AIM: To investigate the effect of (Ganoderma lucidum ) polysaccharides (Gl-PS) on the insulin-releasing function of pancreati c islets. METHODS: Pancreatic islets were isolated and incubated with 5.6 or 16.7 mmol?L -1 glucose and different concentratio ns of Gl-PS for 1 h. Then the insulin was examined. Verapamil, and verapamil co mbined EGTA were used to testify whether the insulin-releasing effect of Gl-PS was inhibited by these inhibitors. The effects of Gl-PS on protein expression of the glucose transporter 2(GLUT2) under 5.6 and 16.7 mmol?L -1 glucose were also investigated. RESULTS: Gl-PS stimulated th e insulin release when incubated with the glucose of 5.6 or 16.7 mmol ?L -1 . The insulin releasing effect of Gl-PS was partly inhibited by ve rapamil and completely inhibited by verapamil+EGTA. Gl-PS could promote the GLU T2 protein expression of pancreatic islets under glucose of 5.6 and 16.7 mmol?L -1 . CONCLUSION: Gl-PS possesses insulin-rele asing effect under the glucose of 5.6 and 16.7 mmol?L -1 due t o the promotion of the GLUT2 protein expression and the subsequent facilitation of Ca 2+ inflow into the pancreatic B cells.

AIM This study was undertaken to investigate the protective effect against ConcanavalinA (ConA) or BCG+LPS induced liver injury in mice by FTY720 and possible mechanisms. METHODS The serum ALT and its AST level changes were measured in two kinds of immunological liver injury models. The serum IFN ? and IL 4 changes were determined by ELISA and tested the effect of FTY720 on lymphocyte proliferation. RESULTS FTY720 dose dependently reduced serum ALT, AST levels in ConA or BCG+LPS induced liver injury in mice. It was also found that FTY720 decreases serum IFN ? and IL 4 levels during liver injury. The results also proved that FTY720 was able to inhibit lymphocyte proliferation. CONCLUSION Pretreatment with FTY720 could protect the mice from immunological liver injury. The possible mechanisms of its action are related to inhibiting lymphocyte proliferation and cytokines production.

Objective To assess the effectiveness of carotid endarterectomy(CEA) in the surgical treatment of stenosis of carotid artery.Methods From December 2003 to June 2006,28 patients of carotid arteriosclerotic stenosis received CEA and vascular repair or plasty(VP).Before and after operation,the hemodynamic parameters including inner diameter of internal carotid canal,blood flow rate,blood flow and blood flow rate of middle cerebral artery of 28 patients were measured by color Doppler flow imaging(CDFI) and transcranial Doppler(TCD).Results The inner diameter of internal carotid canal in all patients recovered to normal range.Blood flow rate and blood flow after operation were improved.No postoperative complications occurred,and no aneurysms formed.Conclusion CEA is one of the effective ways to manage carotid stenosis and angioplasty can improve the long-term efficiency.

Objective To retrospectively investigate the impact of postoperative radiotherapy ( RT) on the relationship between molecular subtype and survival in patients with breast cancer ( BC ) . Methods A total of 716 women who were admitted to our hospital in 2008 and newly received unilateral mastectomy were divided into Luminal A ( LA ) , Luminal B?HER?2?negative ( LB1 ) , Luminal B?HER?2?positive ( LB2) , HER?2 overexpression ( HER?2+) , triple?negative ( TN) , and unassigned subtypes according to the 2011 St. Gallen Consensus. The Cox model was used to analyze the differences in overall survival ( OS) and disease?free survival ( DFS ) rates between subtypes in all patients, RT group, or non?RT group. The Kaplan?Meier method was used to calculate OS and DFS rates. The Cox model was used to perform the factor analysis. Results In all patients, the median follow?up time was 71?4 months;the overall mortality rate was 10?5%;the incidence of treatment failure ( death+relapse+metastasis) was 14?9%;217 patients ( 30?3%) received RT. The multivariate analysis showed that there was no significant difference in OS between subtypes in any group ( all P>0?05 ) . In all patients, patients with LB1 subtype or unassigned subtype had significantly poorer DFS rates than those with LA subtype ( HR= 1?881, P= 0?035;HR= 1?907, P=0?049) . In the non?RT group, patients with LB1 subtype had significantly poorer DFS rates than those with LA subtype (HR=3?324, P=0?01). In the RT group, there was no significant difference in DFS rate between subtypes ( all P>0?05) . The two?dimensional cross analyses of RT and subtype demonstrated that patients with LB1 subtype in the non?RT group had lower OS and DFS rates than patients with LA subtype in the RT group ( P=0?09,0?06) . Conclusions Patients with LB1 subtype have lower OS and DFS rates than patients with LA subtype, especially in the non?RT patients. RT has no impact on the relationship between subtype and prognosis.

Objective To study the operative technique and effect of temporary balloon occlusion of the abdominal aorta for preventing intraoperative bleeding during cesarean for patients with pernicious placenta previa and placenta accreta. Methods Retrospective analysis was conducted on the intraoperative situation of forty-one cases and information of follow-up twenty-nine cases, which were pernicious placenta previa and placenta accreta and delivered in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from May 1, 2013 to June 30, 2014. Diagnosis was confirmed by line of color Doppler ultrasound and MRI for all patients before operations. An interventional physician performed right femoral artery puncture and preset the abdominal aortic balloon catheter in the digital subtraction angiography operation room before cesarean. At the same time of fetal delivery, 10 ml normal saline was injected into the balloon immediately, which results in filling of the balloon and blocking of the aorta. According to the area and depth of placenta implantation and implantation or penetration of the posterior bladder wall, placenta separation, partial resection of the uterine wall and partial bladder resection and repair were performed correspondingly. Meanwhile, saline in the balloon was pumped out gradually until empty. Condition of placenta implantation, blood loss and blood transfusion volume during the operation, intraoperative and postoperative complications, the duration and dose of fetal radiation exposure, and Apgar score of neonates were analyzed. Results Among the 41 cases, penetrative placenta and implanted placenta were observed in five cases and 36 cases, respectively. The latter 36 cases including 28 cases of bladder posterior wall accreta and eight cases of bladder posterior wall penetration. For all cases, the average operation time was (68.5±15.3) min, the mean blood loss in the operation was (1 058±960) ml, among which eight received blood transfusion with an average of (600±400) ml, and the mean hospital stay was (8.2±2.3) d. Uteruses were reserved in all cases. The mean duration and dose of fetal radiation exposure was (8.1±3.6) s and (5.2±2.9) mGy, and the Apgar score of neonates was 8.7±0.5 at 1 min and 9.5±0.3 at 5 min, respectively. The patients were followed up until October 31, 2014. Among them, six were lost, six were still in puerperium, 18 were breast-feeding, and the menses of 11 had returned. Conclusion Preset abdominal aortic balloon catheter in pernicious placenta previa and placenta accrete patients might effectively reduce the blood loss during cesarean section as well as the risk of hysterectomy through temporary occlusion of the abdominal aorta.

Objective :To construct hepatocarcinoma specific IL-1? anti-sense RNA expression vector and to explore its effect on the growth of implanted hepatocarcinoma H22 cells in mice and the possible mechanism. Methods:Murine IL-1? anti-sense RNA expression vectors pafpIRES2-antiIL-1?1 and pafpIRES2-antiIL-1?2 under the regulation of minimal alpha-feto protein (AFP) promoter and CMV enhancer were constructed,and further verified by PCR,restriction endonuclease analysis and DNA sequencing. H22 cells transfected with pafpIRES2-antiIL-1? 1 or pafpIRES2-antiIL-1? 2 were divided into 3 groups:H22/mock,H22/antiIL-1?1 and H22/antiIL-1?2 group. Expression of IL-1? was detected by RT-PCR. Transfected H22 cells were subcutaneously injected into mice to establish tumor implanted mouse model. Tumor volume was measured; the cytotocixity of spleen NK against H22 cells was detected by MTT. Results:Hepatocarcinoma specific IL-1? anti-sense RNA expression vectors pafpIRES2-antiIL-1?1 and pafpIRES2-antiIL-1?2 were successfully constructed and were verified by PCR,restriction endonuclease analysis and DNA sequencing. IL-1? expression in H22 cells was down-regulated after transfected with IL-1? anti-sense RNA expression vectors,especially with the pafpIRES2-antiIL-1?2 vector. Hepatocarcinoma cells implanted mouse model was successfully established. Tumor volume and growth of tumor in H22/antiIL-1?2 mice was obviously smaller than that in H22/mock mice,and the cytotocixity of spleen NK against H22 cells in H22/antiIL-1?1 and H22/antiIL-1?2 mice was also greatly enhanced. Conclusion:Hepatocarcinoma specific IL-1? anti-sense RNA expression vector pafpIRES2-antiIL-1? was successfully constructed. It effectively inhibits the growth of implanted hepatocarcinoma in mice probably through specifically blocking expression of IL-1? and increasing cytotocixity of spleen NK.

Objective To detect the levels of retinol binding protein(RBP)and adiponectin during the second trimester in the serum of women in normal pregnancy and women who subsequently develop gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM )and to evaluate their role in predicting GDM .Methods A case‐control study was performed to detect and compare the levels of RBP and adiponec‐tin between women who subsequently develop GDM (n= 88)and normal control from 16 to 20 pregnancy weeks (n= 88) . Results Maternal serum RBP levels and the RBP/adiponectin ratio were significantly higher in GDM women than that in normal controls(P<0 .01) .The levels of maternal serum adiponectin were significantly lower in GDM women than that in normal controls (P<0 .01) .The levels of RBP≥30 .45 mg/L ,adiponectin≤9 .93 mg/L and the ratio of RBP/adiponetin≥3 .18 as early markers for predicating development of GDM ,their sensitivities were 63 .6% ,80 .7% and 81 .8% ,and specificities were 75 .0% ,65 .1% and 79 .7% ,respectively .Conclusion The combination of RBP and adiponetin as early marker for predicating development of GDM from 16 to 20 pregnancy weeks was more valuable than single use of them .

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the decoction amount changes of verbascoside,gallic acid in single decoction and com-bined decoction of rehmanniae radix preparata,corni fructus and poria,and provide scientific basis for further study of effective substance basis. METHODS:The single decoction,combined decoction with each 2 medicine and combined decoction with the 3 medicines of rehmanniae radix preparata,corni fructus and poria,were respectively prepared. HPLC was adopted to detect and com-pare the decoction amount of active component verbascoside in rehmanniae radix preparata and active component gallic acid in cor-ni fructus in each group. RESULTS:Compared with single decoction of rehmanniae radix preparata,the decoction amount of ver-bascoside was decreased in combined decoction of poria+rehmanniae radix preparata(P<0.01),decoction amount of verbascoside was increased in combined decoction of corni fructus+rehmanniae radix preparata or combined decoction with the 3 medicines(P<0.01). Compared with single decoction of corni fructus,the decoction amount of gallic acid in each combined decoction was de-creased (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS:The combined decoction of rehmanniae radix preparata,corni fructus and poria has certain promotion and inhibition effects on the decoction of verbascoside in rehmanniae radix preparata and inhibition effect on the decoc-tion of gallic acid in corni fructus. It is speculated verbascoside may be one of the main components in combined decoction playing the role of effectiveness.

Objective: To learn about the characteristics of physical activity(PA) and physical fitness, and to provide basis for the health and development of the Tibetan students. Methods: The cluster stratified random sampling was used, and 8 945 Tibetan students in Tibet were selected in May to June, 2019, and were administrated with questionnaire. Independent samples t test, one way ANOVA and Pearson correlation analysis were used. Results: There were significant differences of PA, and physical fitness by gender, grade and living area among Tibetan adolescents ( P <0.05). The PA score of boys(2.79±0.58) was higher than that of girls( 2.51 ±0.56), while the physical fitness level of girls(62.40±25.55) was higher than that of boys(59.26±26.55). The PA score( 2.59 ±0.55) of rural Tibetan children and youth was lower than those of urban areas, while the physical fitness level(61.53±26.53) was only lower than that of county area; the PA score(2.60±0.58) of Tibetan children and youth was the lowest for grade 7 and 9, while physical fitness level(57.62±24.33) was the lowest for grade 5 and 6. PA was not significantly correlated with physical fitness of Tibetan adolescents( r =-0.01， P >0.05). Conclusion Lack of physical activity and poor physical fitness are observed in Tibetan adolescents. It is suggested that schools, families and society should cooperate in various aspects and actively take measures to improve the physical health level of Tibetan children and adolescents.

Objective:To explore the optimal local treatment pattern of supraclavicular lymph node in breast cancer patients with synchronous ipsilateral supraclavicular lymph node metastasis (sISLM).Methods:Clinical data of 128 breast cancer patients with sISLM admitted to the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University from 2010 to 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 68 cases were treated with supraclavicular lymph node dissection combined with radiotherapy, and 60 cases received radiotherapy alone. The locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRFS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were statistically compared between two groups.Results:Univariate analysis demonstrated that the 5-year LRFS, DMFS, PFS and OS did not significantly differ between two groups (all P>0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that the local treatment pattern of supraclavicular lymph node was an independent prognostic factor for the 5-year DMFS, PFS and OS (all P<0.05). Subgroup analysis showed that when radiotherapy alone was performed, the 5-year OS of patients in the supraclavicular region radiation dose of>50 Gy group were significantly better than that in the 50 Gy group ( P=0.047). When supraclavicular lymph node dissection combined with radiotherapy was delivered, if the number of dissection was less than 10, the 5-year LRFS, DMFS, PFS, OS of patients in the>50 Gy group were all better than those in the 50 Gy group numerically without statistical significance (all P>0.05). If the number of dissection was ≥10, the 5-year LRFS, DMFS, PFS, OS in the 50 Gy group were better than those in the>50 Gy group numerically, whereas significant difference was only found in the 5-year DMFS ( P=0.028). Conclusions:Supraclavicular lymph node dissection combined with radiotherapy may be the optimal local treatment pattern for supraclavicular lymph node. When radiotherapy alone is performed, a radiation boost to the supraclavicular region may improve OS. When supraclavicular lymph node dissection combined with radiotherapy is performed, if the degree of dissection is low, a radiation boost to the supraclavicular region may bring clinical benefits. However, if the degree of dissection is high, a radiation boost to the supraclavicular region may not bring significant clinical benefits.