To study the relationship of the polymorphism of the insulin receptor substrate-1(IRS-1) gene 5′-flanking regulatory sequence and Type 2 diabetes,the IRS-1 gene 5′-flanking regulatory sequence was scanned by PCR-SSCP in 78 healthy control subjects and 76 Type 2 diabetic subjects. Applying PCR-denatured polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining, the insertion/deletion polymorphism of the CAG-rich region was analyzed. The genome DNA of the normal and variant subjects was amplified with high-fidelity pfu DNA polymerase. The purified and digested target fragments were then subcloned into the pCAT Basic vector. Each allele was identified according to the mobility by the restrictive endonuclease digestion of the recombinant combined with denatured polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining, and finally the constructive plasmids containing different alleles were analyzed by DNA sequencing. Firstly, we found several insertion/deletion variations in the CAG-rich region of IRS-1 gene. Secondly,7 genotypes and 6 alleles(T1～T6) in this site were detected.Moreover, T5 and T6 were only observed in Type 2 diabetic group.

Objective To understand the trend of HIV infection in Guangxi region ,and to provide a reference basis for related sections .Methods A retrospective analysis were done to the data of HIV screening from 2007 to 2014 in the HIV screening labora‐tory of Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region people′s hospital .Results The positive rate of HIV antibody was 0 .50% (2007 ,121/24 890 ) ,0 .41% (2008 ,125/30 305 ) ,0 .40% (2009 ,157/40 466 ) ,0 .29% (2010 ,129/44 125 ) ,0 .31% (2011 ,151/48 914 ) ,0 .33%(2012 ,187/56 653) ,0 .30% (2013 ,191/63 581) ,0 .30% (2014 ,206/69 164) ,respectively .The population of HIV antibody positive came from farmers and freelancers who were low education and aged from 20 to 40 .It was given priority to the Zhuang and Han na‐tionality in the region of Guangxi ,Infection was mainly through sexual transmission .Conclusion The trend of HIV infection in Guangxi region has decreased ,but there was higher infection rates in Guangxi .

Making dental impressions and models is a part of daily routine work for dental nurses in the orthodontic department in China. This paper analyzes the common problems encountered in the process of making dental impressions and models, and emphasizes the importance of quality control and supervision during this process. A method of combining real-time monitoring and periodic inspection based on nurse-doctor cooperation was put forward to ensure the quality of dental impressions and models. Firstly, the nurses should be well trained with the instruction of doctors before on duty; Secondly, the head nurse should be responsible for implementing real-time monitoring and periodic inspections to find the problems and take measures in time. Also, the doctors should check the dental impressions and models in time, especially for those models with special demands, and help the nurses to improve their skills constantly.

OBJECTIVE:To establish sodium tetraphenylborate volumetric method in place of gravimetric analysis method for the determination of the content of potassium chloride in compound sodium chloride injection.METHODS:The contents of potassium chloride in compound sodium chloride injection were determined by sodium tetraphenylborate volumetric method and sodium tetraphenylborate gravimetric method respectively,the results of which were compared.RESULTS:The average recovery of volumetric method was99.75%(RSD=0.46%,n=9),there was no significant difference in the t-test comparison between the determination results of volumetric method and that of the gravimetric method.CONCLUSION:The sodium tetraphenylborate volumetric method is simple,fast and accurate,which can take the place of gravimetric method for the deter?mination of contents of potassium chloride in compound sodium chloride injection.

Objective:To explore the effect of holding a spiny massaging ball intervention in intraoperative management of patients′ pain and anxiety during Percutaneous Transforaminal Endoscopic Discectomy under local anesthesia.Methods:90 cases of patients undergoing PTED with local anesthesia in our hospital were recruited and randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group. The experimental group squeezed a spiny massaging ball during the surgery, and the control group only received routine care. The patients′ pain degree, anxiety degree, satisfaction and Heart rate, blood pressure were measured.Results:The scores of intraoperative pain, anxiety in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group( t=7.858 and 2.260, P<0.05). There were no obvious change in satisfaction( P>0.05). The changes of heart rate and blood pressure in the experimental group were small, compared with the control group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The intervention of holding a spiny massaging ball can effectively alleviate patients′ pain and anxiety during PTED under local anesthesia, stable patients′ heart rate, blood pressure changes, improve surgical comfort and safety.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral erythromycin in the prevention and treatment of feeding intolerance in preterm infants. Methods The Cochrane Library,PubMed,EMBASE,CBMdise,VIP,WartFang and CNKl were searched up to the year of 2008.Randomized controlled trials (RCT) of erythmmycin for feeding intolerance in preterm infants were included.According to the dosage (low-dose,3-15 mg/kg and high dose,>15 mg/kg)and gestational age(≤32 weeks vs>32 weeks),all infants were divided into several subgroups.Meta-analysis was performed with the Cochrane Collaboration's software RevMan. Results Nine RCrs involving 542 premature infants were included.(1)In preventive studies,low-dose erythromycin could significantly decrease the duration of total parenteral nutrition compared with the high-dose erythmmycin (WMD=-2.99,95%CI:-3.99--1.98).(2)Intreatment studies,highdose erythromycin could significantly decrease the duration of total parenteral nutrition (WMD=-7.06.95%CI:-7.91--6.20,P<0.01)and hospital stay (WMD=-8.10,95%CI:-14.02--2.18,P=0.007)compared with the placebo when gestational age≤32 weeks. Erythromydn could decrease the incidence of iaundice(RR=0.36,95%CI:0.21-0.63,P=0.0003)which might be the effect of bigh-dose erytromycin. Conclusions Compared with placebo,oral erythromycin of different dosage might help to achieve full enteral feeding,shorten the duration of parenteral nutrition and hospital stay,and reduce the associated cholestasis jaundice of preterm infants with different gestational age respectively.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the nosocomial infection knowledge nurses in graduating class. METHODS 286 nurses of graduating class were investigated by questionnaires. RESULTS The students were lacked of knowledge about nosocomial infection and 61.70% nurses of graduating class had never participated in the training of nosocomial infection knowledge (the average score only 58.67). They were interested in the disinfection and sterilization of infection diseases. And they wanted to get it through clinical infection control group (81.56% students selected this educational methods). CONCLUSIONS It is necessary to strengthen the training and education of nosocomial infection. And adjust the training mode and content according object.

BACKGROUND:Because of convenient source, multi-lineage differentiation and low immunogenicity, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels are the ideal cel type to serve as vectors of transgenic cels in pain management. However, the replicative senescence and smal amount of cels obtained from the bone marrow restrict the application of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels in pain research. OBJECTIVE:To construct human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT)-immortalized rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels as transgenic celular vectors for pain therapy. METHODS:Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels were obtained from whole rat bone marrow, and then transfected with a lentivirus containing the hTERT (pLV-Puro-EF1α-hTERT) folowed by puromycin selection. hTERT expression and telomerase activity in these transfected cels were determined by RT-PCR and TRAP. Morphological changes, capacity of cel growth and multi-lineage differentiation, chromosome karyotype and tumorigenicity were observed in vitro. Moreover, the expression of cel surface molecule, Nestin, MHC-I and MHC-II in transfected cels were also detected by flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels geneticaly modified by hTERT could be cultured and passaged through 30 generations in vitro. Compared to the primary and negative transfected cels, the hTERT-modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels showed higher expression of hTERT mRNA, telomerase activity and cel proliferation. Most of transfected cels stayed at G2/M and S stages. The proliferation index of the transfected cels were increased dramaticaly. The positive rates of CD29, CD44 and CD90 were over 70%, but the positive rates of CD34 and CD45 were less than 5%. Transfected cels were positive for Nestin in the cytoplasm, but negative for MHC-1 and MHC-11. In addition, this cel line continued to exhibit the characteristics of fibroblastic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels, including phenotype, differentiation into osteoblasts, adipocytes and neuron-like cels. No chromosome abnormality and tumor formation were observed in this experiment. Taken together, these data suggests that the rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels immortalized by hTERT gene are constructed successfuly and stil maintain major stem cels characteristics, which provide safe and stable cel vectors as research base for pain therapy.

Objective To evaluate the Chinese version of Benefit Finding Scale (BFS) for breast cancer patients.Methods After consent of the author,according to the flow path of scales,we established the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of BUS,a convenience sample of 293 patients were recruited for evaluation.Results The Chinese version of BFS was comprised of 19 items,Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.911,test-retest reliability was 0.812,I-CVI was 0.833～1.000,S-CVI was 0.955.Meanwhile,exploratory analysis showed that the most interpretable solution consisted of 3 factors,the accumulative variance contribution which explained 55.101％ of variance of the total scale.The related validity showed that the correlative coefficient of Chinese version of BUS and Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) was 0.745.Conclusions It suggests that the 19-item Chinese version of the BFS has good reliability and validity,which could be used as a research tool for measuring breast cancer patients' benefit finding.

Objective To investigate the present situation of nursing professional environments in our hospital and provide theoretical basis for mapping out relevant countermeasures. Method A questionnaire survey was conducted among 338 nurses in our hospital by using the general information questionnaire and practice environment scale (PES). Result The dimensions of PES by their average scores in descending sequence included leadership and ability of nurse administers, doctor-nurse cooperation, foundation for high quality care nurses′participation in hospital affairs, and sufficient manpower and resources. Conclusion In order to provide good and healthy work environment for nurses, nursing administrators should provide enough nursing manpower resoures and apply excitation mechanism in their hospital.