Objective:To investigate the expression of Bcl-2 in rat brain during dependence and withdral state.Methods:The rats were rendered dependent by subcutaneous injections of increasing doses of morphine from 10 to 80 mg/kg for 5 consecutive days.The rats as controls were administered with same volume of normal saline.The expression of Bcl-2 mRNA was assayed with digacin-labelled Bcl-2 cDNA probe by in situ hybridization and the levels of Bcl-2 protein were measured by immunohistochemistry.Results:The evels of Bcl-2 and their mRNA in prefrontal cortex,locus coeruleus,hippocampus and ventral tegmental area significantly decreased as comparied with that in control rats after chronic administration of morphine and naloxone administration.However,Bcl-2 and their mRNA in nucleus accumbens of rats in withdral state were markedly higher than that in nucleus accumbens of morphine dependent rats.Conclusion:Chronic exposure to morphine appears to induce modification of the expression of Bcl-2 mRNA and their protein of rats in the rat brain,which contributes to the development of morphine dependence.

Objective To learn the self‐perceived burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and to analyze its influential fac‐tors as well as its relevance to the social support .Methods The patients′general information questionnaire ,self‐perceived burden scale ,perceived social support scale were adopted to investigate type 2 diabetes mellitus patients .Results Totally 215 patients were included ,of which 104 were male and 111 were female .The average self‐perceived burden score was (25 .59 ± 10 .58) points ,which was in the low‐medium level;78 cases (36 .3% ) suffered low self‐perceived burden ;89 cases (41 .4% ) suffered medium self‐per‐ceived burden;48 cases (22 .3) claimed they had severe self‐perceived burden .The multi‐factor analysis showed that the family an‐nual income (t= -3 .039 ,P<0 .01) ,type of expenses paid (t=2 .769 ,P<0 .01) and the number of complications (t= -2 .493 , P<0 .05) were the influential factors of self‐perceived burden .There was negative correlation between the self‐perceived burden and the social support (r= -0 .292 ,P<0 .01) .Conclusion In patients with type 2 diabetes ,there is a general self perceived bur‐den ,targeted care therapy ,and full use of social support can reduce patient′s self‐perceived burden ,which is conducive to the physi‐cal and mental health of the patients .

The ancient books on traditional Chinese medicine in Jiangsu Province were recorded and analyzed, fol-lowed by an introduction of their holdings in Jiangsu Province, and suggestions were put forward for their systemiza-tion, such as enforcing the role of special libraries of traditional Chinese medicine, promoting the general survey and report of ancient books on traditional Chinese medicine, and compiling《Jiangsu union catalogue of ancient books on traditional Chinese medicine》.

Objective To investigate the pathogenesis of cerebral watershed infarction (CWI) through analyzing the appearance examined by Color duplex Imaging(CDI) and transcranial doppler (TCD).Methods One hundred and forty-two patients with CWI diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) were enrolled in the study group and 150 patients with acute cerebral infarction were enrolled in the control group.The results of CDI and TCD were retrospectively analyzed of the two groups.The vascular stenosis,plaque detection rate,plaque characteration,plaque scores,the cause of low blood volume,intracranial collateral circulation were compared between the two groups to investigate the pathogenesis of CWI.Results Among the 142 cases in the study group,there were 72 cases of severe stenosis and occlusion,21 cases of moderate stenosis,31 cases of mild stenosis and 18 cases without stenosis and there were 19 cases of severe stenosis and occlusion,41 cases of moderate stenosis,23 cases of mild stenosis and 67 cases without stenosis among the 150 cases in the control group.There were significant differences in the two groups (x2 =66.583,P =0.000).There were significant differences on the plaque detection rate between the two groups (80.99％ (115/142) vs 49.33％ (74/150),x2 =32.010,P =0.000).There were significant differences on the scores of plaque between the study group and the control group ((11.47 ± 3.78) points vs (6.57 ± 3.53) points,t =4.019,P =0.001).There were significant differences on the defined cause of low blood volume between the study group and the control group (54.93％ (78/142) vs 11.33％ (17/150),x2 =63.164,P =0.000).There were 50 patients had collateral circulation in the study group and 38 cases in the control group,there were no significant differences between the two groups (35.31％ (50/142) vs 25.33％ (38/150),x2 =3.381,P =0.066).Conclusion Angiostegnosis,microemboli from the unstable atherosclerosis plaque,lower perfusion on the basis of hypovolemia are all the pathogenesis of CWI.CDI combine with TCD can provide more information in vascular evaluation and treatment.

Histopathological examination of testes is important in assessing spermatogenesis and testicular function. Modified Davidson's fluid (mDF) has been proposed as a superior substitute for Bouin's fluid (BF) for fixation of adult animal testes. Besides, 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA) has been commonly used to fix testes with convenience. We compared the morphology of the rat testis fixed in 4% PFA, mDF, or BF using hematoxylin and eosin (HE)-stained sections. Fixation in 4% PFA resulted in obvious tissue shrinkage artifacts, especially between seminiferous epithelium cells. Shrinkage artifacts were also observed in the central area of the testes fixed in BF. Use of mDF did not cause shrinkage artifacts between seminiferous tubules, though a small amount can be observed in seminiferous tubules between germ cells. Clarity of nuclear detail in testes fixed in mDF and BF is better compared to 4% PFA. Our study demonstrated that fixation in mDF provided better morphologic details in the rat testis as compared with 4% PFA and BF.

Objective To evaluate the MR manifestation to provide guidance for the clinical diagnosis of adenomyosis.Methods The MR images of 43 cases of adenomyosis which were proved by operation and pathology were reviewed.Results Among the 43 cases of adenomyosis,26 cases were of diffuse adenomyosis and 17 of focal adenomyosis.Leiomyoma(21 cases),intra-pelvic cavity chocolate cyst (17 cases)and ovarian cyst(15 cases)were concurrently found in this group of patients.The MRI of diffuse adenomyosis demonstrated an enlarged uterus and widened uterine junction zone with ill-defined margin between junction zone and myometrium.The adenomyosis lesions showed iso-signal intensity on T_1 weighted images and iso-signal or slight low signal intensity on T_2 weighted images with scattered hyper- intense foci.The uterine cavities were irregularly narrowed due to compression of thickening junction zone.The lesions showed mild con- trast enhancement on contrast-enhanced MR images.The MRI of focal adenomyosis displayed localized myometrial masses with ill-defined margin with widening of junction zone.The lesions were round or oval in shape with iso-signal intensity on T_1 weighted images and inho- mogeneous slightly low signal on T_2 weighted images.Multiple scattered hyperintense foci could be found in the mass on the T_2 weighted images.The lesions had mild contrast enhancement on contrast-enhanced MR images.The concurrent leiomyoma,intra-pelvic cavity choc- olate cyst and ovarian cyst were also displayed by MR imaging.Conclusion The widened junction zone is the characteristic change of ade- nomyosis.MRI can demonstrate the types,size and concurrent changes in adenomyosis,and is a useful noninvasive imaging method for the diagnosis of adenomyosis.

Objective To observe the real-time efficacy of balance acupuncture in treating primary hypertension. Method Totally 160 patients with primary hypertension were randomized into a treatment group and a control group, 80 in each group. The treatment group was intervened by balance acupuncture, while the control group was by oral administration of Captopril. The blood pressure and symptom score were observed before and after intervention. Result There were no significant differences in comparing the total effective rate at different time points between the two groups (P>0.05). There was a significant difference in comparing the headache score in male patients at 30 min after treatment between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion Balance acupuncture is an effective method in treating primary hypertension, and can release headache of the patients.

We investigated the clinical and photographic characteristics of uremic lung and review the associated literature,so as to improve the diagnostic and therapeutic abilities of uremic lung.The clinical symptoms and signs together with the photographic characteristics of the patient who was diagnosed as uremic lung complicated with pulmonary infection and congestive heart failure in our division were analysed and the associated literature was reviewed.The patient was admitted for the complaint of cough,expectoration and dyspnea.He was diagnosed as chronic renal failure with pulmonary infection and congestive heart failure.The symptoms alleviated after adequate hemodialysis and antibiotic therapy.However,mild dyspnea remained with photographic examination still showing consolidation in the lungs.The diagnosis of uremic lung was established after the exclusion of pulmonary infections of other pathogens and tumor.After 8-month maintenance hemodialysis,the pulmonary lesions were thoroughly absorbed.Uremic lung is a common complication of end-stage renal failure.The diagnosis is established after the exclusion of cardiac pulmonary edema,pulmonary infections and tumors.Sufficient hemodialysis is the most adequate treatment for uremic lung.Abstract:SUMM ARY W e investigated the clinical and photographic characteristics of urem ic lung and review the associated literature,so as to improve the d iagnostic and therapeutic abilities of urem ic lung.The clinical symptoms and signs togetherwith the photographic characteristics of the patientwho was d iagnosed as ure-m ic lung complicated with pulmonary infection and congestive heart failure in our d ivision were analysed and the associated literature was reviewed.The patientwas adm itted for the complaint of cough,expecto-ration and dyspnea.He was d iagnosed as chronic renal failure with pulmonary infection and congestive heart failure.The symptoms alleviated after adequate hemod ialysis and antibiotic therapy.However,m ild dyspnea remained with photographic exam ination still showing consolidation in the lungs.The d iagnosis of urem ic lung was established after the exclusion of pulmonary infections of other pathogens and tumor.Af-ter 8-month maintenance hemod ialysis,the pulmonary lesionswere thoroughly absorbed.Urem ic lung is a common complication of end-stage renal failure.The d iagnosis is established after the exclusion of card iac pulmonary edema,pulmonary infections and tumors.Sufficient hemod ialysis is the most adequate treat-ment for urem ic lung.

AIM:The aim of this study was to observe and compare the therapy effect of different kinds of embryonic stem cells(ESCs) on pulmonary injury of mice exposed to bleomycin.These embryonic stem cells were C57BL/6J-ESC,S8-ESC and human-ESC.METHODS:(1) Fifty C57BL/6J female mice were divided randomly into five groups,which were blank control group,bleomycin model group,bleomycin model injected with C57BL/6J-ESC group,bleomycin model with S8-ESC group and bleomycin model with human ESC group.Every group has ten mice.(2) The mice of control group were administrated 0.9% sodium chloride solution and the mice in other four groups were administrated bleomycin intratracheally.Three different kinds of ESCs were administrated to the mice in three different ESCs-treated groups respectively one hour after bleomycin exposure.The life-span and hydrocyproline concentration were examined.The pathologic changes of the lung and the engraftment of the ESCs in the injured lung were observed.RESULTS:(1) The death rate in three different ESCs-treated groups declined much more obviously than that in the control group on 8 days after bleomycin exposure(bleomycin model group 50%,C57BL/6J-ESC group 37.5%,S8-ESC group 20%,human-ESC group 20%).(2) The extent of pathologic changes of the lung in S8-ESC group was lighter significantly than that in the bleomycin model group,but in C57BL/6J-ESC group and human-ESC group,their pathologic changes were similar to that in bleomycin model group.(3) The hydrocyproline concentration in S8-ESC group was lower distinctly than that in bleomycin model group(P0.05).(4) The positive signals of three kinds of ESCs could be found in the lung at 1,3,12 and 24 hours after the stem cells were administrated,but signals were the strongest 3 hours after stem cells were given.All of the signals disappeared three days later.CONCLUSION:S8-ESCs transplantation can improve the tolerence of mice to bleomycin and ameliorate acute lung injury.

BACKGROUND: Multiple applications of opium medicines can induce the accommodative changes of morphology and function in some intracerebral nerve positions. These accommodative changes are important neurobiological bases inducing drug-desire and re-addiction after detoxification. However, the actual molecular mechanism is unclear at present.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impacts of the generation of heroin-dependence and detoxification on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in rat to provide a laboratorial gist for the participation of BDNS in heroin-dependence and detoxification.DESIGN: A randomized controlled study by employing experimental animals as subjectsSETTING: Mental health center of a medical university affiliated hospital MATERIALS: The study was conducted in the Laboratory of Pharmacology,Faculty of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University between March 2004and July 2004. Totally 30 inbreeding clean male SD rats with a bodymass between 200 g and 250 g were obtained from the Experimental Animal Center of the Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA. Rats were randomly divided into blank control group(control group), heroin-dependent group (heroin group), and naloxone detoxification group(naloxone group) with 10rats each.METHODS: Morphine was subcutaneously injected into the rat with dose-increasing method to establish heroin-dependence rat model. Rats of naloxone group received subcutaneously injection of 2 mg/kg of naloxone to excite abstinent symptoms. The same dose of normal saline (NS) was injected in rats of control group. Model rats of each group were observed biologically and behaviorally. BDNF expression at different brain zone of rats in three different groups was tested with immunohistochemistry and digoxin-labeled oligonucleoide probe in situ hybridization technique.Comparison of the evaluation of abstinent symptoms in rats of each group.RESULTS: In the heroin group, the relative content of BDNF protein was higher in frontal lobe cortex, locus caeruleus and hippocampus than that of the control group( P ＜ 0.05); BDNFmRNA relative content was higher in frontal lobe cortex than that of the control group( P ＜ 0. 05) . In naloxone group, BDNF and its mRNA relative contents in frontal lobe cortex, locus caeruleus and hippocampus were higher than that of heroin group and control group ( P ＜ 0.05 ).CONCLUSION: Chronic administration of heroin could affect BDNF protein and its mRNA expressions in the corresponding brain areas of the rats, which suggests that the change of BDNF expression participates in heroin-dependence and detoxification.