The levels of selenium in hair were determined by hydride generation atomic absorption spectropho-tometryin this assay. The working conditions of the determination were controlled as follows,wavelength: 196.00 nm,working current of lamp:6 mA,wide of filtered spectrum:4.0 A, flow rate of gaseous argon: 120 ml/min. The averagecontents of selenium in hair samples reached 0. 0498±0. 031 mg/kg. The detection limit and coefficient of variation were0. 5 ng/ml and 5.8％ respectively. The recovery rates were 92.0％～ 104. 0％ with an average of 99. 5％. This methodshowed advantages ,such as simple operation,rapid,low cost and high accuracy. The obtained data were reliable.

AIM:[WTBZtive of this study was to examine the influence of different flow pattern, particularly low shear stress flow regimens, on VCAM-1 and NF-?B in vascular endothelial cells. [WTHZ] METHODS: HUVEC covered sheets were placed within rectangular parallel plate flow chambers. Cells were subjected to 4, 18 h of either laminar or oscillatory shear stress. The expression of VCAM-1 and NF-?B activity were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. VCAM-1 mRNA was also detected using in situ hybridization. RESULTS: VCAM-1 mRNA and VCAM-1 expression were not upregulated by laminar shear stress. However, oscillatory shear stress significantly upregulated VCAM-1 mRNA and VCAM-1 expression. Translocation of NF-?B P65 was remarkably increased. CONCLUSION: In same low shear stress, the different expression of VCAM-1 mRNA and VCAM-1 were induced by HUVEC exposed to laminar or oscillatory flow patterns.

AIM: To observe the effect of MM-LDL (minimally modified LDL) on the interaction between human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) and U937 monocyte-like cell line and the exporession of vascular cell adhesion-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1), P-selectin.METHODS:The adhesive percentage between HUVEC treated with MM-LDL and U937 was determined by counting and the expression of VCAM-1, ICAM-1, P-selectin were examined by ELISA. RESULTS: Treatment of HUVEC with MM-LDL (75 mg/L) for 4 hours significantly increased adhesion of U937 to HUVEC ( P

AIM:To provide evidence for the molecular mechanism of homocysteine (Hcy) as an independent risk factor in atherosclerosis (AS) by investigating the effect of Hcy on phenotype transformation and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs) in rats.METHODS:After treated with different concentrations of Hcy for 24 h,the cultured VSMCs were assayed for cell proliferation rate by MTT method,cell cycle by flow cytometry,the expression of SM22-? mRNA by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and the observation of morphological characteristics and the phenotype transformation by transmission electron microscopy.RESULTS:Hcy increased the cell proliferation rate and gradually reduced the proportion of the cells in G0 /G1 phase.Hcy down-regulated the expression of SM22? mRNA and the most significant effect was observed at concentration of 1 000 ?mol/L.The observations of transmission electron microscopy revealed an abundant endoplasmic reticulum,Golgi's complex,loose nucleus and puffy chromatin in VSMCs treated with high concentration of Hcy.CONCLUSION:Hcy promotes the proliferation and phenotype transformation of VSMCs simultaneously.

In order to adapt to the demand of culturing high quality talents and to strengthen student's comprehensive quality,pathophysiology department of medical college of Qinghai University carried on the reform on the pathophysiological experiment examination system.After researches and practices in recent years,we established a set of relatively sound examination system including experiment operating and experiment report in normal study,report for designable experiment and experiment skill and theory exam.Investigation results demonstrated that examination system after reform functioned well in training the students' operation ability,observation ability and ability to analyze and solve questions.

Objective To examine the suscepribility of the single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)in IL-1 gene in Chinese Han population to ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Methods An correlation analysis was performed in a case-control cohort of 162 AS cases, 58 patients with other autoimmune diseases and 162 controls. Four SNPs located in the IL-1 gene (rs16944, rs3811058, rs419598, rs315952) were examined by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP). Results The frequencies of allele C at position rs16944, rs3811058, rs419598 significantly increased in AS cases VS controls, so did their genotype frequencies (50% vs 36.3%, 57.9% vs 52.8%, 45.7% vs 12.3%, P＜0.05). The SNPs of these sites significantly influenced the prevalence of AS. Conclusion We discover that SNPs of IL-1 gene Rs16944, Rs419598, Rs3811058 is closely related to the occurrence of AS.

AIM:To investigate the effect of doublecortin-like kinase 1(DCLK1)on the biological properties of gastric cancer stem cells,and to explore its possible mechanism.METHODS:Serum-free suspension culture of gastric cancer stem cells and targeted inhibition of DCLK1 activity in gastric cancer stem cells with DCLK1 inhibitor DCLK1-IN-1 were performed.The expression levels of DCLK1,stemness-related proteins(SOX2 and OCT4),proliferation-related pro-teins(cyclin D1 and c-MYC),drug resistance-related proteins(ABCG2 and TOP2A),epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related proteins(E-cadherin,vimentin and Snail),and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway-related proteins in gastric cancer stem cells were examined by Western blot.The effects of DCLK1 on viability and drug resistance of gastric cancer stem cells were determined by CCK-8 assay,and the effects of DCLK1 on self-renewal of gastric cancer stem cells were de-termined by methylcellulose spheroid-forming assay.Wound-healing and Transwell assays were performed to assess the ef-fect of DCLK1 on the migration and invasion of gastric cancer stem cells.RESULTS:The expression levels of DCLK1 and stemness-related proteins SOX2 and OCT4 in gastric cancer stem cells were significantly higher than those in parental cells(P＜0.01).The proliferation,drug resistance,migration and invasion of gastric cancer stem cells in DCLK1 inhibi-tion group were significantly lower than those in Sphere cell group(P＜0.01).The expression levels of proliferation-related proteins(c-MYC and cyclin D1)and drug resistance-related proteins(TOP2A and ABCG2)were down-regulated,the ex-pression of epithelial marker E-cadherin was up-regulated,the expression of mesenchymal markers vimentin and Snail was down-regulated,and the expression levels of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway-related proteins and their phosphoryla-tion levels were reduced in DCLK1 inhibition group(P＜0.05).CONCLUSION:DCLK1 is highly expressed in gastric cancer stem cells,which may be involved in the proliferation,drug resistance and invasion of gastric cancer stem cells by regulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.It suggests that DCLK1 can be used as a potential target for gastric cancer stem cells.

Qinghai University lies in western China. There are some gaps between western and eastern universities at student level, education fund, experiment condition and technique supply for graduate students. To improve educational quality for graduate students, Department of Pathophysiology of Qinghai University focused on teaching methods, evaluation approaches and capacity of teachers and constructed a course named Clinical Pathophysiology for scientific research graduate students. The course adopted a series of measures such as combining lectures with students' self-learning (PBL, paper discussion, lecture for students), introducing experts from other schools to give lectures, establishing formative evaluation, optimizing teacher's group and so on, which have gained some achievements and improved the training quality for graduate students.

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of chrysotile on the activities of some enzymes for xenobiotics metabolism.

METHODSUICC chrysotile (UC) and China Mangya chrysotile (MC) asbestos fibers were used at different doses (0, 25, 50, 100, 200 mg/L) to study its effects on the activities of cytochrome P4501A1 and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in A549 cell line. Also, the effects of chrysotile on the activities of CYP1A1 and GST induced by benzo(a)pyrene were studied.

RESULTSThe activity of EROD increased slowly with the increasing dose of UC, as A549 cells were incubated with UC for 24 h, and EROD activity increased by 40% at a dose of 200 mg/L UC. However, activity of EROD decreased by 32% with 48 h incubation at the same dose, indicating that lower dose of UC and short time could induce the activity of EROD in A549 cells, whereas higher doses and long time could inhibit its activity. MC exhibited a multiphasic effects on the activity of EROD, whether at a dose of 25 mg/L for 24 h or 48 h all gave the strongest induction, 1.86 times or 1.28 times as controls, respectively. However, EROD activity decreased with the increases in MC doses and incubation time, with the lowest as 35% of the controls. The effect of UC on GST activity was not so obvious, with the highest as the increase in its activity by 20%. The highest induction of MC to GST activity was at a dose of 25 mg/L, 2, 5 times as that in controls. With the increases in its doses, effects of MC on GTS activity became inhibition from induction, like that on EROD activity. MC at a dose of 200 mg/L could lower the activity of GST by 18.7%. A549 cells were incubated with chrysotile fiber for 24 h firstly, and then incubated with benzo(a)pyrene to induce the activities of EROD and GST. The results showed that neither UC nor MC could affect the activity of EROD induced by benzo(a)pyrene. However, UC at a dose of 200 mg/L and MC at 100 mg/L could increase the activity of GST induced by benzo(a)pyrene.

CONCLUSIONChrysotile at different doses or its different types showed varied effects on the activities of EROD and GST in A549 cell lines, probably because of different physicochemical characteristics and surface activity of two kinds of asbestos.

Asbestos, Serpentine ; toxicity ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 ; metabolism ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Enzyme Induction ; Glutathione Transferase ; metabolism ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; enzymology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of laparoscopic fundoplication for gastroesophageal reflux disease complicated with Barrett's esophagus.Methods The retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted.The clinicopathological data of 12 patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease complicated with Barrett's esophagus who were admitted to Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital of Capital Medical University between July 2012 to July 2016 were collected.Preoperative tests of patients included distal esophageal manometry and 24-hour pH monitoring,gastroscopy and upper gastroenterography.According to preoperative evaluation of patients,laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication was preferred,and laparoscopic Dor fundoplication was used for patients with discordant esophageal peristalsis function.Observation indicators:(1) surgical and postoperative recovery situations;(2) follow-up:① subjective changes of reflux symptoms;② distal esophageal manometry and 24-hour pH monitoring after operation;③ progression of esophageal mucosal lesions.Patients were followed up using outpatient examination and telephone interview with questionnaire at one month after operation and gastroscopy every 6 months up to June 2018.Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as (x)±s and measurement data with skewed distribution were described as M (range).Results (1) Surgical and postoperative recovery situations:of 12 patients,7 underwent laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication and 5 underwent laparoscopic Dor fundoplication.Seven patients complicated with esophageal hiatal hernia underwent laparoscopic repair of esophageal hiatal hernia,without conversion to open surgery.Operation time,volume of intraoperative blood loss and duration of hospital stay were (98±21) minutes,(27± 13) mL,(2.3± 1.2) days.There were no intraoperative and postoperative severe complications in the 12 patients.(2) Follow-up:12 patients were followed up for 20-42 months with a average time of 32 months.① Subjective changes of reflux symptoms:12 patients completed questionnaires at one month after operation.Scores of heartburn in the 12 patients were 0.Acid regurgitation in the 12 patients was relieved,requiring no acid-inhibitory drugs.Upper abdominal dull pain in 3/4 of the patients and retrosternal pain in 2 patients were relieved.Patients had mild dysphagia or abdominal distention at 2 weeks after operation and recovered to normal diet by dietary instruction within 4 weeks.Score of dysphagia was 2 (range,0-4) and no patient need hospitalization or surgical treatment.Score of surgery satisfaction was 9 (range,7-10) in the patients.② Distal esophageal manometry and 24-hour pH monitoring after operation:lower esophageal sphincter pressure and DeMeester score were (12.8 ± 2.8) mmHg (1 mmHg =0.133 kPa) and 11±3 respectively.③ Progression of esophageal mucosal lesions:2 of 9 patients with short Barrett's esophagus were detected complete regression of esophageal mucosal lesions at postoperative one year,1 was detected partial regression of esophageal mucosal lesions at postoperative one year and 6 were detected no change at postoperative 2 years.One of 3 patients with long Barrett's esophagus was detected partial regression of esophageal mucosal lesions at postoperative one year and 2 complicated with mild poor differentiation were detected no change at postoperative 2 years.Conclusion Laparoscopic fundoplication for gastroesophageal reflux disease complicated with Barrett's esophagus can improve subjective symptom and objective markers of patients and provide satisfactory efficacy.