Objective:To explore the characteristics of brain dynamic activity in patients with schizophrenia by using functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI).Methods:Forty-three patients with schizophrenia and 31 normal controls were recruited and under fMRI scanning.The Positive and Negative Symptom Scale(PANS)was used to assess the severity of clinical symptoms.The DPABI software were used to compute dReHo and dFC.Granger causality analysis was used to calculate the effective connectivity between the significant brain regions of dReHo and the whole brain.Two sample t-test was performed to compare the difference of dReHo and dFC be-tween patients with schizophrenia and normal controls.Results:The dReHo of left postcentral gyrus(LPG)(P＜0.01,cluster-level FWE corrected)in patients with schizophrenia was decreased.The Dfc was increased between left postcentral and left middle frontal gyrus,left superior medial frontal gyrus,right calcarine,left medial cingulum gyrus,right supplementary motor area(P＜0.01,uncorrected).Compared with normal controls,patients with schiz-ophrenia showed decreased effective connectivity from LPG to right putamen.Conclusion:It suggests that the ab-normal functional activity of the postcentral gyrus mightcontribute to the neural physiopathology in patients with schizophrenia.

The development, progression, and curative efficacy of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are influenced by complex interactions between epithelial and immune cells. Nevertheless, the specific changes in the nature of these interactions and their underlying molecular mechanisms in HNSCC are not yet fully understood. Cuproptosis, a form of programmed cell death that is dependent on copper, has been implicated in cancer pathogenesis. However, the understanding of cuproptosis in the context of HNSCC remains limited. In this study, we have discovered that cuproptosis-related long non-coding RNAs (CRLs) known as JPX play a role in promoting the expression of the oncogene urokinase-type plasminogen activator (PLAU) by competitively binding to miR-193b-3p in HNSCC. The increased activity of the JPX/miR-193b-3p/PLAU axis in malignant epithelial cells leads to enhanced cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in HNSCC. Moreover, the overexpression of PLAU in tumor epithelial cells facilitates its interaction with the receptor PLAUR, predominantly expressed on macrophages, thereby influencing the abnormal epithelial-immune interactome in HNSCC. Notably, the JPX inhibitor Axitinib and the PLAU inhibitor Palbociclib may not only exert their effects on the JPX/miR-193b-3p/PLAU axis that impacts the malignant tumor behaviors and the epithelial-immune cell interactions but also exhibit synergistic effects in terms of suppressing tumor cell growth and arresting cell cycle by targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK4/6) for the treatment of HNSCC.
Humans ; MicroRNAs/metabolism* ; RNA, Long Noncoding/metabolism* ; Head and Neck Neoplasms/metabolism* ; Cell Proliferation ; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck/genetics* ; Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator/genetics* ; Cell Movement ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics* ; Neoplasm Invasiveness

Objective:To compare the diagnostic efficiency of colloidal gold dipstick method (PTH dipstick method) with that of doctors’ experience method based on nano-carbon method for rapid identification of parathyroid gland in thyroidectomy of thyroid cancer.Methods:From March to July 2020, 90 patients underwent thyroid surgery in the Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University participated in the experimental study, and 155 samples underwent empirical judgment, parathyroid dipstick and pathological examination. All operations were performed by senior specialists. SPSS statistics 17.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Results:Seventy-four cases of parathyroid gland confirmed by both pathology and empirical judgment, and 81 cases of non-parathyroid gland confirmed by pathology; 130 cases of parathyroid glands confirmed by both PTH dipstick method and pathology, and 22 cases of non-parathyroid glands confirmed by pathology. The accuracy rate of PTH dipstick method was 85.53% which was much higher than that of empirical judgment method (47.74%). The data were statistically significant ( χ2=49.14, P<0.05). The sensitivity of PTH method was 95.89%, the specificity of PTH method was 75.94%, and the Youden index was 0.7183. The sensitivity of empirical judgment method was 81.3%, the specificity of empirical judgment method was 47.74%, and the Youden index was 0.2904. Conclusions:The diagnostic efficiency of the PTH method is higher than that of empirical judgment method to identify parathyroid gland in thyroid surgery. The two methods can be used together to increase the protection of parathyroid gland during operation.

Objective:To analyze the liver pathological characteristics of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with normal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and negative hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg), and to evaluate the diagnostic value of different serological models for liver fibrosis.Methods:Retrospective analysis was conducted on the patients with HBeAg-negative CHB who had normal ALT and underwent liver biopsy from August 2016 to December 2019 in the Department of Infectious Diseases, Henan Provincial People′s Hospital. The clinical data, serum indicators of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HBV DNA were collected. The liver fibrosis stages (S) was assessed by pathological examination. The diagnostic efficacies of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase to platelet ratio (GPR), fibrosis 4 score (FIB-4), S index, aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase to albumin ratio (γ-GT/ALB) for liver pathological fibrosis were analyzed by the receiver operating characteristic curves. Two variable correlation test was used to explore the relationship between the different models and pathological fibrosis of liver tissue. Chi-square test was used for statistical comparison.Results:The age of 448 patients was (37.98±9.82) years, and the male to female ratio was 1.286 ∶1. The proportions of S≥2 in patients with age>30 years, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)<2 000 IU/mL and HBV DNA≥2 000 IU/mL were higher than those in patients with age ≤30 years, HBsAg ≥2 000 IU/mL and HBV DNA<2 000 IU/mL, respectively, and the differences were all statistically significant ( χ2=7.68, P=0.006; χ2=11.44, P=0.001; χ2=9.12, P=0.003, respectively). There were 250 cases with pathological fibrosis stage S<2, 162 cases with S=2 and 36 cases with S≥3. FIB-4 (correlation coefficient 0.250), APRI (correlation coefficient 0.218), GPR (correlation coefficient 0.186), S index (correlation coefficient 0.184) and γ-GT/ALB (correlation coefficient 0.127) were positively correlated with the severity of liver fibrosis (all P<0.050). S index had the highest sensitivity (64.1%) in the diagnosis of significant liver fibrosis (S≥2), while γ-GT/ALB had the highest specificity (80.8%). In the diagnosis of severe liver fibrosis (S≥3), γ-GT/ALB had the highest sensitivity (77.8%), while APRI had the highest specificity (78.6%). Conclusions:The incidence of liver fibrosis in CHB patients with normal ALT and negative HBeAg is relatively high. The current serological diagnostic models are not suitable for the evaluation of liver fibrosis in these patients, and timely liver puncture is still necessary.

Objective:To analyze the hepatic pathological inflammation and fibrosis condition in order to explore the relationship with related clinical indicators in patients with chronic hepatitis B patients with normal alanine aminotransferase (ALT).Methods:721 cases of chronic hepatitis B with normal ALT who were initially diagnosed in the Department of Infectious Diseases of Henan Provincial People's Hospital from August 2016 to December 2019 were retrospectively collected. Liver biopsy was performed in all patients. General data of patients such as gender, age, liver function indexes, blood routine indexes, HBsAg level, HBeAg status, HBV DNA level, spleen thickness and prothrombin time were collected. Univariate and multivariate analysis methods were used to determine the influencing factors of inflammation and fibrosis degree with liver biopsy. A receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to evaluate the established multi-factor prediction model. Alpha=0.05 was considered as a standard orientation of test.Results:The average age of 721 cases with chronic hepatitis B was 36.1±9.7 years, and the male to female ratio was 1.28/1, with inflammation and fibrosis grade mainly concentrated in G1S1 (349 cases), G1S2 (132 cases), G2S2 (119 cases), and G2S1 (57 cases). Among them, there were 349 (48.4%) cases of G1S1, and 372 (51.6%) cases of G/S≥2. The main manifestations were mild to moderate inflammation and fibrosis, and only 64 (8.88%) cases had severe G/S≥3. HBsAg level (stratified with 4 log10 IU/ml as the boundary) analyzed in 721 cases were correlated with the relevant clinical indicators stratification and liver pathological inflammation and fibrosis, and the difference was statistically significant (inflammation grade, χ2=6.182, P=0.013; Fibrosis grade, χ2=36.534, P=0.001). Univariate analysis of the relevant clinical indicators that may influence the patient's liver pathological G/S ≥2 showed the patient's age, albumin, γ- glutamyltransferase (GGT), platelet, prothrombin time (PT), spleen thickness and HBsAg level were all statistically significant ( P<0.05), while multivariate analysis showed that age, GGT, PT, and spleen thickness had statistical differences ( P<0.05). The prediction model was established in accordance to multivariate analysis, and the area under the ROC curve was 0.642. Maximization of the sum of sensitivity and specificity as cut-off value of Logit P=0.497, the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and Youden's index were 60.6%, 64.5%, and 0.252, respectively. Conclusion:More than half of patients with chronic hepatitis B with normal ALT have significant inflammation and fibrosis and require timely antiviral therapy. Age, GGT, PT and spleen thickness can help comprehensively evaluate the liver inflammation and fibrosis status among patients, but the lack of accurate prediction models suggests that more effective indicators that can help predict the inflammation and fibrosis status of such patients have yet to be discovered. Therefore, liver biopsy should still be actively performed in patients with normal ALT to confirm the diagnosis and timely treatment.

Objective To investigate whether there are differences in lymphocyte subsets between chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients receiving different antiviral treatment regimens, and to determine related predictive factors for HBsAg decline. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for 68 treatment-experienced CHB patients who attended the outpatient service in Department of Infectious Diseases, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, from October to December 2019, and according to the antiviral treatment regimen, they were divided into PEG-IFNα treatment group with 10 patients, PEG-IFNα+nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs) treatment group with 21 patients, and NAs treatment group with 37 patients. Related data were recorded, including demographic features, blood routine, albumin, HBsAg, and measurement of lymphocyte subsets. A one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between groups, and the Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between groups; the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups; the multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to investigate independent influencing factors for HBsAg decline. Results There were significant differences between the three groups in HBsAg decline ( H =8.348, P =0.015), absolute value of lymphocytes ( F =4.643, P =0.013), and T lymphocyte count ( F =7.721, P =0.001). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that sex (odds ratio [ OR ]=0.227, 95% confidence interval [ CI ]: 0.059-0.878, P =0.032), age ( OR =0.931, 95% CI : 0.868-0.999, P =0.047), antiviral treatment regimen (PEG-IFN-α treatment group vs NAs treatment group: OR =9.600, 95% CI : 1.982-46.498, P =0.005; PEG-IFN-α+NAs treatment group vs NAs treatment group: OR =4.800, 95% CI : 1.336-17.243, P =0.016), and T lymphocyte count ( OR =0.804, 95% CI : 0.684-0.944, P =0.008) were independent influencing factors for HBsAg decline. Conclusion For CHB patients receiving PEG-IFNα alone or in combination with NAs, monitoring of lymphocyte subsets during the treatment process may help to judge HBsAg decline, and the lower the absolute value of T lymphocytes, the greater the possibility of HBsAg decline.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of elbasvir/grazoprevir (EBR/GZR) in patients with genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C in the real-world.Methods:This was an open-label, single-center, retrospective real-world study. A total of 103 genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C patients who were treated with EBR/GZR in Henan Provincial People′s Hospital from May 2018 to October 2019 were enrolled.And the clinical baseline characteristics of patients and the effectiveness and safety of antiviral therapy were respectively evaluated.Results:A total of 103 patients were enrolled in the study with an age of (47.6±13.9) years. Fifty-five (53.4%) patients were male and 48(46.6%) were female. One point nine percent (2/103) patients were genotype 1a hepatitis C and 98.1%(101/103) were genotype 1b hepatitis C. Seventeen genotype 1b hepatitis C patients were previously treated with interferon, and three patients co-infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV). Among the 103 cases, 35 had underlying diseases and 26 had combined medication. Ninty-eight cases completed 12-week treatment and 89 cases completed 12-week follow-up after treatment.Overall, 89 cases achieved sustained virological response. The overall incidence of adverse reactions was 20.4%(21/103), and the main adverse reactions were fatigue, insomnia and anxiety. No serious adverse event occurred. The three patients with HBV co-infection had no hepatitis B activation after treatment.Conclusion:EBR/GZR is effective and safe in the patients with genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C in China.

ObjectiveTo investigate the status of abnormal renal function markers and related influencing factors in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients receiving oral antiviral drugs for a long time. MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 681 CHB patients who attended Henan Provincial People’s Hospital from January to December 2019 and received long-term oral administration of entecavir (ETV)/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF). All patients received the measurement of blood renal function markers (urea, creatinine, retinol-binding protein ［RBP］, cystatin C ［Cys-C］, and β2-microglobulin ［β2-MG］), urinary renal function markers (α1-microglobulin ［α1-MG］, Cys-C, and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase ［NAG］), and urine routine parameters. The incidence rate of abnormal renal function markers were analyzed. The McNemar’s test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups, and the multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to investigate independent influencing factors for abnormal renal markers in urine. ResultsThe 681 patients had a mean age of 39.8±11.0 years and received medication for 1.88 (0.80-3.16) years. There were 417 male patients and 264 female patients, and the incidence rate of liver cirrhosis was 27.02% (184/681). Of all 681 patients, 442 received ETV and 239 received TDF. The measurement of blood renal function markers showed that urea, creatinine, retinol-binding protein, Cys-C, and β2-MG had an abnormal rate of 6.9% (47/681), 0.15% (1/681), 0(0/681), 2.21% (15/681), and 5.03% (30/681), respectively, and the abnormal rate of urinary protein was 7.29% (49/672). The measurement of urinary renal function markers showed that α1-MG, NAG, and Cys-C had an abnormal rate of 38.62% (263/681), 37.74% (257/681), and 19.38% (132/681), respectively. The abnormal rate of urine test was higher than that of blood test (P＜0.001). The multivariate logistic regression analysis with urinary α1-MG as the dependent variable showed that sex (odds ratio ［OR］=0.293, 95% confidence interval ［CI］: 0.204-0.419, P＜0.05), age (OR=1298, 95%CI: 1.108-1.521, P＜0.05), and type of nucleoside drug (OR=2.100, 95%CI: 1.431-3.083, P＜0.05) were influencing factors. The multivariate logistic regression analysis with urinary NAG as the dependent variable showed that age (OR=1.177, 95%CI: 1.008-1.375, P=0.040) was an influencing factor. ConclusionCompared with blood renal function markers, urinary renal function markers can identify renal injury earlier in CHB patients, and the elderly patients and the patients receiving TDF are more likely to develop abnormal renal function. However, it is not observed whether the duration of medication and liver cirrhosis can increase the risk of renal injury in CHB patients.

Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),which is caused by SARS-CoV-2,varies with regard to symptoms and mortality rates among populations.Humoral immunity plays critical roles in SARS-CoV-2 infection and recovery from COVID-19.However,differences in immune responses and clinical features among COVID-19 patients remain largely unknown.Here,we report a database for COVID-19-specific IgG/IgM immune responses and clinical parameters(named COVID-ONE-hi).COVID-ONE-hi is based on the data that contain the IgG/IgM responses to 24 full-length/truncated proteins corresponding to 20 of 28 known SARS-CoV-2 proteins and 199 spike protein peptides against 2360 serum samples collected from 783 COVID-19 patients.In addition,96 clinical parameters for the 2360 serum samples and basic information for the 783 patients are integrated into the database.Furthermore,COVID-ONE-hi provides a dashboard for defining samples and a one-click analysis pipeline for a single group or paired groups.A set of samples of interest is easily defined by adjusting the scale bars of a variety of parameters.After the"START"button is clicked,one can readily obtain a comprehensive analysis report for further interpretation.COVID-ONE-hi is freely available at www.COVID-ONE.cn.

Objective:To investigate the changes of bone mineral density and its related influencing factors in chronic hepatitis B patients treated with long-term entecavir monotherapy.Methods:211 cases with chronic hepatitis B treated with entecavir monotherapy in the Department of Infectious Diseases of Henan Provincial People’s Hospital from June 2018 to September 2019 were retrospectively collected. Age, gender, body mass index, number of years of medication use, presence or absence of liver cirrhosis and current bone mineral density level (using dual-energy X-ray detection, taking lumbar L1 ~ 4 and left femur as observation region) and other related data were collected. 211 cases general situation was descriptively analyzed by case-control study design. Two independent sample t-tests were used to compare the differences in serum calcium, phosphorus, and renal function levels in patients with different medication durations. Univariate logistic regression was used to screen the influencing factors of bone mineral density level. Significant variables of univariate analysis were included in multivariate logistic regression to obtain the independent influencing factors leading to the decrease of bone mineral density level. The test level was set as α = 0.05.Results:The average age of 211 cases with chronic hepatitis B was (42.36 ± 11.10) years. The average medication time use was (2.52 ± 1.94) years. The body mass index (23.95 ± 3.11), and male-to-female ratio was 2.25/1. The incidence of liver cirrhosis was 35.5%. The incidence of low bone mass in the two observation sites (lumbar spine L1~4 and left femur) was 24.6% and 29.4%, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in serum calcium, phosphorus and renal function levels among patients with different entecavir treatment duration (≥3 years and < 3 years) ( P < 0.05). Univariate analysis result showed that the influencing factors of BMD were age, the number of years of medication use, gender, liver cirrhosis (L1~4 of the lumbar spine region) and age, the number of years of medication, and gender (left femoral region). The variables that entered the two models after the multivariate analysis were age (L1~4 region of lumbar spine: OR = 2.225, left femur OR = 1.660), gender (L1~4 region of lumbar spine: OR = 3.048, left femur OR = 2.496), number of years of medication use (L1~4 region of lumbar spine: OR = 1.387, left femur OR = 1.276). Conclusion:Age, gender, and the number of years of medication use are independent factors that influence the bone mineral density of patients with chronic hepatitis B treated with long-term entecavir. Low bone mass risk at the two observation sites is 2.225 and 1.66 times the normal level for every 10 years of age increase. Compared with men, the risk of low bone mass at the two observation sites is 3.048 and 2.496 times for women, and for every additional year of medication use, the risk of low bone mass at the two observation sites is 1.387 and 1.276 times the normal level. Female patients with older age and prolonged medication use are at high risk of developing bone mineral density reduction.