Through the discussion of the basic components and development of experimental animal ethical education and the effect of strengthening animal ethical education on comprehensive experimental teaching of preclinical medicine,this paper analyzed the status of animal ethical education in the comprehensive experimental teaching of preclinical medicine,and pointed out the medical students' existing problems of animal ethical education in the comprehensive experimental teaching of preclinical medicine,including that they didn't understand the real meaning of animal experiments and the experimental attitude was not correct;they ignored the feelings of experimental animals and increased the pain of experimental animals;school did not provide specialized animal ethics education and related animal ethics research was inadequate.And this paper put forward the countermeasures aiming at the as follows,teachers need to expound animal ethics knowledge before the experiment,strengthen experimental operation management and standardize the operation of animal experiments;the teachers should teach by personal example and verbal instruction and pay attention to animal ethical education in the experimental teaching process.

It is of great importance that deep learning of computer for the automate identification of the two-dimensional image of Chinese herbal slices is valuable in the application to medicine,production and education.Traditional methods usually extract low-level image features for the identification,but they cannot give robust recognition results under complex backgrounds.Therefore,higher level image representation is necessary in the image identification.A public Chinese herbal medicine database was constructed with 50 common categories and 2,554 images in total,for training and evaluating our recognition model.Then,the sofimax loss function was adopted to train the convolutional neural network model.As a result,the convolutional neural network can achieve the average precision of 70％ under all the 50 medicine herbal classes.In conclusion,convolutional neural network can obtain good results in image identification with complex backgrounds and mutually occluded herbal slices,which has promising potential for future applications.

Objective To explore the lowest effective dosage of mifepristone combined with misoprostol in terminating ultra-early pregnancy.Methods All the cases of ultra-early pregnancy classified by amenorrhea days,β-hCG and vaginal B-ultrasonic were randomly divided into two groups.One hundred cases in G1 group (minimized dosage) were orally administered 25 mg mifepristone once a day for 2 days and combined with 200 μg misoprostol 48 hours later,while 150 mg mifepristone combined with 600 μg misoprostol 48 hours later were given to 100 cases in G2 group (normal dosage).All cases were observed for 6 hours after taking misoprostol and returned for assessment three days later.Results None missing.Expulsion of conceptus:G1 and G2 group were 22 (22.0％,22/100) and 25 (25.0％,25/100;P ＞ 0.05).Failure rate:cases with incomplete abortion were 1 (1.0％,1/100) and 2 (2.0％,2/100) in G1 and G2 group,hospitalization for suspected ectopic pregnancies both was 1 (1.0％).Bleeding:bleeding cases during the administration of mifepristone in G1 and G2 group were 71 (71.0％,71/100) and 78 (78.0％,78/100; P＞0.05); the mcan bleeding time were (5.3 ± 1.4) days and (6.0± 1.5) days (P ＜0.01).Other side effects:in G1 group,majority showed light nausea (7.0％,7/100) and light abdominal pain (20.0％,20/100).Menses recovery:99 (99.0％,99/100) for G1 group and 98 (98.0％,98/100) for G2 group to recovery on scheduled time.Satisfactions:both were 99 (99.0％,99/100).Except mean bleeding days and side-effects,the differences above showed no significance (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion It is safe and effective treatment with the lowest dosages of mifepristone and misoprostol to terminate ultra-early pregnancies.

Currently, the intraoperative location of microelectrode position in the globus pallidus is subjective and qualitative; it only depends on the experience of doctors during pallidotomy for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. The fractal characteristic of neuronal discharge signals is analyzed for target localization; the factor of box dimension is extracted from the microelectrode recordings for identifying the neuronal structures at the depth of microelectrode. New objective and quantitative targeting technique is presented by processing clinical microelelctrode recordings of Parkinson's disease. Through the validation of clinical data and the critical appraisal by experts, the targeting technique can be used for improving the accuracy of localization in neurosurgery.
Electrophysiology ; Globus Pallidus ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Microelectrodes ; Neurons ; physiology ; Pallidotomy ; methods ; Parkinson Disease ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Stereotaxic Techniques ; Surgery, Computer-Assisted ; methods

A specifically designed fiber optical spectrum system was applied to measure the hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SO2) of living rat's brain tissue. Collections of in vivo visible absorption spectrum measured by the fiber optical spectrometer at different SO2 as well as their corresponding SO2 values measured by OXImeter were made on a kind of tissue model (i. e. the mixture of Intralipid and blood) and were used as the training data of an artificial neural network (ANN) which, after being trained, can put out SO2 value correctly when an absorption spectrum was put in. The SO2 values of 5 living rats' brain tissue at different depth were obtained, and the experimental error range was +/- 5%. This method is of great significance to important value for monitoring hemoglobin oxygen saturation at various depths in brain minimally invasive surgery.
Algorithms ; Animals ; Brain ; metabolism ; Computer Simulation ; Female ; Hemoglobins ; metabolism ; Neural Networks (Computer) ; Oximetry ; methods ; Oxygen ; blood ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spectrum Analysis ; methods

In this paper, we introduce an optimization approach to the inverse model of near-infrared optical tomography (NIR OT), which can reconstruct the optical properties, namely the absorption and scattering coefficients of thick tissue such as brain and breast tissues. A modeling and simulation tool, named Femlab and based on finite element methods, has been tested wherein the forward models are based on the diffusion equation. Then the inverse model is soved; this is regarded as an optimization approach, including the tests on difference between the measured data and the predicted data, and the optimization methods of optical properties. The algorithms used for optimization are multi-species Genetic Algorithms based on multi-encoding. At last, the whole strategy for the Femlab and optimization approach is given. The strategy is proved to be sufficient by the simulation results.
Algorithms ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Infrared Rays ; Scattering, Radiation ; Tomography, Optical ; methods

The fundamental theory and new research of near-infrared optical tomography (NIR OT) were introduced. NIR OT can offer the functional as well as structural information of tissue, so its applications have emerged in areas such as functional imaging of the brain, breast cancer detection, continue monitoring of the brain in babies and any other medical applications. The paper broadly divides the types of NIR OT instruments into three groups: continuous intensity, intensity-modulated and time-resolved instruments. The diffuse function of light propagation through tissue was given, and emphasized on the two distinct solutions to image reconstruction: linear methods based on inverse scattering theory and non-linear methods based on model fitting. Give some advanced work we can do in the future, concurrent NIR OT and other conventional anatomical imaging techniques, such as MRI, CT, research on the presence of anisotropies, contrast agent in NIR OT, three-dimensional image reconstruction. At last enumerate some of the fundamental difficulties involved in NIR OT, such as the intensity matching problem between simulated and experiment data, the boundary effect problem. Although these are often acknowledged, they remain largely unexplored.
Brain ; physiology ; Breast Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Infrared Rays ; Models, Theoretical ; Scattering, Radiation ; Tomography, Optical ; methods

The microelectrode recordings of neuron discharge, which contain noises, are very complex and apt to be disturbed by many factors during the microelectrode-guided stereotactic operations. The varying signal-to-noise ratios are obstacles to the analysis of neural spikes. A novel method based on a combination of wavelet-based and non-linear energy operator is presented for the detection of neural spikes. The method is tested for neural signals of different patients and various SNR values. The results demonstrate its performance for successful detection and effective extraction of the waveform of neural spikes.
Action Potentials ; physiology ; Algorithms ; Humans ; Microelectrodes ; Neural Conduction ; physiology ; Neurons ; physiology ; Nonlinear Dynamics ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted

Objective To compare on the influence of invigorating spleen and restoring virility to the SS level and SSR1 gene expression in brain. Method The spleen insufficiency model of rat was established by adopting bitter decline diarrhea, wild eating and overworking. SS level and SSR1 gene expression change of hypothalamus ventral kernel, hippocampi CA1 area and forehead corte were detected by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization techniques. Result In the model group, the immunoreaction masculine substance of SS and SSR1 mRNA, hypothalamus ventral kernel, hippocampi CA1 area and forehead cortex decreased obviously. The immunoreaction masculine substance of SS and SSR1 mRNA on above mentioned parts in the group of invigorating spleen and restoring virility increased distinctly. Conclusion In the model group, the SS level and SSR1 gene expression in brain to promoting study memory ability changed. Invigorating spleen and restoring virility may affect study memory ability by regulating the SS level and SSR1 gene expression.

Objective Comparison on the influence of invigorating spleen and restoring virility to the NPY level in brain and gene expression. Method Establishing the spleen insufficiency model of rat by adopting bitter decline diarrhea, wild eating and overworking, to examine the hypothalamus ventral kernel, the hippocampi CA1 area and forehead cortex, the gene expression change of NPY. Result In the model group, the immunoreaction masculine substance of NPY, hypothalamus ventral kernel,hippocampi CA1 area and prefrontal cortex decreases obviously. The immunoreaction masculine substance of NPY on above mentioned parts in the group of invigorating spleen and restoring virility increases distinctly. In the model group, the expression of NPY mRNA on prefronta cortex and hypothalamus ventral kernel decreases obviously, while on the groups of invigorating spleen and restoring virility increases obviously. Conclusion In the model group, the NPY level and gene expression in brain to promote study memory changed. Invigorating spleen and restoring virility may affect study memory by regulating the NPY level and gene expression.