Objective: To investigate the prevalence and associated factors of depressive symptoms among junior and senior high school students in Beijing from 2019 to 2023, in order to provide a scientific basis for interventions targeting high risk groups. Methods: From 2019 to 2023, a stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 88 927 junior and senior high school students from 16 districts in Beijing. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale(CES-D) was conducted to assess depressive symptoms. The Chi square test was used to compare the detection rates of depressive symptoms among different student groups, and the trend Chi square test was employed for trend analysis of detection rates across the years. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was applied to examine the association between the detection of depressive symptoms and related factors among junior and senior high school students. Results: From 2019 to 2023, the prevalence rates of depressive symptoms among junior and senior high school students in Beijing were 20.45%, 18.19%, 16.64%, 17.89% and 18.17%, respectively, with an overall downward trend ( χ 2 trend =27.51, P <0.01). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that after adjusting for gender, monitoring year, educational stage,family structure,boarding status and has taken a medical leave of absence in the past year unhealthy dietary behaviors ( OR=1.80, 95%CI =1.73-1.87), physical inactivity ( OR=1.24, 95%CI =1.19-1.29), try smoking ( OR=1.46, 95%CI =1.35-1.58), try alcohol( OR=1.96, 95%CI =1.88-2.05), Internet addiction ( OR=3.88, 95%CI =3.57-4.22), and adverse ear related behavior ( OR=1.82, 95%CI =1.71-1.93) were all associated with an increased risk of depressive symptoms among junior and senior high school students (all P <0.05). Conclusions The prevalence depression symptoms among middle school students in Beijing showed a fluctuating downward trend from 2019 to 2023. Targeted interventions should be adopted to reduce the occurrence of depression symptoms among junior and senior high school students.

Objective: To understand the trends of classroom lighting and illumination of primary and secondary schools in Beijing from 2016 to 2023, so as to provide a scientific basis for targeted improvement measures. Methods: A sampling survey was conducted on the lighting and illumination indicators of 8 390 classrooms in primary and secondary schools in Beijing from 2016 to 2023. The survey included classroom daylight factor, window to floor area ratio, average illuminance and illuminance uniformity on the desks, average illuminance and illuminance uniformity on blackboards, as well as classroom lighting and blackboard illumination sources. Intergroup comparisons were performed using the Kruskal-Wallis H test and the Chi square test, and Spearman correlation analysis was used to examine the trend of classroom lighting and illumination changes. Results: Except the window to floor area ratio, the measured values and compliance rates of all lighting and illumination indicators showed an overall upward trend from 2016 to 2023 (daylight factor r = 0.27, χ 2 trend =206.80, average illuminance on the desk surface r =0.30, χ 2 trend =87.97, illuminance uniformity on the desk surface r =0.14, χ 2 trend =73.59, average illuminance on the blackboard r =0.33, χ 2 trend =477.43, illuminance uniformity on the blackboard r = 0.09, χ 2 trend =50.76) (all P ＜0.01). The lighting and illumination indicators of classrooms (included classroom daylight factor, average illuminance and illuminance uniformity on the desks, average illuminance and illuminance uniformity on blackboards) in urban schools, primary schools, and secondary schools from 2016 to 2023 showed an upward trend (urban r =0.23-0.40, χ 2 trend =88.66-392.18; primary school r =0.12-0.36, χ 2 trend =39.50-281.44; secondary schools r =0.06-0.31, χ 2 trend =11.79-213.73) (all P ＜ 0.01 ). The illuminance uniformity on the blackboard in suburban schools showed a downward trend ( r = -0.09, χ 2 trend =31.53, both P ＜0.01). The illuminance uniformity on the desk surface in suburban schools showed no significant change ( r =0.03, χ 2 trend =1.23, both P ＞0.05). The other indicators showed an upward trend (daylight factor r =0.28, χ 2 trend =40.69, average illuminance on the desk surface r =0.24, χ 2 trend =16.35, average illuminance on the blackboard r =0.25, χ 2 trend =118.05, all P ＜0.01). The trends of classroom and blackboard illumination sources were that fluorescent lamps decreased year by year and LED lamps increased by year (classroom illumination sources χ 2 trend =1 059.82, blackboard illumination sources χ 2 trend =1 070.25, both P ＜0.01). Conclusions The classroom lighting and illumination in primary and secondary schools in Beijing has shown an overall improving trend from 2016 to 2023. However, problems remain, such as limited improvement of illuminance uniformity indicators, late start and poor effect of reconstruction in suburban schools. Further improvements are still needed.

Objective To assess the current state and influencing factors of multi-site work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) among front-line employees in the assembly workshop of an automobile manufacturing enterprise. Methods A total of 394 front-line workers in the assembly workshop of an automobile manufacturing enterprise in Beijing City were selected as the research subjects using the judgmental sampling method. The Chinese version Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire was used to assess the presence of WMSDs over the past 12 months in nine body regions: neck, shoulders, upper back, lower back, elbows, wrists, hips and thighs, knees, ankles and feet. The multivariable logistic regression was employed to investigate the influencing factors. Results The detection rate of overall WMSDs was 32.7% (129/394), with the top three single-site WMSDs being in the neck, shoulders, and lower back, and their detection rates were 14.0%, 12.7% and 9.6%, respectively. The detection rate of multi-site WMSDs was 17.8% (70/394). The result of multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that workers who turned or bent their upper body while keeping their legs stationary, frequently performed wrist flexion/extension/lateral bending/rotation, or stood for prolonged period of time had significantly higher risks of developing multi-site WMSDs compared with those who did not (all P<0.05). Workers who perceived uncomfortable workplace lighting had higher risk of multi-site WMSDs than those who perceived it as comfortable (P<0.01). Conclusion The development of multi-site WMSDs among workers in the assembly workshop of this automobile manufacturing enterprise is strongly related to poor working postures at work.

Background During urbanization, the passenger load on urban public transport systems continues to increase, exposing bus drivers to a high risk of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). This occupational health issue may also potentially compromise public transport safety. Objective To investigate the prevalence of MSDs among bus drivers in a first-tier city and to explore associated influencing factors. Methods A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted from December 2024 to March 2025 among 1300 bus drivers in a bus company. Data were collected on general demographic information, occupational activities, and MSDs indicators. A total of 1268 valid questionnaires were returned, yielding a response rate of 97.5%. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the distribution characteristics of MSDs. Pearson χ² tests were employed to examine the association between MSDs prevalence and individual/occupational characteristics. Logistic regression was performed to identify the influencing factors of MSDs. Results The survey revealed that the prevalence of MSDs among the bus drivers was 28.5%, with the highest prevalence in the 41–50 years age group (30.5%). The conditions primarily affected the cervical spine (60.5%) and lumbar spine (61.9%), with some cases involving multiple sites. The logistic regression model indicated that the following factors were associated with a higher risk of MSDs: frequent smoking (OR=1.477), poor or moderate self-reported health status (OR=4.422), 11–20 years of service (OR=1.749), daily cumulative driving time ≥361 min (OR=1.616), frequent whole-body fatigue during driving (OR=2.077), occasional whole-body fatigue during driving (OR=1.873), feeling tense during driving (OR=1.518), fatigue after work (OR=2.485), work-related stress (OR=1.882), and prolonged smartphone use with head-down posture (OR=1.671). Conversely, occasional exercise (OR=0.713)/frequent exercise (OR=0.569), driving intervals ≥21 min per round (OR=0.645), and perceiving the driving seat comfortable (OR=0.429) were associated with a lower risk of MSDs. Conclusion Physical exercise, smoking, years of service, daily cumulative driving time, driving intervals per round, prolonged smartphone use with head-down posture, self-reported health status, and psychological factors such as work-related stress are influencing factors for MSDs among bus drivers. Drivers should increase physical exercise and change unhealthy living habits. Employers should optimize working conditions, arrange reasonable driving schedules, and foster a positive work environment to reduce MSDs prevalence.

Background During urbanization, the passenger load on urban public transport systems continues to increase, exposing bus drivers to a high risk of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). This occupational health issue may also potentially compromise public transport safety. Objective To investigate the prevalence of MSDs among bus drivers in a first-tier city and to explore associated influencing factors. Methods A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted from December 2024 to March 2025 among 1300 bus drivers in a bus company. Data were collected on general demographic information, occupational activities, and MSDs indicators. A total of 1268 valid questionnaires were returned, yielding a response rate of 97.5%. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the distribution characteristics of MSDs. Pearson χ² tests were employed to examine the association between MSDs prevalence and individual/occupational characteristics. Logistic regression was performed to identify the influencing factors of MSDs. Results The survey revealed that the prevalence of MSDs among the bus drivers was 28.5%, with the highest prevalence in the 41–50 years age group (30.5%). The conditions primarily affected the cervical spine (60.5%) and lumbar spine (61.9%), with some cases involving multiple sites. The logistic regression model indicated that the following factors were associated with a higher risk of MSDs: frequent smoking (OR=1.477), poor or moderate self-reported health status (OR=4.422), 11–20 years of service (OR=1.749), daily cumulative driving time ≥361 min (OR=1.616), frequent whole-body fatigue during driving (OR=2.077), occasional whole-body fatigue during driving (OR=1.873), feeling tense during driving (OR=1.518), fatigue after work (OR=2.485), work-related stress (OR=1.882), and prolonged smartphone use with head-down posture (OR=1.671). Conversely, occasional exercise (OR=0.713)/frequent exercise (OR=0.569), driving intervals ≥21 min per round (OR=0.645), and perceiving the driving seat comfortable (OR=0.429) were associated with a lower risk of MSDs. Conclusion Physical exercise, smoking, years of service, daily cumulative driving time, driving intervals per round, prolonged smartphone use with head-down posture, self-reported health status, and psychological factors such as work-related stress are influencing factors for MSDs among bus drivers. Drivers should increase physical exercise and change unhealthy living habits. Employers should optimize working conditions, arrange reasonable driving schedules, and foster a positive work environment to reduce MSDs prevalence.

Objective: To study the correlation between electronic screen use and myopia among primary and secondary school students in six provinces and cities in China, in order to provide a scientific basis for comprehensive prevention and control of myopia. Methods: From November 2020 to June 2022, a total of 16 557 primary and secondary school students from six provinces and cities in China (Beijing City, Liaoning Province, Zhejiang Province, Henan Province, Shaanxi Province, Chongqing City) were selected by stratified cluster random sampling and probability smampling methods, and a questionnaire prepared by Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention was used to investigate their electronic screen use. According to Screening Criteria for Myopia in Children and Adolescents, 0.5% mass concentration of compound topicamide eye drops was used to paralyze the ciliary muscle and undergo slit lamp optometry. Chisquare test was used to compare the differences between groups, and binary Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between electronic screen use and myopia. Results: About 58.3% of primary and secondary school students used electronic screens for more than two hours a day on average, and 63.4% of primary and secondary school students used continuously electronic products for more than 15 minutes at a time for nonstudy purposes. After adjusting for confounding factors, parents unrestricted use of electronic screen time and electronic screen time ≥2 h/d were positively correlated with myopia (OR=1.27, 1.13, P<0.05). Gender stratified analysis showed that boys who used electronic screen time ≥2 h/d had a higher risk of myopia (OR=1.15, P<0.05). The results of grade stratification analysis showed that parents unrestricted electronic screen use time and electronic screen time ≥2 h/d were positively correlated with myopia in the lower grade of primary school students (OR=1.34, 1.18, P<0.05). Among the higher grade of primary school students, continuous use of electronic screens for nonstudy purposes for more than 15 minutes at one time was positively correlated with myopia (OR=1.18, P<0.05). There was a multiplicative interaction between total screen time and one continuous screen time (OR=1.04, P<0.05). Conclusions Primary and secondary students in six provinces and cities in China reports excessive electronic screen usage which is associated with myopia. Schools and parents should jointly limit the use of electronic screen among primary and secondary students to reduce the occurrence of myopia.

Objective:To evaluate the quality and item characteristics of the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire (BJSQ) among employees in manufacturing and service industries.Methods:From December 2021 to December 2022, a total of 2077 employees from 4 manufacturing and service enterprises in Beijing were selected by the method of combining purpose sampling and convenience sampling. The Chinese version of BJSQ was used to carry out a survey on occupational stress from 57 items in 4 dimensions including job stress factors, stress response, social support factors and satisfaction. Classical test theory (CTT) was used to analyze the validity and reliability of the questionnaire. The Semejima hierarchical response model in item response theory (IRT) was used to analyze the differentiation a, difficulty coefficient b and information content of each item.Results:Among the 2077 subjects, the age M ( Q1, Q3) was 33 (28, 37) years old, and the working age M ( Q1, Q3) was 4 (2, 8) years. There were 723 (34.8%) people in manufacturing industry and 1354 (65.2%) people in service industry. Eleven common factors were extracted by exploratory factor analysis, with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 62.823%, the variance of the common factors of each entry ranging from 0.451 to 0.865, and the range of factor loading values from 0.413 to 0.825, with 5 items having cross-loadings. The results of the validation factor analysis showed that the model fit indexes of root means square error of approximation was 0.055, comparative fit index was 0.950, Tucker Lewis index was 0.948, and standardized root mean square was 0.066. Content validity results showed that the total scores of the Chinese version of the BJSQ were positively correlated with the scores of the 4 dimensions ( rs=0.487-0.936, P<0.05) . The results of the reliability analysis showed that the Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the total questionnaire was 0.945, and the Cronbach's alpha coefficients of job stress factors, stress response and social support factors were 0.775, 0.957, and 0.830, respectively. The Spearman-Brown coefficient for the total questionnaire was 0.866, and for the 3 dimensions, it was 0.572, 0.882 and 0.772. The results of IRT analysis showed that only 1 of the 57 items had a differentiation a-value<0.30, the difficulty coefficient b-value of each item ranged from -12.02 to 11.09, of which 8 items had a difficulty coefficient that was too high, 3 items had a difficulty coefficient that was too low, and 3 items did not meet the requirements, and the average amount of information in each item ranged from 0.022 to 2.566, and there were 47 items with average amount of information>0.088 (5/57) . Conclusion:The Chinese version of BJSQ has good reliability and validity in the typical occupational groups of manufacturing and service industries in China, and most of the items have good performance, but some items still need to be further improved and optimized or deleted.

Objective:To analyze the current situation and influencing factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) among scientific researchers in a computer workstation of a high-tech aerospace enterprise, and to provide data support for the improvement of occupational health management policies in this type of enterprise.Methods:From March to April 2023, using convenient sampling method, 1398 scientific researchers using computer workstations in an aerospace high-tech enterprise in Beijing were selected as the research subjects. The incidence of WMSDs in various parts of the body was investigated by using the Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire, and the influencing factors of WMSDs in neck, lower back, shoulder and upper back were analyzed by logistic regression.Results:The total incidence of WMSDs was 55.4% (774/1398) in the scientific researchers who used computer workstations. The top 4 body parts in WMSDs incidence were neck (24.3%, 340/1398), lower back (20.4%, 285/1398), shoulder (18.7%, 262/1398), upper back (12.7%, 177/1398). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that feeling slightly tired and tired after work, setting a rest/break time of 10 to 15 min before the next continuous job, and operating computer for 2 to 4 hours and >4 hours were the influencing factors for the occurrence of neck WMSDs ( OR=3.08, 1.90, 0.60, 2.00, 1.49, P<0.05). Female, 5-<10 years of working experience, feeling slightly tired, tired and very tired after work, operating computer for 6-<8 hours and 8-10 hours a day were all the influencing factors for the occurrence of WMSDs in the lower back ( OR=1.82, 0.64, 2.95, 1.80, 1.61, 1.82, 1.73, P<0.05). Female, feeling slightly tired and tired after work were the influencing factors of shoulder WMSDs occurrence ( OR=2.42, 2.09, 2.00, P<0.05). Female, 5-<10 years, 10-15 years of working age, 1-3 times of physical exercise/quarter, feeling slightly tired, tired and very tired after work were the influencing factors for the occurrence of upper back WMSDs ( OR=2.76, 2.19, 2.78, 0.48, 4.20, 2.66, 2.19, P<0.05) . Conclusion:The incidence of WMSDs among scientific researchers in computer workstations of aerospace high-tech enterprises is high, which is closely related to individual characteristics and workstation usage characteristics. Measures should be taken to prevent and improve the WMSDs status of scientific researchers.

Objective:To investigate the incidence of postoperative complications in Chinese patients with gastric or colorectal cancer, and to evaluate the risk factors for postoperative complications.Methods:This was a national, multicenter, prospective, registry-based, cohort study of data obtained from the database of the Prevalence of Abdominal Complications After Gastro- enterological Surgery (PACAGE) study sponsored by the China Gastrointestinal Cancer Surgical Union. The PACAGE database prospectively collected general demographic characteristics, protocols for perioperative treatment, and variables associated with postoperative complications in patients treated for gastric or colorectal cancer in 20 medical centers from December 2018 to December 2020. The patients were grouped according to the presence or absence of postoperative complications. Postoperative complications were categorized and graded in accordance with the expert consensus on postoperative complications in gastrointestinal oncology surgery and Clavien-Dindo grading criteria. The incidence of postoperative complications of different grades are presented as bar charts. Independent risk factors for occurrence of postoperative complications were identified by multifactorial unconditional logistic regression.Results:The study cohort comprised 3926 patients with gastric or colorectal cancer, 657 (16.7%) of whom had a total of 876 postoperative complications. Serious complications (Grade III and above) occurred in 4.0% of patients (156/3926). The rate of Grade V complications was 0.2% (7/3926). The cohort included 2271 patients with gastric cancer with a postoperative complication rate of 18.1% (412/2271) and serious complication rate of 4.7% (106/2271); and 1655 with colorectal cancer, with a postoperative complication rate of 14.8% (245/1655) and serious complication rate of 3.0% (50/1655). The incidences of anastomotic leakage in patients with gastric and colorectal cancer were 3.3% (74/2271) and 3.4% (56/1655), respectively. Abdominal infection was the most frequently occurring complication, accounting for 28.7% (164/572) and 39.5% (120/304) of postoperative complications in patients with gastric and colorectal cancer, respectively. The most frequently occurring grade of postoperative complication was Grade II, accounting for 65.4% (374/572) and 56.6% (172/304) of complications in patients with gastric and colorectal cancers, respectively. Multifactorial analysis identified (1) the following independent risk factors for postoperative complications in patients in the gastric cancer group: preoperative comorbidities (OR=2.54, 95%CI: 1.51-4.28, P<0.001), neoadjuvant therapy (OR=1.42, 95%CI:1.06-1.89, P=0.020), high American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) scores (ASA score 2 points:OR=1.60, 95% CI: 1.23-2.07, P<0.001, ASA score ≥3 points:OR=0.43, 95% CI: 0.25-0.73, P=0.002), operative time >180 minutes (OR=1.81, 95% CI: 1.42-2.31, P<0.001), intraoperative bleeding >50 mL (OR=1.29,95%CI: 1.01-1.63, P=0.038), and distal gastrectomy compared with total gastrectomy (OR=0.65,95%CI: 0.51-0.83, P<0.001); and (2) the following independent risk factors for postoperative complications in patients in the colorectal cancer group: female (OR=0.60, 95%CI: 0.44-0.80, P<0.001), preoperative comorbidities (OR=2.73, 95%CI: 1.25-5.99, P=0.030), neoadjuvant therapy (OR=1.83, 95%CI:1.23-2.72, P=0.008), laparoscopic surgery (OR=0.47, 95%CI: 0.30-0.72, P=0.022), and abdominoperineal resection compared with low anterior resection (OR=2.74, 95%CI: 1.71-4.41, P<0.001). Conclusion:Postoperative complications associated with various types of infection were the most frequent complications in patients with gastric or colorectal cancer. Although the risk factors for postoperative complications differed between patients with gastric cancer and those with colorectal cancer, the presence of preoperative comorbidities, administration of neoadjuvant therapy, and extent of surgical resection, were the commonest factors associated with postoperative complications in patients of both categories.

Objective:To investigate the effect of the ratio of the maximum diameter of aneurysm sac to age (R) on the long-term efficacy of endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) and open surgical repair (OSR) in patients with infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm (IAAA).Methods:This is a retrospective cohort study.The clinical data of 317 patients with IAAA who underwent surgical repair in the Department of Vascular Surgery,the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University from January 2016 to October 2022 were retrospectively collected.There were 266 males and 51 females,aged (69.7±8.3) years (range:37 to 87 years).The R value of the patient was calculated and the receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve was used to establish a model to calculate the optimal cut-off value.The propensity score matching method was used to match the baseline data of patients in the EVAR and OSR group by 3∶1 (the caliper value was 0.05),and the patients were stratified according to the cutoff value of R, and the postoperative efficacy and survival of the patients were analyzed.The primary endpoint was the total mortality rate,and the secondary endpoints included the occurrence of postoperative complications and reintervention.Pearson χ2 or Fisher ′s exact test was used for categorical variables, and independent sample t test or Wilcoxon rank sum test was used for continuous variables to compare differences between groups.The survival curves of the two groups were described by Kaplan-Meier method. Results:After propensity score matching,198 cases were in the EVAR group and 66 cases were in the OSR group.The ROC model showed that the best cut-off value of R value was 0.90,and the two groups were divided into two layers:R<0.90 and R≥0.90.Among them,112 patients with R<0.90 (84 cases of EVAR,28 cases of OSR);there were 152 patients with R≥0.90 (114 cases of EVAR and 38 cases of OSR).The follow-up time was (23.6±1.6) months (range:1 to 70 months).In the R≥0.90 stratification,the total mortality (26.3% vs.5.3%, χ2=7.600， P=0.006),complication rate (44.7% vs.26.3%, χ2=4.025， P=0.045), and secondary intervention rate (31.6% vs.13.2%, χ2=4.910， P=0.027) in the EVAR group were higher than those in the OSR group.In the R<0.90 stratification,there was no significant difference in the total mortality rate (13.1% vs.10.7%, χ2=0.109， P=0.741), complication rate (28.6% vs.35.7%, χ2=0.507， P=0.477) and secondary intervention rate (14.3% vs.21.4%, χ2=0.353， P=0.552) between the two groups. Conclusions:When R≥0.90 in IAAA patients,OSR maybe more beneficial to patients in terms of survival rate,postoperative complication rate and secondary intervention rate than EVAR.When R<0.90,there are no significant differences in survival rate,complication rate and secondary intervention rate between the two surgical methods.