Objective To study the effect of testosterone on skeletal muscle atrophy of rats induced by dexamethasone,and to explore the relationship between androgen and ubiquitin ligase expression in skeletal muscle.Methods Forty female SD rats were randomly divided into four group:control group(CON),dexamethasone group(DEX),testosterone group(TES)and testosterone plus dexamethasone group(TES+DEX).Blood samples were collected from the abdominal aorta and then centrifuged.The supernatant was collected and stored at-20℃.Gastrocnemius was removed and stored at-80℃.The cross-sectional area(CSA)of muscle fiber was determined by microscopic images of digitized muscle sections,using a computer-based imaging processing system.The expression of muscle atrophy F-box(MAFbx)and muscle RING finger-1(MuRF1)mRNA in skeletal muscle was determined by real-time PCR.The expression of testosterone protein in serum was determined by immunoradiometry.Results Dexamethasone increased the expression of MAFbx and MuRF1 mRNA in skeletal muscle(P

Objective To study the therapeatic effect of testosterone on skeletal muscle atrophy induced by dexamethasone in rat, and to explore the relationship between androgen and insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) expression in skeletal muscle and serum. Methods Forty female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: control group (CON) in which the rats were injected with saline and sesame oil for 10 days; dexamethasone group (DEX) in which the rats were injected with dexamethasone and sesame oil for 10 days; testosterone group (TES) in which the rats were injected with saline and testosterone for 13 days; and the testosterone+dexamethasone group (TES+DEX) in which the rats were injected with dexamethasone and testosterone. The animals were weighed daily. 24 hours following the final injection, animals were weighed and sacrificed. Blood samples were withdrawn from the abdominal aorta and centrifuged at 3 000r/min for 10min. The supernatant was collected and stored at -20?C. Gastrocnemius muscle was removed, weighed and stored at -80?C. IGF-1 mRNA expression in skeletal muscle was determined by real-time PCR. IGF-1 protein expression in serum was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Testosterone attenuated the body weight loss and gastrocnemius muscle weight loss in rats as a result of dexamethasone adminishation (P

Free clodronate has a very poor ability to permeate cell membrane and an extremely short half-life in circulation. However, it can be encapsulated with liposomes, and then can be phagocytosed by monocytes/macrophages. Clodronate is released in the cells and be metabolized to a toxic ATP analog. By this way, monocytes/macrophages can be effectively depleted. The study showed that the prepared liposomes had a negative charge (-40mV) on the surface and a high encapsulation efficiency of clodronate (17.6%～19.0%) with an average size of 200nm. The spherical shape of liposome was confirmed both by transmission electron microscope and laser scanning confocal microscope. Neither free clodronate nor liposome clodronate inhibited vascular endothelial cell and smooth muscle cell proliferation. Clodronate, once encapsulated in liposomes, significantly reduced macrophage proliferation in a dose dependent manner, while free clodronate or empty liposomes had no effect on macrophages. With laser scanning confocal microscope observation, rhodamine labeled liposomes were found to penetrate and accumulate inside monocytes and macrophages, but not into the smooth muscle cells. Furthermore, rhodamine labeled liposomes without encapsulating clodronate was found to accumulate inside macrophages, but causing no damage to cells. The macrophages which engulfed rhodamine labeled clodronate liposomes would manifest a morphological structure resembling apoptotic state. The results suggest that monocytes/macrophages can be depleted via phagocytosis of liposome encapsulated clodronate without affecting non-phagocytotic cells.

Objective To investigate the potential role of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-?B) in the development of acute liver injury induced by postburn sepsis in rats. Methods Sixty-three Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control group, burn sepsis group, burn sepsis with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) treatment group, and simple PDTC treatment group. Rats in experimental groups were subjected to 30% full-thickness scald injury combined with intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mimic early sepsis after burns. The following parameters were measured with the method indicated in parentheses: NF-?B activity (electrophoretic mobility shift assay, EMSA), I?B-? expression (Western blotting), TNF-? (enzyme-linked immunoadsordent assay, ELISA). Results NF-?B activity was markedly enhanced and reached its peak at 1 hour after LPS challenge (P

Objevtive To study the effect of ubiquitin proteasome pathway inhibition on NF ?B activity and I?B?expression as well as TNF ? secretion in the liver in burned rats with sepsis. Methods Rats were subjected to 30% full thickness scald injury, followed by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), was used for this experiment to mimic early sepsis after burn. Sixty Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control group, burn sepsis group, burn sepsis with proteasome inhibitor N Acetyl leucinyl leucinyl norleucinal (ALLN) treatment group, and burn sepsis with NF ?B inhibitor Pyrrolidine Dithiocarbamate (PDTC) treatment group with 6 rats in each group. The following parameters were measured with the method indicated in parentheses: NF ?B activity (electrophoretic mobility shift assay, EMSA), I?B ? expression (Western blotting), and TNF ? (Enzyme linked immunoadsordent assay, ELISA). Results These showed that NF ?B activity was markedly activated and reached its peak 1h after challenge ( P

Objective To investigate the influence of gender differences on NF-kB activation in livers in septic rats. Methods Total 20 female and 20 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups.Tissue samples of the livers were collected to measure NF-kB activation by EMSA.The level of plasma ALT,TNF-?and estrogen were measured also. Results NF-kB activation in normal male and female rats has no significant difference (P＞0.05).After stimulated by LPS,the level of NF-kB activation and ALT,TNF-?in plasma were markedly upregulated,and the index of female group lower than that in male group (P＜0.01).The level of NF-kB activation in livers and ALT,TNF-?in plasma both in male and female have significantly negative correlation with the level of estrogen in plasma (P＜0.05 ).Conclusion There are significantly gender differences on NF-kB activation in livers in septic rats.Estrogen may decrease the injury of livers in septic rats.

0.05). Yet, the activity of NF-?B (female: 12.10?2.89; male: 19.53? 2.12) and the level of TNF-? female: (4.10?0.72) ng/ml; male: (6.37?1.29) ng/ml were significantly increased after injection of lipopolysaccharide (P

The therapeutic effects of intensive insulin therapy in treatment of traumatic shock combined with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) were investigated. A total of 114 patients with traumatic shock combined with MODS were randomly divided into two groups: control group (n=56) treated with conventional therapy, and intensive insulin therapy group (n=58) treated with conventional therapy plus continuous insulin pumping to control the blood glucose level at range of 4.4-6.1 mmol/L. White blood cells (WBC) counts, prothrombin time (PT), serum creatinine (SCr), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), serum albumin and PaO(2) were measured before and at the day 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14 after treatment. The incidence of gastrointestinal dysfunction, the incidence of MODS, hospital stay and the mortality were also observed and compared. After intensive insulin therapy, the WBC counts, SCr, ALT and PT were significantly reduced (P<0.05), but the level of serum albumin was significantly increased (P<0.05) at the day 3, 5, 7 and 14. In the meantime, the PaO2 was significantly elevated at the day 3, 5 and 7 (P<0.01) after intensive insulin therapy. The incidence of gastrointestinal dysfunction, the incidence of MODS, the length of hospital stay and the mortality were markedly decreased (P<0.01). The results suggest early treatment with intensive insulin therapy is effective for traumatic shock combined with MODS and can decrease the length of hospital stay and the mortality.

The therapeutic effects of intensive insulin therapy in treatment of traumatic shock combined with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) were investigated.A total of 114 patients with traumatic shock combined with MODS were randomly divided into two groups:control group (n=56) treated with conventional therapy,and intensive insulin therapy group (n=58) treated with conventional therapy plus continuous insulin pumping to control the blood glucose level at range of 4.4-6.1 mmol/L.White blood cells (WBC) counts,prothrombin time (PT),serum creatinine (SCr),alanine aminotransferase (ALT),serum albumin and PaO2 were measured before and at the day 1,3,5,7 and 14 after treatment.The incidence of gastrointestinal dysfunction,the incidence of MODS,hospital stay and the mortality were also observed and compared.After intensive insulin therapy,the WBC counts,SCr,ALT and PT were significantly reduced (P＜0.05),but the level of serum albumin was significantly increased (P＜0.05) at the day 3,5,7 and 14.In the meantime,the PaO2 was significantly elevated at the day 3,5 and 7 (P＜0.01) after intensive insulin therapy.The incidence of gastrointestinal dysfunction,the incidence of MODS,the length of hospital stay and the mortality were markedly decreased (P＜0.01).The results suggest early treatment with intensive insulin therapy is effective for traumatic shock combined with MODS and can decrease the length of hospital stay and the mortality.

Objective: To explore the surgical methods for children with contracture deformity on hands after burn. Methods: From January 2014 to January 2018, 33 pediatric patients, a total of 42 hands with scar contracture deformities were reviewed. There were 24 males and 9 females, aged from 11 months to 6 years and 7 months. Among them, 20 hands were volar metacarpophalangeal joint contractures, 9 were volar interphalangeal joint contractures, 7 were dorsal metacarpophalangeal joint contractures (3 claw-shaped hands), 3 were hand back contractures, and 3 were palm contractures. Of the 42 hands, 36 hands were repaired with full-thickness skin grafts or split-thickness skin grafts, after the removal of contracted scar, and 6 hands were repaired with abdominal skin flaps, due to the tendon or bone exposure after the scar removal. Results: Skin grafts on 31 hands were all survived after 2 weeks. However, the survival area of 3 skin grafts was about 90%, and 2 skin grafts survived about 80%. All of them healed well after dressing changing. The 6 hands repaired with abdominal skin flap healed well too. After 1-2.5 years of follow-up, finger scar contracture occurred in 4 hands with skin grafting, and they were performed scar excision and sheet skin grafting. Three hands were treated with Z-plasty, due to web space contracture. The function of other hands were normal, without contracture or deformity. The skin color and texture were similar to the surrounding skin, with limited pigmented. Scars on the edge of skin grafts was not obvious. Patients and their families were satisfied. Conclusions The sheet skin graft is the main method for postburn scar contracture in children′s hands. The abdominal skin flap should be considered, if tendon or bone is exposed, especially for large wound or multiple sites.