2) With proper radiation dose, the value of tube tension in digital X-ray chest photograph was about 90 kV.

Objective To study the clinical characteristics of chronic active Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection (CAEBV) in children and to provide a basis for the diagnosis and treatment of CAEBV.Methods Clinical data,laboratory serology,pathological examination,treatment and follow-up results of 10 cases with CAEBV infection who were treated in Xijing Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University from January 2008 to January 2016 were analyzed retrospectively.Results CAEBV major manifestations were continuous or intermittent fever,hepatomegaly,splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy,and others,including general fatigue,cough,hematemesis,diarrhea,skin rash,jaundice,sore throat,muscle joint pain,and so on.And with liver dysfunction,hematologic abnormality,and so on.All patients in anti-EB virus capsid antigen IgG (EBVCA-IgG)antibodies and EBEA-IgG antibodies had positive,while all patients in EBVCA-IgM antibodies had negative.The median load of EBV-DNA detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR) in the peripheral blood was 7.15× 105 copies/ml.Six of 10 cases CAEBV patients presented a poor clinical course,1 case died from intracranial hemorrhage,2 cases from respiratory failure,1 case from gastrointestinal bleeding,1 case from liver failure,1 case from severe multiple pathogens infection,rest 3 cases showed an improvement and 1 cases had a recurrence.Conclusion CAEBV infection has varieties of clinical features,with poor prognosis and high mortality.If the patients had unexplained fever,hepatomegaly,splenomegaly and lymphadenectasis,we should be timely detect virology and histopathological to diagnosis as early as possible.

The Community Health Care Centre of Xujiahui, Shanghai tries to integrate the community-based rehabilitation for orthopedic chronic diseases into the primary health care system within the general practices. This paper would discuss its features, problem, and prospect.

Objective To explore the mechanism of baicalin intervention in gastrointestinal acute graft versus host disease (aGVHD). Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with intestinal aGVHD and healthy volunteers were collected for high-throughput sequencing and differential mRNA enrichment analysis. The intersection of the baicalin target and differential mRNA was analyzed. CB6F1 mice were irradiated with 60Co X-rays. After irradiation,a mononuclear cell suspension (1×107 bone marrow cell+1×107 spleen cell) of BALB/cH-2d mice was injected into CB6F1 mice through the tail vein,and these mice were randomly devided into the model group and the baicalin group. 6 SPF female mice were selected as the normal group. After modeling,the baicalin group was administered 30mg/(kg·d) of baicalin by gavage,and the model and normal groups were gavaged with normal saline of equal volume. Serum cytokines were detected after 14 days,and aGVHD scores and small intestinal mucosa pathdogy scores,immunohistochemical,and immunofluorescence detection were performed. Results A total of 2,131 different mRNAs were identified from patients with intestinal aGVHD and healthy volunteers. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis indicated that these mRNAs enriched the TNF signaling pathway and other pathways. The baicalin target was intersected with the above differential genes,and TNF-α and IL-2 were the primary baicalin targets in the treatment of intestinal aGVHD. The aGVHD scores and small intestinal mucosal pathology scores after baicalin treatment were significantly better than those in the model group,serum TNF-α and IL-2 levels were significantly decreased,and the TNF-α and IL-2 protein expression levels in intestinal immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were also significantly recovered (P<0.05). Conclusion Baicalin can reduce the inflammatory infiltration and destruction of intestinal mucosa by reducing TNF-α and IL-2 production and reducing the incidence of intestinal aGVHD after transplantation.