Objective To investigate the expression of Toll-like receptors 2 (TLR2) mRNA,p38 mitogen activated protein kinase(p38 MAPK) mRNA and cytokine in peripheral blood of children with measles and to study the effect and possible mechanism for TLR2-p38 MAPK signal pathway defects on immune suppression in the children with measles during acute phase.Methods Thirty children with measles hospitalized in the department of infectious diseases from June 2012 to July 2013 were enrolled into the measles group,and 30 healthy children were chosen as the healthy control group.The mRNA expressions of TLR and p38 MAPK in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).The protein levels of interferon-γ (IFN-γ),tumor necrosis factor-β (TNF-β),interleukin (IL)-12,IL-6 and IL-10 in plasma were measured by using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA),and flow cytometry (FCM)was applied to detect the percentage of lymphocyte subpopulation.The serum IgG,IgA and IgM levels were detected by velocity scatter turbidimetry.Results (1) The expressions of TLR2 mRNA and p38 MAPK mRNA in the measles group were both significantly lower than those in the healthy control group (all P ＜ 0.05).(2) Compared with the healthy control group,the protein levels of IFN-γ,TNF-β and IL-12 in the plasma of the measles group decreased significantly (all P ＜ 0.05),and the levels of IL-6 and IL-10 increased significantly(all P ＜ 0.05).(3)Compared with the healthy control group,the percentage of CD3 +,CD4 +,CD4 +/CD8 + ratio and the level of IgG and IgA in the measles group decreased significantly(all P ＜ 0.05),and the percentage of CD19 + increased significantly(P ＜ 0.05),but there was no any significant change in the percentage of CD8 + and the level of IgM (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The mRNA expressions of TLR2 and p38 MAPK are low in PBMC in the measles children during acute phase.There are different degrees of suppression of cell immunity,humoral immune and cytokines disorder in children with measles.Defects of TLR2-p38 MAPK signal pathway may cause the formation of measles immune suppression.

Objective To observe the effect of bone morphogenetic protein 4(BMP4) on the infil-tration of macrophages and the expression of nuclear factor-κB in mice model of unilateral ureteral obstruc-tion(UUO).Methods C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups:injected intra-abdominally with saline-sham-operated group(saline-sham group,n =8),injection intra-abdominally with saline-UUO-operated group(saline-UUO group,n=8),injection intra-abdominally with anti-BMP4-sham-operated group (anti-BMP4-sham group,n=8),and injection intra-abdominally with anti-BMP4-UUO-operated group(anti-BMP4-UUO group,n=8).Either saline or anti-BMP4(group 200 μl/gram of body weight per day) were injected intra-abdominally for 7 days after surgery.Mice were sacrificed at 7th day to evaluate the expression of CD68 and p-P65 by immunohistochemical staining in each group.Besides,the p-P65 protein level was also analyzed by Western blotting in four groups.Results Immunohistochemical staining showed that the expres-sions of CD68 and p-P65 were significantly reduced in the kidney cortices in anti-BMP4-UUO group than in saline-UUO group(P<0.05,respectively).Similar to that,the p-P65 protein level was significantly reduced in the kidney cortices in anti-BMP4-UUO group than in saline-UUO group(P < 0.05,respectively). Conclusion BMP4 participates in the process of renal interstitial inflammation in obstructive nephropathy, and may play a role through the activation of nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway.

Objective To investigate the CT and MRI manifestations of intra-abdominal aggressive fibromatosis and correlation with pathology.Methods The CT and MRI manifestations of 26 cases with intra-abdominal aggressive fibromatosis confirmed by pathological examination were analyzed retrospectively.Results 26 cases showed single solid mass,13 cases showed well-circumscribed and round-like,9 cases wrapped around the common bile duct,intestine or ureter,4 cases were lobulated which had unclear margin with surrounding tissues in pelvic.All the lesions displayed isodensity or slightly low density non-enhanced CT appearance,heterogenous high intensity FS T2WI,some larger tumors showed mixed signal.CT/MRI enhanced scan showed gradual enhancement in 26 cases.Conclusion Intra-abdominal aggressive fibromatosis have some certain imaging features,MRI can offer the histo logical features of tumors and have some correlation with pathology.

Objective:To explore the potential categories of return-to-work self-efficacy of postoperative patients with thyroid cancer and analyze the influencing factors, so as to provide theoretical basis for implementing precise interventions of occupational rehabilitation.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study. A convenient sampling method was used to select 257 postoperative patients with thyroid cancer in Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University from May 2022 to July 2023. The General Information Questionnaire, Return-To-Work Self-Efficacy Questionnaire and Cancer Fatigue Scale were used for investigation. Latent profile analysis was used to explore the potential categories of return-to-work self-efficacy of postoperative patients with thyroid cancer. Logistic regression and decision tree were used to analyze the influencing factors of different potential categories.Results:Finally, 250 postoperative patients with thyroid cancer were included. There were 76 males and 174 females, aged (37.91 ± 8.04) years old. The return-to-work self-efficacy of postoperative patients with thyroid cancer was divided into 2 potential categories: low return-to-work self-efficacy group (72.0%, 180/250) and high return-to-work self-efficacy group (28.0%, 70/250). Logistic regression showed education, thyrotropin suppressive therapy, cancer-related fatigue and age were factors influencing the potential categories of return-to-work self-efficacy of postoperative patients with thyroid cancer ( OR values were 0.951 - 19.820, all P<0.05). Decision tree model showed education level and cancer-related fatigue were the most important factors ( χ2 = 31.40, 16.95, both P<0.05). Conclusions:There were two potential categories of return-to-work self-efficacy of postoperative patients with thyroid cancer. Most of them had low levels of return-to-work self-efficacy. Health care professionals should focus on patients who are less educated and having cancer-related fatigue, meanwhile, should not ignore patients who are substandard thyrotropin suppressive therapy, and older. Implement precise interventions of occupational rehabilitation to improve the return-to-work self-efficacy of postoperative patients with thyroid cancer so as to help them reintegrate into society.

Objective:To construct and validate a risk prediction model for immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated pneumonia (CIP) using machine learning algorithms and the nomogram, aiming to provide an accurate and intuitive method to assist nurses in screening people at high risk of developing CIP.Methods:This was a retrospective case -control study. A total of 230 oncology patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors attending Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University from January 2019 to February 2022 were collected using the hospital's electronic medical record system. The prediction models were built using five machine learning algorithms and nomogram. The models were then validated on a separate test set, and their differentiation and stability were assessed using evaluation indices like AUC and accuracy rate.Results:Underlying lung disease, smoking history, serum albumin≤35 g/L and radiotherapy history were identified as important influencing factors of CIP in all six models. The AUC of K nearest neighbor, support vetor machines (SVM), naive Bayesian, decision tree and random forest models predicted CIP were 0.647, 0.696, 0.930, 0.870, and 0.934, respectively. The AUC of the model created by the nomogram was 0.813, which was lower than the best random forest model in the machine learning algorithm, but with good predictive performance (AUC=0.934).Conclusions:The nomogram model can assess the patient′s risk more intuitively, but the risk prediction model of CIP based on a machine learning algorithm has a higher diagnostic value. It is suggested that the accuracy and usefulness of the prediction model can be increased by combining the nomogram's foundation with the machine learning algorithm.

Objective:To analyze functional changes in macrophages in mouse models of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) by modulating indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) .Methods:Forty specific-pathogen-free female ICR mice were randomly divided into 4 groups using a complete randomization method: a blank group, a VVC model group, a VVC model + 1-methyltryptophan (1-MT) group (referred to as the 1-MT group), a VVC model + interferon-γ (IFN-γ) group (referred to as the IFN-γ group), with 10 mice in each group. Except for the blank group, all the mice were injected subcutaneously with estradiol benzoate oil solution in the abdomen every other day for 6 days prior to modeling to induce pseudoestrus; after successful induction of pseudoestrus, the mice were inoculated vaginally with Candida albicans suspensions at a concentration of 2 × 10 9 CFU/ml once a day for 5 days to establish VVC mouse models, and subcutaneous injections of estradiol benzoate oil solution were continued simultaneously to maintain the pseudoestrus state; 1 day before inoculation with fungal suspensions, mice in the 1-MT group and IFN-γ group were pretreated with 1-MT and IFN-γ respectively, followed by once-daily same intervention for 6 consecutive days; mice in the blank group and VVC model group were intraperitoneally injected with physiological saline solution once a day for 6 consecutive days. On the 5th day of modeling, vaginal conditions in mice were observed and vaginal symptoms were scored; the vaginal lavage fluid was collected for smear microscopy and fungal colony counting; then, the mice were sacrificed, the vaginal tissues were collected and subjected to hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining, and the expression of IDO1 and the macrophage surface marker F4/80 was determined in the vaginal tissues by an immunofluorescence method; real-time fluorescence-based quantitative PCR (qPCR) was performed to determine mRNA expression levels of IDO1, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and arginase 1 (Arg-1) in the vaginal tissues, and Western blot analysis to determine the IDO1 protein expression in the vaginal tissues. One-way analysis of variance was used to analyze the differences in indices among groups, and Tukey test was used for multiple comparisons. Results:Smear microscopic examination of the vaginal lavage fluid on the 5th day of modeling showed elongated hyphae with a few spores in the VVC model group, a large number of elongated hyphae aggregating in clusters with surrounding spores in the 1-MT group, and a few thin and short hyphae with a large number of spores in the IFN-γ group. Compared with the VVC model group (360.0 ± 15.9), the fungal colony counts in the vaginal lavage fluid significantly increased in the 1-MT group (523.7 ± 67.7, P = 0.002), but significantly decreased in the IFN-γ group (258.3 ± 27.57, P = 0.026). HE staining and PAS staining showed small abscess formation in the epidermis and predominant infiltration of neutrophils throughout the epidermal and dermal layers with a large number of spores and a few hyphae in the VVC model group; thickened epidermis and diffuse inflammatory infiltration predominated by neutrophils in the dermis were seen in the 1-MT group, with a large number of hyphae and spores aggregating into clusters, which were predominated by hyphae; in the IFN-γ group, spores aggregated in the epidermis without obvious hyphae, and a small amount of inflammatory cells predominated by neutrophils infiltrated the dermis. Immunofluorescence assay revealed that the relative fluorescence intensities of IDO1 and F4/80 were highest in the IFN-γ group and the 1-MT group, respectively. Western blot analysis revealed that the IDO1 protein expression in the VVC model group was significantly higher than that in the blank group ( P < 0.001) and the 1-MT group ( P < 0.05), but significantly lower than that in the IFN-γ group ( P < 0.05). qPCR showed that iNOS mRNA expression significantly increased in the VVC model group compared with the blank group ( P < 0.01), and increased in the IFN-γ group compared with the blank group, VVC model group and 1-MT group (all P < 0.001); Arg-1 mRNA expression significantly increased in the VVC model group compared with the blank group ( P < 0.001) and IFN-γ group ( P < 0.01), and increased in the 1-MT group compared with the blank group, VVC model group, and IFN-γ group (all P < 0.001) . Conclusion:In the VVC mouse models, upregulation of IDO1 may cause macrophage polarization toward the M1 phenotype, and inhibition of IDO1 may cause increased macrophage recruitment and exacerbate the inflammatory response.