Tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) is a macrophage infiltrating around tumor cells, which can be divided into two categories including classical activated macrophages (M1) and alternately activated macrophages (M2). On the whole, it shows the phenotype of M2 macrophages that promote immune escape of tumor cells. With the in-depth study of the immune function of the body, the studies have indicated that TAM is highly malleable and can be transformed into each other with the change of tumor microenvironment. TAM plays a very important role in tumor occurrence, development, invasion and metastasis, and its classification and quantity may also be used as an index to judge the prognosis of tumors. Therefore, TAM is a feasible potential target for the treatment of cancer. This paper reviews the role of TAM in tumorigenesis and development.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical features of non-ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction(NSTEMI)patients with renal dysfunction and investigate correlation factor for in-hospital death and 6 months adverse events of NSTEMI patients.Methods:One hundred and sixteen patients presenting with NSTEMI were enrolled between January 2006 and September 2007.Estimation of glomerular filtrate rate(eGFR)was conducted by the modified abbreviated MDRD equations based on the Chinese CKD patients.Renal dysfunction was defined as eGFR

Objective To evaluate the correlating clinical factors of coronary artery calcification score(CACS).Methods 141 patients suspected of coronary artery disease were included.They underwent multi-slice row computed tomography,pulse wave velocity ( PWV ),UCG and blood biochemistry within a period of 3 months.The subjects were divided into three groups according to CAC score:A(CACS =0-10),B ( CACS = 11-400),C ( CACS > 400).Results CACS was significantly associated with age,history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus.It was also associated with the presence of mitral annular calcification and aortic valve calcification,low ankel brachial pressure index(ABI) and high mean artery pressure(MAP) as well as high values of brachial ankel PWV (baPWV) and Upstroke time (UT).Muhifactorial logistic regression analysis showed that the presence of aortic valve calcification and mitral annular calcification,the history of diabetes mellitus and high value of UT were independently correlated with severe coronary artery calcification.Conclusions Aortic valve calcification,mitral annular calcification,history of diabetes mellitus,high value of UT were independently correlated with severe coronary artery calcification.Measurement of PWV and UCG should be performed before muhi-slicerow computed tomography,because the assessment of coronary artery lumen narrowing with multi-slice row computed tomography can not be carried out accurately in the presence of severe coronary artery calcification.

ObjectiveTo analyze hospitalized death related factors in elderly patients with nonST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). MethodsThree hundred and two patients (≥65 years old) with NSTEMI were included. Thirty-two patients of them died in hospital (death group). Their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed and correlated factors for in-hospital death were evaluated. ResultsCompared with survival group, patients in death group were more likely to have 3 or more chronic diseases,heart function killip grades Ⅲ- Ⅳ, heart rate＞ 100/min and peripheral blood WBC count＞10X 10＜'9＞/L on admission (all P＜:0.05). There was no significant difference in fasting plasma glucose level and serum creatinine on admission between the two groups (both P:＞0.05). But after glomerular filtration rate(eGFR) were estimated by the modified abbreviated MDRD equations based on the Chinese CKD patients, patients in death group were more likely to be with renal dysfunction and pulmonary infection (both P＜0.01 ). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that heart function killip grades Ⅲ-Ⅳ, renal dysfunction evaluated by eGFR, pulmonary infection on admission were the independent predictors for in-hospital death in elderly patients with NSTEMI. ConclusionsCoexistence of 3 or more chronic diseases is a related factor of death and heart function killip grades Ⅲ-Ⅳ, renal dysfunction evaluated by eGFR and pulmonary infection are the independent predictors for in-hospital death in elderly patients with NSTEMI.

Objective:To study the regulatory effect of Wumen-Yiji powder on 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) signal transduction system in intestine and hypothalamus of diarrhea irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) model rats. Methods:Sixty male SD rats were randomly divided into blank group (10 rats) and diarrhea irritable bowel syndrome group (50 rats). The diarrhea irritable bowel syndrome group formed the diarrhea irritable bowel syndrome model after 2 weeks of senna leaf gavage and restraint stress. They were randomly divided into model group, deshute group (1.5 mg/kg), low, medium and high dose group of Wumen-Yiji San (6, 12, 24 g/kg), with 10 rats in each group. After continuous administration for 2 weeks, the contents of 5-HT in serum, colon and hypothalamus were detected by ELISA; HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of colon in each group. The protein and mRNA levels of tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH-1), serotonin receptor 3 (5-HT3R), serotonin receptor 4 (5-HT4R), serotonin transporter (SERT) in colon and hypothalamus were detected by Western blot and RT-PCR, respectively. Results:Compared with the model group, the pathological morphology of colon in each treatment group was improved. Compared with the model group, the level of 5-HT in serum and colon significantly decreased ( P<0.05), and the level of 5-HT in hypothalamus of rats in the low, medium, high dose group of Wumen-Yiji San significantly increased ( P<0.05). The expression of TPH-1, 5-HT3R and 5-HT4R protein significantly decreased ( P<0.05), and the expression of SERT protein in the medium, high dose group of Wumen-Yiji San significantly increased ( P<0.05). The expression of TPH-1, 5-HT3R and 5-HT4R protein in hypothalamus increased ( P<0.05), and the expression of SERT protein in the high dose group of Wumen-Yiji San significantly decreased ( P<0.05). The mRNA levels of TPH-1 (4.778 ± 0.604, 3.278 ± 0.668, 1.670 ± 0.361 vs. 6.877 ± 0.148), 5-HT3R (3.807 ± 0.463, 2.697 ± 0.455, 1.132 ± 0.136 vs. 6.322 ± 0.778), 5-HT4R (4.521 ± 0.234, 2.801 ± 0.351, 1.331 ± 0.142 vs. 6.741 ± 0.293) in colon tissue of low, medium and high dose groups of Wumen-Yiji San decreased ( P<0.05). The level of 5-HT4R mRNA (0.616 ± 0.208, 0.726 ± 0.226 vs. 0.521 ± 0.062) increased ( P<0.05), and the level of SERT mRNA (1.563 ± 1.023 vs. 2.612 ± 1.035) in medium, high dose group of Wumen-Yiji San decreased ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The result showed that Wumen-Yiji San could regulate the expression of 5-HT signaling system relating proteins and mRNA in the colon and hypothalamus of IBS-D rats within a certain dose range, so as to improve the symptoms of IBS-D.